This thesis explores how non-visual modalities, especially gestures, can be utilized to enhance User Experience, taking as a probe an existing multi-screen, cross-device system.  In the first Chapters of the thesis a theory on cross-device systems is  being reviewed for the existing design frameworks, principles and practices, and a case study to further investigation of challenges and issues occurring in a chosen cross-device system is conducted.  As a conclusion of both theoretical and empirical research, the pivotal change in the design approach is made. The design opportunity focuses on exploring non-visual modalities in the context of the above-mentioned cross-device system.  As a result of design activities, especially the co-creation session, gesture taxonomy is proposed. Gestures are described and documented in order to contribute to the field of HCI and to become an inspiration for designers aiming to design for cross-device systems beyond the screens.

Bakgrund: Då ett barn får uppleva uppmuntran, bekräftelse, positiva och kärleksfulla känslor från sina föräldrar lägger det grunden för utveckling av en god interaktion mellan barn och förälder. Barns skärmanvändning har under de senaste åren ökat och tiden för familjens interaktioner får ge vika.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa skärmtidens påverkan på barns interaktion med sina föräldrar. Samt frågeställningarna: Vilken betydelse har interaktionen för barns mående och utveckling? Hur kan skärmtid formas till långsiktigt hållbara vanor med stöd av barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskan? Metod: Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en systematisk litteraturstudie. Litteratur  har sökts i databasen Cinahl. Tretton artiklar från de tio senaste åren inkluderades i syntesen. Resultat: Analysen av det insamlade materialet gav de tre kategorierna; Påverkan på den sociala interaktionen, Negativ påverkan på barnets utveckling samt Barnhälsovårdens roll. Inom dessa kategorier identifierades subkategorierna; Barns skärmtid påverkar interaktionen, Föräldrars skärmtid påverkar barnet, Sömnbrist och stress, Försenad språkutveckling, Stöd till hållbar skärmtid samt Intervention till hållbara vanor. Slutsats: Denna studie visar vikten av föräldrars ansvar gentemot sitt barn. Ansvar för att ge sitt barn de bästa grunder och förutsättningarna till långsiktigt, hälsosamt mående. Skärmtiden i sig kan ses som mindre farlig, under förutsättning att den inte blir för lång och ensidig utan att föräldrarna deltar i aktiviteten. Det väsentliga är hur barnet mår, hur matintaget ser ut, tid för utomhuslek, läxläsning, sociala kontakter och sömnvanor. / Background: When a child receives encouragement, confirmation and positive, loving feelings from his parents, it provides the basis for the development of good interaction, between child and parent. Children's screen use has increased in recent years and the time for family interactions has decreased. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to shed light on the impact of screen time on children's interaction with their parents. And the questions: What significance does the interaction have for children's mood? How can screen time be shaped into long-term sustainable habits with the support of the child health care nurse’s? Method: The study was conducted using a systematic literature study. Results: The analysis of the collected material yielded the three categories; Impact on social interaction, Negative impact on the child's development and the role of child health care. Within these categories, the subcategories were identified; Children's screen time affects the interaction, Parents' screen time affects the child, Sleep deprivation and stress, Delayed language development, Support for sustainable screen time and Intervention for sustainable habits. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of parents' responsibility for their child. Specifically, responsibility for giving your child the best foundations and conditions for a long-term, healthy mood. The screen time itself can be seen as harmless, as long as the child's mood is monitored.

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have garnered much interest due to their electrocatalytic activity towards important reactions such as the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. N-doped carbon materials are typically prepared and deposited on solid conductive supports, which can sometimes involve time-consuming, complex, and/or costly procedures. Here, nitrogen-doped screen-printed carbon electrodes (N-SPCEs) were fabricated directly from a lab-formulated ink composed of graphite that was modified with surface nitrogen groups by a simple soft nitriding technique. N-SPCEs prepared from inexpensive starting materials (graphite powder and urea) demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction. Amperometric detection of H2O2 using N-SPCEs with an applied potential of −0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) exhibited good reproducibility and stability as well as a reasonable limit of detection (2.5 µM) and wide linear range (0.020 to 5.3 mM).

