Title: Analysis of percentage representation and success of various kinds of offensive hits in beach volleyball The aim of the work: The aim of the thesis is to find out the percentage success and representation of various offensive hits in the FIVB Beach volleyball World Tour series of men and women teams. Method: The research method was the observation of 24 videos during which I wrote down the necessary data in to a specially prepared chart. By observation and wrote down in to the chart has been gained necessary data for evaluation. Results: The results present the success and representaiton of various offensive hits in the men and women categories. They are summarized in text and charts. In addition, the results informed about the proportions of beach volleyball spike hits and beach volleyball technicals hits, or about representation of blocked offensive hits. The results also including comparison of individual performance levels in FIVB World Tour. Keywords: Beach volleyball, FIVB World Tour, offensive hit, hits analysis, gender comparsion

La position a priori anti-ottomane, élaborée par des philosophes comme Volney et Montesquieu, en Syrie a été largement partagée par les voyageurs du XIXe siècle et même complétée par l'ensemble des travaux réalisés tout au long du XIXe siècle. Ainsi, voyageurs scientifiques, philosophes, consuls, journalistes ou même poètes, se sont presque tous impliqués dans l'élaboration et la circulation des clichés et des idées reçues sur la Syrie et sur le système turc en Syrie perçu comme une tyrannie globale. Les voyageurs participent ainsi avec leurs écrits, directement ou indirectement, à pérenniser la vision du « despotisme oriental» élaborée par leurs prédécesseurs et relayée dans un premier temps par Volney. Celui-ci, à peine arrivé en Syrie en 1783, dénonçait la misère dont il rendait aussitôt responsables les Turcs. Les autres voyageurs ont presque tous fait le concept de despotisme oriental et ont approuvé dans leurs récits l'auteur du Voyage en Égypte et en Syrie. D'une manière générale, on comprend que l'espace syrien évoque aux voyageurs des souvenirs ancestraux et leur rappelle un passé aussi bien religieux qu'historique parfois très proche. Par là-même, la Syrie, exotique, mythique ou pittoresque, a représenté un intérêt tout particulier pour les voyageurs-écrivains, les touristes et les scientifiques en quête d'exotisme et d'un retour aux sources. / The a priori anti-Ottoman position, developed by philosophers such as Volney and Montesquieu, in Syria, was largely shared by travelers in the 19th century. This preconceived philosophy was reinforced and "completed" by the entire collection of works written throughout the 19th century. Traveling scientists, philosophers, consuls, journalists, and even poets were almost all involved in developing and circulating ideas and clichés regarding Syria and the idea that Turkish rule in Syria was tyrannous. Travelers, as well as their writings, directly or indirectly perpetuated the vision of "Oriental tyranny." This vision, developed by predecessors, was first communicated in writing by Volney. In 1783, he had barely just arrived in Syria, when he began denouncing the misery he encountered, forwhich he held Turkish officials immediately responsible. Other travelers almost all supported the idea of "Oriental Tyranny" and agreed with the author of Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie in their writings.Generally speaking, Syria makes travelers think of their forefathers and reminds them of the past (in both a historic and religious context) that is in reality not that distant from the present. Moreover, those in search of getting back to the basics and the exotic; traveling writers, tourists, and scientists, took a particular interest in the exotic, mythic or picturesque Syria.

