[pt] As premências da sociedade contemporânea têm dependido gradativamente mais do uso de dispositivos optoeletrônicos como solução para o aperfeiçoamento de inúmeras aplicações diárias. Notadamente na última década, áreas como a de geração de energia elétrica com células solares inorgânicas ou a de computação com o advento de computadores quânticos baseados em fótons únicos têm acumulado muitos investimentos em pesquisa. Este trabalho visa estudar e definir os parâmetros necessários para a produção de pontos quânticos (QD, do inglês Quantum Dot) de semicondutores III-V com o objetivo de aplicá-los como material ativo para células solares de banda intermediária (IBSC, do inglês Intermediate Band Solar Cell) e para emissores de fótons únicos quando inseridos em nanofios (QD-in-NW, do inglês QD in Nanowire). Para a aplicação em IBSC, os pontos quânticos são produzidos auto organizadamente pelo modo Stranski-Krastanow. A estrutura de banda do IBSC requer um poço de potencial fundo o suficiente para gerar 3 absorções em paralelo de fótons com energias distintas (um proveniente da energia de gap do material da barreira, um da absorção banda-banda do poço de potencial e o terceiro da absorção intra-banda do poço na banda de condução). Os materiais escolhidos foram barreiras de AlxGa1-xAs e poço de InAs crescidos sobre um substrato de GaAs(100). Os resultados do crescimento dessa estrutura foram analisados por microscopia de força atômica (AFM, do inglês atomic force microscopy), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e fotoluminescência (PL, do inglês photoluminescence). Para a aplicação em emissores de fótons únicos, os QDs (de InxGa1-xAs) são crescidos axialmente sobre nanofios de GaAs em substrato de GaAs(111)B. A técnica de crescimento escolhida neste caso foi o crescimento seletivo (SAG, do inglês selective area growth) que traz muitas vantagens com relação à qualidade cristalina e futuras litografias para fabricação do dispositivo. Tal técnica consiste na aplicação de uma máscara sobre o substrato com buracos nanométricos dentro dos quais a epitaxia ocorre exclusivamente. Os resultados de crescimento da estrutura foram analisados por MEV, MET, PL e espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão em energia (EDX, do inglês Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). Em ambos os casos, o crescimento das estruturas finais foi otimizado. Foi possível obter correlações da influência de cada parâmetro de crescimento na morfologia, cristalinidade e composição das estruturas. No caso dos QDs para IBSC, o método usado de recobrimento por In-flush foi determinante para a melhoria da qualidade cristalina das camadas e da homogeneização da altura dos QDs. No caso da estrutura de QD-in-NW, primeiro precisou-se encontrar os parâmetros de crescimento dos nanofios para atingir uma razão de aspecto alta, e só posteriormente estudou-se as condições para que o InAs crescesse axialmente sobre o nanofio. As caracterizações, principalmente a ótica, de ambos os trabalhos indicam que as estruturas propostas foram produzidas. / [en] In contemporary society the dependence on optoelectronic devices for countless daily applications has increased gradually. Particularly in the last decade fields such as energy generation through inorganic solar cells or quantum computation based in exchange of single photons has been heavily funded for their development. The aim of this thesis is defining the production parameters needed to fabricate quantum dots (QD) based on III-V semiconductors with planar geometry for intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) and with nanowire geometry (quantum dot in nanowire, QD-in-NW) for single photon emitter applications. For IBSC, the QDs are generated via self-assembly by Stranski-Krastanow mode. The IBSC s band structure requires a potential well deep enough to have 3 parallel photon absorption in different energy ranges (one is the barrier s energy gap, another is from the valence band to the intermediate band and the third one is from the intermediate band to the top of the barrier). The selected materials were AlxGa1-xAs as barriers, InAs as well, all grown on GaAs(100) substrate. The growth results were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning eléctron microscopy (SEM), transmission eléctron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). For the single photon emitters, the QDs (InxGa1-xAs) are grown axially over GaAs nanowires on a GaAs(111)B substrate. The chosen growth technique was the selective area growth (SAG) that brings many advantages in crystal quality and device lithography. This technique consists of applying a mask over the substrate with nanometric holes inside which the epitaxy occurs. The results were analysed by SEM, TEM, PL and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In both cases, the growth of the structures were optimized for better quality. The growth parameters could be correlated with the structure’s morfology, cristalinity and composition. For the IBSC, a capping method named In-flush was used to increase the crystal quality from the layers and the homogeneity from the QD s heights. For the QD-in-NW, firstly the nanowire s growth was optimized for higher aspect ratio and only then the growth of the InAs QD was optimized for axial growth over the nanowire. In both cases the optical measurements show that the proposed structures were grown successfully.