Screen printed electrodes (SPEs), which are prepared by patterning conductive inks or pastes onto an insulating support (e.g., plastic film), are widely employed as sensing and biosensing platforms due to their ease of fabrication and relatively low cost. This is especially applicable to electrodes of this nature prepared with carbon-based inks (SPCEs). To date, the most successful and significant commercial application of SPEs has been as test strips for glucose meters. Despite the maturity of this technology, SPE research remains very active as improvements in sensitivity and selectivity, which often involve modifying the electrode surface, hold the key to advancing their utility in routine applications and extending their benefits to other target analytes. Recent studies in the Bishop research group have demonstrated that nitrogen-doped SPCEs (N-SPCEs) exhibit enhanced electrochemical response towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a product of oxidase enzyme (e.g., glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, etc.) reactions and a common target in biosensing strategies. The presence of nitrogen heteroatoms on the carbon surface facilitates breakage of oxygen-oxygen bonds, a key step in reduction of H2O2. Since previous studies showed only modest incorporation of nitrogen species on SPCEs prepared from commercial ink, these studies aim to investigate the possibility of enhancing N-doping by performing a simple pre-treatment strategy that reportedly increases surface oxygen content of SPCEs prior to N-doping. Since surface oxygen sites have been previously reported to be preferentially modified with nitrogen during N doping strategies, this seems like a promising technique for improving sensitivity of N-SPCEs for H2O2 reduction. To quantify the actuality of these claims, experimental groups were fabricated having undergone no enhancement, pretreatment enhancement only, nitrogen-doping enhancement only, and a combination of the pretreatment and nitrogen-doping enhancements. Here the electrochemical behaviors of pretreated SPCEs, N-SPCEs, and pretreated N-SPCEs for the detection of H2O2 by completing comparative cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments with and without the presence of H2O2 and with it present in varying concentrations is compared. It is projected that, if successful, the fabricated electrodes that have undergone both the pretreatment protocol and the nitrogen-doping process will have an increased sensitivity and detection limit towards H2O2.

The screenplay (creative production component) follows Sunny, a young South African Indian woman, who relocates to Cape Town to study fine art. She sets her eyes on a significant award, but makes the critical mistake of falling for her greatest rival. Despite facing crippling cultural expectations and biases, Sunny discovers that being different - and loving who she wants to love - is not a crime, but an imperfect truth. The screenplay explores the protagonist's first year at university, complicated by questions of identity, race, gender, sexuality and their intersection with tradition and culture in contemporary South Africa. Taking the form of a coming-of-age Indie drama (with an artistic twist), the main character embarks on a journey of self-discovery and learning, as she confronts these challenges. The reflective creative explication serves as an accompaniment to the screenplay. It is used to expound upon the creative process of writing the screenplay: highlighting key scenes, beats and decisions whilst interrogating the theoretical frameworks surrounding representations of ‘othered' groups - specifically queer womxn of colour - and their perception in society, aided by the lens of personal lived experience. This is followed by a review of the Indie and coming-of-age genres, in which the screenplay operates. The piece acts as a critical reflection intended to contextualise and justify the creative decisions made in the screenplay, so as to provide a means of accessing the larger themes and concerns at hand.

Screen printed electrodes (SPEs), which are prepared by patterning conductive inks or pastes onto an insulating support (e.g., plastic film), are widely employed as sensing and biosensing platforms due to their ease of fabrication and relatively low cost. This is especially applicable to electrodes of this nature prepared with carbon-based inks (SPCEs). To date, the most successful and significant commercial application of SPEs has been as test strips for glucose meters. Despite the maturity of this technology, SPE research remains very active as improvements in sensitivity and selectivity, which often involve modifying the electrode surface, hold the key to advancing their utility in routine applications and extending their benefits to other target analytes. Recent studies in the Bishop research group have demonstrated that nitrogen-doped SPCEs (N-SPCEs) exhibit enhanced electrochemical response towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a product of oxidase enzyme (e.g., glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, etc.) reactions and a common target in biosensing strategies. The presence of nitrogen heteroatoms on the carbon surface facilitates breakage of oxygen-oxygen bonds, a key step in reduction of H2O2. Since previous studies showed only modest incorporation of nitrogen species on SPCEs prepared from commercial ink, these studies aim to investigate the possibility of enhancing N-doping by performing a simple pre-treatment strategy that reportedly increases surface oxygen content of SPCEs prior to N-doping. Since surface oxygen sites have been previously reported to be preferentially modified with nitrogen during N-doping strategies, this seems like a promising technique for improving sensitivity of N-SPCEs for H2O2 reduction. To quantify the actuality of these claims, experimental groups were fabricated having undergone no enhancement, pretreatment enhancement only, nitrogen-doping enhancement only, and a combination of the pretreatment and nitrogen-doping enhancements. Here the electrochemical behaviors of pretreated SPCEs, N-SPCEs, and pretreated N-SPCEs for the detection of H2O2 by completing comparative cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments with and with out the presence of H2O2 and with it present in varying concentrations is compared. It is projected that, if successful, the fabricated electrodes that have undergone both the pretreatment protocol and the nitrogen-doping process will have an increased sensitivity and detection limit towards H2O2.