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2014-07-11T16:22:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final.pdf: 4034469 bytes, checksum: 008523e424528c6fe991ef1a8eed844e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2014-07-11T16:56:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final.pdf: 4034469 bytes, checksum: 008523e424528c6fe991ef1a8eed844e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-11T16:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Final.pdf: 4034469 bytes, checksum: 008523e424528c6fe991ef1a8eed844e (MD5) / A presente tese tem como objeto de estudo o processo de mobilização e recontextualização dos saberes profissionais do Guia de Turismo em situação de trabalho. Busca compreender como os guias de turismo mobilizam seus saberes e os recontextualizam na prática profissional e quais significados associam a tais conhecimentos. A pesquisa realiza-se mediante uma abordagem qualitativa utilizando o método etnográfico que possibilita a análise e a compreensão dos acontecimentos, das práticas, das situações de imprevistos em passeios turísticos e em traslados no aeroporto. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são guias de turismo com classificação em Guia de Turismo Regional que atuam no Estado de Alagoas, devidamente cadastrados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo – EMBRATUR, nos termos da Lei no. 8623, de 28 de janeiro de 1993. Para a realização da pesquisa são utilizados os dispositivos entrevista aberta e observação participante. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo utilizam-se as categorias teóricas sobre recontextualização do conhecimento, reflexividade e saber profissional através de diversos olhares. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que em contexto de trabalho os guias de turismo mobilizam e recontextualizam três saberes fundamentais: Saber turístico; Saber comunicacional; Saber vender e negociar (comercializar). / ABSTRACT The object of this thesis is the process of mobilization and recontextualization of professional knowledge of Tourist Guides at a work situation. It aims to understand how tour guides mobilize their knowledge and recontextualizeitin professional practice and also aimed to understand which meanings a re associated with such knowledge.The research was developed through a qualitative approach using the ethnographic method that enables the analysis and understanding of events, practices, unexpected situations during tours and transfers from the airport. T he subjects of this research were tour guides with Regional Tourist Guide Classification, operating in the State of Alagoas, Brazil, fully registered by the Brazilian Institute of Tourism - EMBRATUR, under the Law no. 8623, created on January 28, 1993.In o rder to have the research developed, some techniques, such as open interviews and participant observation were used. To produce the results, several techniques were used, such as the theoretical categories of recontextualization of knowledge, reflexivity a nd professional knowledge through various views.The results showed that in their workplace, tour guides mobilize and recontextualize three fundamental types of knowledge: Tourist knowledge; Communication knowledge; Sell and Trade know - how (marketing).

abstract: This dissertation research contributes to the advancement of activity-based travel forecasting models along two lines of inquiry. First, the dissertation aims to introduce a continuous-time representation of activity participation in tour-based model systems in practice. Activity-based travel demand forecasting model systems in practice today are largely tour-based model systems that simulate individual daily activity-travel patterns through the prediction of day-level and tour-level activity agendas. These tour level activity-based models adopt a discrete time representation of activities and sequence the activities within tours using rule-based heuristics. An alternate stream of activity-based model systems mostly confined to the research arena are activity scheduling systems that adopt an evolutionary continuous-time approach to model activity participation subject to time-space prism constraints. In this research, a tour characterization framework capable of simulating and sequencing activities in tours along the continuous time dimension is developed and implemented using readily available travel survey data. The proposed framework includes components for modeling the multitude of secondary activities (stops) undertaken as part of the tour, the time allocated to various activities in a tour, and the sequence in which the activities are pursued. Second, the dissertation focuses on the implementation of a vehicle fleet composition model component that can be used not only to simulate the mix of vehicle types owned by households but also to identify the specific vehicle that will be used for a specific tour. Virtually all of the activity-based models in practice only model the choice of mode without due consideration of the type of vehicle used on a tour. In this research effort, a comprehensive vehicle fleet composition model system is developed and implemented. In addition, a primary driver allocation model and a tour-level vehicle type choice model are developed and estimated with a view to advancing the ability to track household vehicle usage through the course of a day within activity-based travel model systems. It is envisioned that these advances will enhance the fidelity of activity-based travel model systems in practice. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2014