In this thesis, I investigate how three European citizen aid groups (Collective Aid, Refugee Women’s Centre, and No Name Kitchen) handle the asymmetrical power relationships between Western volunteers and non-Western people on the move. Inspired by postcolonial international relations literature and previous research on power asymmetries in humanitarian aid, I conduct a discourse analysis guided by the four categories “assuming equality through horizontal discourses”, “reconstituting social subjects”, “putting minds into motion”, and “civil disobedience”. I analyze the citizen aid groups’ online content, mostly social media posts, along with semi-structured interviews which I conducted with representatives from all three citizen aid groups. I conclude that two out of three Western citizen aid groups try to mitigate the interactional power inequalities between themselves and non-Western people on the move through their practices of humanitarian aid. Yet, all three groups show awareness of power hierarchies and attempt to mitigate them on a structural level by being openly political and denouncing the injustices facing people on the move in Europe.

Title: Kinesiological analysis of the rowing stroke on a single scull and on a rowing ergometer Concept 2 comparison Purposes: The purpose of the present study was to determine a specific structure in timing of selected muscles during two movement patterns - rowing on a single scull and rowing on an ergometer Concept 2. Methods: By surface electromyography we recorded muscular activity, synergies and involvement throughout mean cycle of the rowing stroke. Results: The mutual correlations of mean EMG curves of all measured muscles showed, that there were not found any differences in inter-locomotive synchronization of selected muscles. Established values of correlation (r) showed higher level of dynamic balance (performance similarity between both measured activities. Determination of the muscular activity timing considering onsets and cessations, was in the percentual results explication of the movement cycle inter-locomotive different. Conclusion: Results showed a great similarity in synergies organizing the muscular coordination in between both measured physical activities. But timing of the movement was different in the moments of muscular activity onsets during rowing and during ergometer rowing. This may be attributed to the specificity of on-water locomotion. Key words: Rowing, Concept 2,...

Careful feature engineering is an important factor of artificial intelligence for games. In this thesis I investigate the benefit of delegating the engineering efforts to the model rather than the features, using the board game Othello as a case study. Convolutional neural networks of varying depths are trained to play in a human-like manner by learning to predict actions from tournaments. My main result is that using a raw board state representation, a network can be trained to achieve 57.4% prediction accuracy on a test set, surpassing previous state-of-the-art in this task.  The accuracy is increased to 58.3% by adding several common handcrafted features as input to the network but at the cost of more than half again as much the computation time. / Noggrann funktionsteknik är en viktig faktor för artificiell intelligens för spel. I dennaavhandling undersöker jag fördelarna med att delegera teknikarbetet till modellen i ställetför de funktioner, som använder brädspelet Othello som en fallstudie. Konvolutionellaneurala nätverk av varierande djup är utbildade att spela på ett mänskligt sätt genom attlära sig att förutsäga handlingar från turneringar. Mitt främsta resultat är att ett nätverkkan utbildas för att uppnå 57,4% prediktionsnoggrannhet på en testuppsättning, vilketöverträffar tidigare toppmoderna i den här uppgiften. Noggrannheten ökar till 58.3% genomatt lägga till flera vanliga handgjorda funktioner som inmatning till nätverket, tillkostnaden för mer än hälften så mycket beräknatid.

This project is an in-depth investigation on the impact of lighting, marking and paint schemes on the operational aspects of police vehicles. This investigation consisted of two phases that ultimately consisted of four experiments. An array of lighting and marking schemes were implemented on police vehicles in a variety of jurisdictions for evaluation. The study then investigated the change in the visibility of police officers, the public reaction to these schemes, and the operational impacts of these systems. The first phase of the project was a naturalistic observation study where the goal was to better understand how traffic behaved around traffic stops. Test vehicles were positioned in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to determine how traffic behavior was affected by various configurations of police lighting and markings. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the move over law. Based on the results of the naturalistic studies, the impact of the lighting system on officer visibility was investigated in a controlled human factors test where the ability of a driver to see a police officer outside of their vehicle was measured in the presence of the lighting systems. The purpose of this interjected effort was to verify that the experimental schemes would not increase risk to law enforcement despite data from the first phase indicating the vehicles were more visible. A second part to that study evaluated conventional methods of bolstering an officer's visibility outside of their vehicle at night. The second phase took the findings of the first phase and implemented changes to several police vehicles from local and state agencies to be in operation for at least 18 months. This was to assess the rate of near-misses and crash rate to relate the vehicle changes to law enforcement safety. Additionally, rates of citations were assessed, and surveys offered an opportunity for law enforcement to provide their own feedback on the implementations. The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color. The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers. In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the operational activities of police authority. / Doctor of Philosophy / This project evaluated how lighting, marking and paint schemes on police vehicles affected their visibility and how traffic responded to them. An observational study positioned police vehicles with alternative lighting and markings in simulated traffic stops and patrol locations to evaluate traffic behavior. Camera and radar systems were used to measure the changes in driver speed and when drivers responded to the Move Over law. A second study evaluated how the lighting systems on a police car affect the visibility of an officer at night in a traffic stop scenario. A followup experiment looked into methods for bolstering the visibility of officers at night through conventional implementations such as body worn LED lighting, the use of a retroreflective vest, or by using lighting on the police vehicle's light bar to increase illumination of the police officer. A third study took the findings of the previous experiments and outfitted 64 Virginia State Police vehicles for 18 months. Another 64 Virginia State Police vehicles participated in a control condition where no changes were made to their vehicles. Data collected included the rate of near-misses or crashes and the rates of written citations. Surveys were administered to each participating officer regarding their perception of safety and comfort and allowed their open feedback and suggestions. The lighting systems evaluated included a completely blue lighting system, an enhanced all blue lighting system with twice the light output, a red and blue system, and a single flashing blue beacon. In terms of markings, retroreflective markings along the side of the vehicle, a retroreflective contour line, chevrons on the rear of the vehicle, and unmarked vehicles were evaluated. Finally, a variety of vehicle colors were used to investigate the impact of the base vehicle paint color. The results indicate that both the red and blue lighting system and the high output blue lighting system increase the distance at which drivers moved over significantly. In general, at least 95% of traffic attempted to merge away from an actively lighted police vehicle, when possible. In terms of the speed change, drivers began reducing their speed by approximately 600 m from the police vehicle. Similarly, the addition of retroreflectivity to the rear of the vehicle showed an additional benefit for causing drivers to move over sooner. However, these benefits came at a cost to the officer's visibility. When outside of their vehicle, the high output blue system significantly reduced officer detectability while the red and blue configuration only impacted detection distance by 3 meters. The investigation did find that these impacts could be overcome with retroreflective vests worn by the officers. In the second phase, a preference revealed by officers favored the red-blue configuration. They stated that this configuration provided greater comfort for them and less glare to approaching drivers. The study also revealed that the alternative configurations did not impact the rate of citations.