Les légionelles sont un enjeu de santé publique majeur car ces bactéries sont responsables des cas de légionellose, parfois mortels. Les tours aéroréfrigérantes (TAR) peuvent être incriminées car pouvant potentiellement émettre des aérosols contaminés. Un traitement de désinfection de ces eaux est donc nécessaire. Cependant les techniques actuelles conduisent très souvent à des injections importantes de réactifs induisant des rejets écotoxiques dans l'environnement qu'il est nécessaire de limiter. L'application du traitement d'oxydation avancée H2O2/UV – considéré comme innovant pour ce domaine et dont l'impact environnemental est limité (décomposition du peroxyde d'hydrogène en eau et oxygène, peu de production de composés toxiques) – a prouvé son efficacité de désinfection à la fois au sein d'un pilote de laboratoire sur une eau reconstituée, chargée en microorganismes et matière organique, mais aussi lors du traitement de l'eau d'une TAR du secteur tertiaire. Les ultraviolets ont été appliqués de manière continue (10 à 22 J.cm-2 sur le pilote ; 2 à 7 J.cm-2 sur la TAR) avec le maintien d'un résiduel constant en peroxyde d'hydrogène (10 à 50 mg.L-1 sur le pilote ; 3 à 10 mg.L-1 sur la TAR). Sur le pilote de laboratoire, le traitement H2O2/UV a montré une efficacité supérieure à l'application des UV ou du peroxyde d'hydrogène seul. Des abattements plus importants sur les paramètres microbiologiques de l'eau et des biofilms (ATP, bactéries cultivables et totales) et une modification profonde de la matière organique (minéralisation) ont pu être observés. Il a ainsi été conservé les avantages de chaque technique (désinfection reconnue des UV et action bactéricide de H2O2), tout en limitant leurs inconvénients (absence de rémanence des UV, fortes concentrations nécessaires en H2O2) grâce à la génération de radicaux hydroxyles pouvant agir sur les microorganismes et la matière organique. L'étude sur une TAR a confirmé ces résultats et a montré de bonnes performances de désinfection en comparaison avec celles obtenues pour le dioxyde de chlore. Cependant, lors les phases d'optimisation des essais, une adaptation des bactéries au peroxyde d'hydrogène a été observée indiquant la nécessité d'un contrôle régulier de cet oxydant afin de maintenir un résiduel conséquent et d'éviter la mise en place d'une dérive du système. De plus, il a été montré que le traitement n'a eu qu'une faible action sur les produits de conditionnement de l'eau (antitartre, anticorrosion). Une rapide évaluation économique a permis de placer le couplage H2O2/UV dans le même ordre de grandeur que les traitements habituels. / Legionella is a major public health issue as they are responsible for Legionnaires' disease, which can be fatal. Cooling towers are often incriminated because of their potential emission of contaminated aerosols. A disinfection process for treating water is then necessary. However, current techniques often need high concentrations of chemical products which lead to ecotoxic releases into the environment. UV-H2O2 is an advanced oxidation process with a limited environmental impact (hydrogen peroxide decomposition into oxygen and water, low production of toxic compounds). It was shown that this method is an effective technique of disinfection both in a laboratory pilot on water charged with microorganisms and organic matter, and in the water treatment of a cooling tower (service sector). UV irradiation was applied continuously (10 – 22 J.cm-2 on the pilot; 2 – 7 J.cm-2 on the cooling tower) with a constant residual of hydrogen peroxide (10 to 50 mg.L-1 on the pilot; 3 to 10 mg.L-1 on the cooling tower). On the laboratory pilot, UV-H2O2 showed a higher efficacy than UV or hydrogen peroxide treatments applied alone. A more important reduction of microbiological parameters in water and biofilms (ATP, heterotrophic plate and total bacteria counts) and a deep change in organic matter (mineralization) were observed. The advantages of each process (both well-known UV disinfection and bactericidal action of H2O2) were selected by limiting their disadvantages (no residual with UV, need for high concentrations of H2O2) through the generation of hydroxyl radicals, acting on microorganisms and organic matter. The study on a cooling tower confirmed these results and showed good disinfection performances compared with those obtained for chlorine dioxide. However, the optimization phases of the treatment highlighted a bacterial adaptation to hydrogen peroxide. A monitoring of this oxidant is required in order to maintain a residual, and therefore to avoid a drift of the system. Besides, UV-H2O2 showed little effect on scale and corrosion inhibitors. A rapid economic assessment allowed to placing UV-H2O2 in the same order of magnitude as usual treatments.

The first aim was to define the market of travel agencies in the Czech Republic. Secondary data were used to discover trends including marketing trends and to compare Czech market with abroad markets. Next aim was to do an interview about financial crisis with travel agencies in Ceske Budejovice. Found out data were used for the next proposal. To be able to compete with German travel agencies Czech ones should initiate more chartered flights and adjust first minute and last minute benefits. To face up financial crisis travel agencies should have advantageous offers (different discounts, grant loans). It would be good to target the young people using the internet. Finally, the total number of travel agencies in the Czech Republic is supposed to decrease because big travel agencies are getting popular than small ones.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o ecoturismo. Buscou-se averiguar a existência de uma preocupação com a educação ambiental (e quais os princípios que a regem) nas atividades e pacotes ecoturísticos comercializados pelo mercado. Para atingir tal objetivo, procurou-se conhecer o termo ecoturismo a partir das perspectivas da cultura de consumo e da sociedade do espetáculo e sob tal enfoque discutir suas relações com temas como turismo e consumo, natureza e educação ambiental; buscou-se também identificar as bases filosóficas do trabalho ecoturístico (particularmente em sua relação com a questão da educação ambiental) desenvolvido pelas operadoras de tais atividades; e por fim, realizar crítica conceitual acerca das relações entre os assuntos abordados pela dissertação. Foram entrevistadas 03 operadoras do mercado ecoturístico e 03 pesquisadores de áreas relacionadas aos temas propostos. O texto da dissertação foi produzido a partir das informações obtidas por levantamento bibliográfico em diálogo com as opiniões obtidas nas entrevistas no trabalho de campo. Concluiu-se que o ecoturismo como atividade de mercado é pouco utilizado para a disseminação da consciência ambientalista por conta das operadoras terem uma visão da educação ambiental que a aproxima da educação formal e que tal característica não deve ser integrada às atividades turísticas momentos de diversão e lazer; constatou-se também que o ecoturismo é uma atividade que produz subjetividade consumista nos participantes do processo e reafirma o tempo espetacular do capital. / The present work aims to study the ecotourism. It has investigated the existence of a preoccupation with the environmental education (and its leading principles) in the activities and ecotourism packages traded on the market; to achieve such aim it has searched to understand the term ecotourism from the culture of consumption and society of the spectacle perspective, and under such view, to discuss its relation with themes such as tourism and consumption, nature and environmental education; It has searched to identify the philosophical basis of the ecotourism work (particularly in its relation with the environmental education matter) developed by the operators of such activities; and finally, to do a conceptual critic on the issues considered on this essay. 03 operators of the ecotourism market and 03 researchers of areas related to the theme here proposed were interviewed. This essay was written based on the information collected through bibliographic research and opinions gathered in the interviews on the field work. It was concluded that the ecotourism as a market activity isnt much used to spread the environmental awareness due to the fact that the operators have a view of environmental education close to a formal education and such characteristic shouldnt be integrated to the tourism activities fun moments and leisure; it was also noticed that the ecotourism is an activity that evokes consumption patterns among its participants and reassures the capital´s spectacular time.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-31T13:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 annebastosmartinsrosa.pdf: 1300025 bytes, checksum: 94087fe0e94865e6ef7bc6152cb12cee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-31T13:52:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 annebastosmartinsrosa.pdf: 1300025 bytes, checksum: 94087fe0e94865e6ef7bc6152cb12cee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T13:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 annebastosmartinsrosa.pdf: 1300025 bytes, checksum: 94087fe0e94865e6ef7bc6152cb12cee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O turismo de favela é uma modalidade que vem se expandindo com celeridade no mundo. Entretanto, poucas pesquisas foram conduzidas sobre o tema, em especial em relação à percepção do morador local que, na maioria das vezes, está distante dos processos de operacionalização e de venda do turismo em seu local de moradia. Trata-se, também, de prática baseada na assimetria de poder nas relações entre visitantes, visitados e agentes externos que exploram o turismo de favela. Estereótipos desfavoráveis cruzam-se no desenrolar do turismo de favela, que ocorre em local e em grupo social que são historicamente estigmatizados. O objetivo desse estudo é identificar se tais aspectos influenciam a percepção e o comportamento de moradores locais em relação ao turismo de favela. Quarenta e oito entrevistas, e observação sistematizada, foram conduzidas, entre setembro de 2015 e julho de 2016, nas favelas da Rocinha e Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro. Essas comunidades foram escolhidas porque que nelas o turismo de favela assume formatos diferentes. A análise, baseada em hermenêutica revelou que, em ambas as favelas, os moradores mostraram-se favoráveis ao turismo, mas com ressalvas em relação à sua exploração por agentes externos. Os relatos não sugeriram haver, por parte dos moradores, sentimentos de inferioridade nos encontros sociais com os turistas, a maioria de estrangeiros. Entretanto, na Rocinha, a maior parte dos entrevistados mostrou ressentimentos ao se sentirem invadidos e explorados por empresas de turismo estranhas à favela, confessando ter vergonha e inconformismo pela maneira como tais empresas procuram apresentar aos turistas muitos aspectos negativos, relacionados a estigmas de miséria e pobreza, mostrando deliberadamente a sujeira de valões de esgoto, a pobreza de moradores, emaranhados de fios de ligações clandestinas à rede elétrica e moradias precárias, assim desqualificando o local e seus moradores. / Favela tourism is an activity that has been expanding swiftly around the world. Despite this, little research has so far been conducted around this topic, especially in relation to the perception of the local resident, who, in most cases, stands apart from the processes of tourism implementation and sale in the area where he or she resides. The practice in question is also grounded in the power asymmetry that characterises relationships among the visitors, the visited and the external agents who benefit from favela tourism. Unflattering stereotypes are evoked as favela tourism takes place involving both areas and social groups historically stigmatised. The aim of this study is to identify whether such aspects have an impact on local residents’ perception and behaviour vis-à-vis favela tourism. Forty-eight interviews, as well as systematised observation, have been conducted between September, 2015 and July, 2016 at the favelas of Rocinha and Santa Marta, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These communities have been chosen because favela tourism takes different formats in them. The hermeneutics-based analysis has revealed that, in both favelas, residents take a favourable approach towards tourism, albeit with a few reservations to how it is explored by external agents. The accounts compiled do not indicate the presence of feelings of inferiority on the part of the residents during their social encounters with tourists, most of these from foreign countries. However, at Rocinha, most of the interviewees resent the feeling of invasiveness and exploitation by tourist companies with no connection to the favelas. These residents have confessed to feelings of shame and animosity towards the way in which these companies seek to introduce tourists to several negative aspects related to stigmas of poverty by deliberately pointing to the dirt building up over sewage channels, the poverty of residents, the mesh of illegal wiring connected to the electricity grid and the precariousness of homes, which contributes to the devaluation of both the area and its residents.