Yes / Whole-systems approaches are being adopted to tackle physical inactivity. The mechanisms contributing to changes resulting from whole-systems approaches are not fully understood. The voices of children and families that these approaches are designed for need to be heard to understand what is working, for whom, where and in what context. This paper describes the protocol for the children and families' citizen science evaluation of the Join Us: Move, Play (JU:MP) programme, a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity in children and young people aged 5-14 years in Bradford, UK. The evaluation aims to understand the lived experiences of children and families' relationship with physical activity and participation in the JU:MP programme. The study takes a collaborative and contributory citizen science approach, including focus groups, parent-child dyad interviews and participatory research. Feedback and data will guide changes within this study and the JU:MP programme. We also aim to examine participant experience of citizen science and the suitability of a citizen science approach to evaluate a whole-systems approach. Data will be analysed using framework approach alongside iterative analysis with and by citizen scientists in the collaborative citizen science study. Ethical approval has been granted by the University of Bradford: study one (E891-focus groups as part of the control trial, E982-parent-child dyad interviews) and study two (E992). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the participants, through schools or directly. The citizen scientists will provide input to create further dissemination opportunities.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The purpose of this research was to introduce a Transformational Communications Architecture for the Unit Operations Center (UOC); Common Aviation Command and Control System (CAC2S); and Command and Control On-the- Move Network, Digital Over-the-Horizon Relay (CoNDOR). The methodology used was to conduct Field Tests with government contractors and private vendors in order to demonstrate the capabilities of each wireless technology researched. These wireless technologies, Free Space Optics (FSO), Microwave, 802.16, 802.11b over SecNet-11, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Broadband Satellite, INMARSAT, and Iridium, all have the potential of being implemented in the transformational communications architecture for intra-nodal and inter-nodal links for UOC and CAC2S, as well as the CoNDOR communications architecture. The ultimate goal of this research was to introduce different technologies that offer more flexibility, mobility, and capability at the tactical level giving the Marine Corps the tactical wireless edge. Throughout this research, the focus revolved around testing equipment and network configurations in an IP network. Special consideration was given to wireless issues for the UOC, CAC2S, and CoNDOR, which could improve line-of-sight, beyond line-of-sight, and over-the-horizon communications for each program. These new technologies will transform communications in the United States Marine Corps for the 21st century. / Captain, United States Marine Corps

Title: Changes of the fitness indicators during pre - season period of selected football clubs of U15 category Objectives: The aim of this work was a diagnostic subseqent comparasion of two selected indicators of fitness clubs youth category U15 in the summer pre - season period. Methods: The research was performed by motor testing. To determine the status fitness indicators and its changes in the pre - season of the two clubs we have chosen five selected motor tests battery by the Football Association of the Czech Republic - tests of strength skills, speed skills, endurance and agility. Results: Significant change of fitness indicators during pre - season period occurred in one club in two motor tests and in the second one in three motor tests. Although partial changes occurred the assumption of improvement in overall fitness indicators has not been confirmed. The observation period (5 and 8 weeks) to achieve substantial changes is probably insufficient. Keywords: Managing training, control of fitness, condition, ability to move, motor Tests, pre - season period

Title: Comparison of the results of the annual examination of professional soldiers in years 2008-2015. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to describe the grades of the annual examination of physical training of professional soldiers (VZP) in 2008-2015 before and after the introduction of a new system of physical performance evaluation. The monitored group consists of soldiers and soldiers of the Army of the Czech Republic (ACR), who are subordinate to the Chief of the General Staff of the Czech Republic Army. The secondary aim of the thesis is a longitudinal comparison of the individual performances in the annual testing tests in the years 2011 to 2015 in the 43th Airborne Battalion. We will find out the results of VZP in the period we have determined, focusing on age categories. Methods: This is a quantitative study. A comparison of the percentages of individual marks over the years is performed using the Pearson chi- square test. Due to the size of the research population, the statistical comparison is performed on a random sample from the research sample (N = 500 test subjects). For the secondary objective, we assessed the changes in test results over the years (2011 to 2015) using a hierarchical linear model for both dependent variables (Cooper's test and pull ups), one separate model with...

A presente pesquisa trata da descrição e da análise de estratégias retóricas que abrangem a distribuição e organização funcional e conteudística de segmentos textuais de introduções de dissertações de mestrado. Para o fim proposto, os textos de introduções foram extraídos de dissertações de mestrado do Institut für Deutsch als Fremdsprache/Transnationale Germanistik da LMU de Munique e da Área de Alemão da USP, Brasil, escritas nas línguas de cada país: alemão e português. O corpus é composto de 44 textos de introdução. Com base na perspectiva linguístico-contrastiva, as constatações da retórica contrastiva, juntamente com a análise de gênero de orientação sócio-retórica, formam os fundamentos teóricos desse trabalho. Com o intuito de determinar a distribuição e a organização dos segmentos textuais, foi empregado o modelo CARS de SWALES (1990, 2004), desenvolvido inicialmente para analisar a estrutura organizacional de introduções científicas do gênero artigo. A prioridade da presente pesquisa foi a de identificar e localizar as estratégias que o autor da dissertação de mestrado utiliza, para apresentar seu próprio trabalho (movimento 3 de Swales). Devido à grande variação da sequência de estratégias retóricas não foi possível determinar um modelo organizacional claro dos textos nas duas línguas. Contudo, a descrição dos dados tornou possível a constatação de estratégias principais e secundárias empregadas na apresentação dos próprios trabalhos. Incluem-se entre as estratégias principais: a) a denominação do estabelecimento de metas, b) indicações sobre o método de procedimento, assim como c) indicações sobre a estrutura textual. Adicionalmente, é importante para os autores dos textos em questão indicar o que o trabalho não é capaz de realizar, uma estratégia não existente no modelo de Swales e que, para as introduções das dissertações de mestrado consideradas, é essencial. Contextos diferentes da produção (como, por exemplo, posições com graus hierárquicos distintos) conduzem a uma valorização diferente nas metas comunicativas, fazendo com que, por exemplo, o movimento 3 tenha um papel mais importante nas introduções de dissertações do que em artigos científicos, nos quais a revelação de uma lacuna de pesquisa é muito importante. Além da identificação e da organização de estratégias retóricas, também foi considerada a sua realização linguística e gramatical no alemão e no português, assim como examinado o emprego dos pronomes pessoais que indicam as autorreferências. Assim, objetivou-se verificar em que papéis acadêmicos o autor aparece em seus textos. Os fundamentos teóricos empregados foram fornecidos por HYLAND (2002), STEINHOFF (2007) e SCHMIDT (2010). Como resultado é possível afirmar que a) os autores dos textos em português não seguem um mesmo modelo no que concerne ao emprego de pronomes pessoais, b) nos textos em alemão o autor quase não aparece, fazendo com que as referências de autor sem a presença do agente predominem, e c) nos textos em português e em alemão o autor aparece predominantemente na função de autor, isto é, quando, por exemplo, aparecem indicações sobre a organização textual. Os resultados deste trabalho têm como meta servir de subsídio para a produção de material didático que forneça aos futuros mestrandos recursos para a elaboração de textos de introdução nas duas línguas. / This study explores the description and analysis of rhetorical strategies utilized in the content-related distribution and organization of textual segments of master theses introductions. For this purpose, introduction texts were taken from masters dissertations of the Institut für Deutsch als Fremdsprache/Transnationale Germanistik of the LMU of Munich and of the German Department at Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, each written in its respective national language: German and Portuguese. The corpus consists of 44 introductions. Due to the linguistic contrastive perspective, the findings of the contrastive rhetoric constitute the theoretical basis of this research, together with the genre analysis of socio-rhetoric orientation. In order to determine the distribution and disposal of the text segments, the CARS model by SWALES (1990, 2004) was employed. This model was initially developed to analyze the organizational structure of scientific introductions of research articles. The primary focus of this study is to identify and locate the strategies that each dissertation author uses to present its own work (Swales move 3). Due to a great variety of rhetoric sequences, it was not possible to determine a conclusive organizational structure of the texts in either language. However, a description of the data made it possible to determine primary and secondary strategies employed in the presentation of master theses. Primary strategies include: a) indication of goal setting, b) indications concerning the methodical procedure, as well as c) indications about the structure of the text. Furthermore, it is important for the authors to indicate what cannot be achieved, a strategy which is not considered by Swales in his model and which is essential for the analyzed introductions of masters dissertations. Different production contexts (as, for example, positions with different hierarchical degrees) lead to a different valuation of the communicative goals, having as a result that, for example, move three in master thesis introductions plays a more important role than in scientific articles, in which the indication of a research gap is of great importance. In addition to the identification and organization of rhetoric strategies, linguistic and grammatical use in German and Portuguese was also considered, as well as the use of personal pronouns that indicate references to the author depending on the agent. The intention was to verify in which academic rules the author appears in his texts. The theoretical fundamentals employed were based on HYLAND (2002), STEINHOFF (2007) and SCHMIDT (2010). As a result, it is possible to state that a) the authors of texts in Portuguese do not follow the same model concerning the use of personal pronouns, b) in the German text the authorial presence is frequently hidden behind passive forms c) in the Portuguese, as well as in the German texts, the author appears mainly in the rule of the agent, for example, when indications about the textual organization appear. The results of this work intend to serve as a basis for the production of didactic materials by providing instruments for future masters students to employ in the production of introduction texts in both languages.