Lorsque nous parlons, nous bougeons nos mains, nous faisons des gestes. Les gestes aident à communiquer avec les autres mais aussi à mieux exprimer notre pensée. Les gestes et la parole sont donc deux dimensions qui s’intègrent dans un système de communication unifié, reposant sur des représentations cognitives communes : quand un locuteur produit un message, la plupart des informations qu’il veut partager est certes véhiculée par le discours, mais également par les gestes (McNeil, 1992). Parfois, cette information entre les gestes et la parole est non-concordante. Garbert et Goldin-Meadow (2002) ont montré que lorsque les participants expliquent leur résolution de la tâche de la Tour de Hanoï, ces non-concordances entre l’information transmise par les gestes et celle transmise par la parole, peuvent se produire soit aux moments incertains, preuve que les participants hésitent entre plusieurs stratégies de résolution soit aux moments-clés, indiquant la capacité à planifier deux stratégies de résolution, l’une par les gestes, l’autre par la parole. La planification à travers les « mismatches » gestes-parole n’a pas été étudié malgré les nombreuses recherches de Goldin-Meadow à ce sujet. Nous avons mené une étude en Colombie auprès de 144 participants issus de deux milieux socio-économiques contrastés. Nous avons tenté de combler cette lacune en étudiant les effets de l’âge, du milieu socio-économique et de la complexité de la tâche de la Tour de Hanoï sur les non-concordances gestes-paroles lors des explications anticipant sa résolution. Nos résultats suggèrent l’existence d’un effet de la complexité de la tâche et des effets limités de l’âge et du milieu socio-économique. / When we speak, we move our hands, we make gestures. Gestures help to communicate with others but also to better express our thoughts. Gestures and speech are two dimensions that are part of a unified system of communication based on shared cognitive representations: when a speaker produces a message, most of the information he wants to share is certainly conveyed by speech, but also by gestures (McNeil, 1992). Sometimes this information between gestures and speech is discordant. Goldin-Meadow and Garbert (2002) showed that when participants explain their resolution of the Tower of Hanoi task, the mismatch between the information conveyed by the gesture and the information transmitted orally, may occur either at key moments, indicating the ability to provide two problem-solving strategies, or at uncertain times, showing that participants are torn between several solving strategies. We conducted a study in Colombia among to 144 participants from two contrasting socio-economic backgrounds. The study of the development of planning through the gesture-speech "mismatch" remains understudied despite wide research conducted by Goldin-Meadow. We tried to fill this gap by examining the effects of age, socio-economic background and the complexity of the Tower of Hanoi task upon gesture-speech “mismatches” regarding explanations anticipating the resolution. Our results suggest the existence of an effect of the complexity of the task and limited age and socio-economic background effects.

The diploma thesis is dedicated to tourism. It examines historical development and legal framework of tourism, attemps to discuss the accounting, tax and tour prices calculation. The focus is nevertheless on accounting of the arrangement of sale of tours with the posibility of comission capturing, accounting of advances or cancellation fees, accounting transactions denominated in foreign currencies or vouchers viewing. It describes value-added tax as well as income tax. Attention is paid to the company Čedok in order to show some areas of financial statement of this company together with general accounting principles. The thesis is accompanied by several examples, tables and graphs.