Axelsson C & Salminen M. Barns påverkan av skärmtid. En systematisk litteraturstudie. Magisteruppsats i pediatrisk omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2019.Bakgrund: Skärmtid har ökat explosionsartat den senaste tiden och kan ses som en naturlig del av vardagen i alla åldrar. Barnsjuksköterskor inom barnhälsovården träffar flera olika barn och föräldrar, och numera ingår även skärmtid som en del av det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Barn som går på BVC befinner sig i en känslig utvecklingsfas där många olika funktioner, fysiska som psykiska formas. Av den anledningen är det viktigt att kunskapen kring skärmtids påverkan på barn i denna ålder ökar.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur barns hälsa påverkas av skärmtid.Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie som baserades på 15 artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Databassökningen gjordes i Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo genom olika sökblock. Studierna granskades med SBU:s granskningsmall för observationsstudier. Resultaten analyserades och presenterades i tabellform samt deskriptiv form.Resultat: Resultatet som framkom kunde ses utifrån olika hälsoperspektiv relaterat till barns skärmtid vilka var sömn, beteende och kognitiv utveckling samt BMI och kardiometabolisk påverkan. En negativ påverkan identifierades på barns sömn, beteende och kognitiva funktion samt även ett förhöjt BMI. Däremot sågs ingen kardiometabolisk påverkan.Konklusion: Det finns flera samband mellan barns skärmtid och hälsa vilket är en viktig aspekt att förhålla sig till som barnsjuksköterska inom barnhälsovården. Genom att samtala med föräldrar och barn om skärmtid kan hälsan förbättras.Nyckelord: Barnhälsa, hälsa, förskolebarn, media, spädbarn, tv / Axelsson C & Salminen M. Children's influence of screen time. A systematic literature study. Master's thesis in pediatric nursing 15 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Health Care Sciences, 2019.Background: Screen time has increased explosively lately and can be seen as a natural part of the everyday life of all ages. Pediatric nurses in child health care meet several different children and parents, and nowdays screen time is as part of the health promotion work. Children who attend the BVC are in a sensitive development phase where many different functions, physical and mental, are formed. For this reason, it is important that the knowledge of screen time affects children of this age increases.Aim: The aim of the literature study was to investigate how children's health is affected by screen time.Method: A systematic literature study based on 15 articles with a quantitative approach. The database search was done in Cinahl, PubMed and PsycInfo through various search blocks. The studies were examined with SBU's review template for observation studies. The results were analyzed and presented in tabular and in descriptive form.Result: Three different themes in relation to children's screen time were reported in the result which were sleep, behaviour and cognitive development as well as BMI and cardiometabolic influence. A negative impact was identified on children's sleep, behaviour and cognitive function as well as an elevated BMI. However, no cardiometabolic effect was seen.Conclusion: There are several connections between children's screen time and health, which is an important aspect to relate to as a pediatric nurse in child health care. By talking to parents and children about screens, health can be improved.Keywords: child health, health, infants, preschool children, television, media.

This work is a proposal for an alternative approach to working with print, making the printing process a key element within designing. It is an investigation into flat garment construction between fabric layers, as this enables for the printing to be used in place of sewing. Additionally, working with multiple textile layers connects with the reference of the peeling wallpaper, which is used as a base for material and form developments. The aim of the work is to develop a more holistic approach and new expressions in garment-making in relation to the application of printing processes within textile layers. The main objective is to present a new perspective of the relationship between garment pattern and print, bringing the later forward. Not only does the surface print, through the interaction of colour and texture provide an important element in terms of creating expression, but it additionally acts as a construction element. Moreover, by using the process of printing to create form the element of print becomes integrated into the process of garment-making.

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have garnered much interest due to their abilities to behave as electrocatalysts for reactions important in energy production (oxygen reduction) and biosensing (hydrogen peroxide reduction). Here, we demonstrate fabrication methods and determine electrocatalytic properties of nitrogen-doped screen-printed carbon (N-SPCE) electrodes. Nitrogen doping of graphite was achieved through a simple soft-nitriding technique which was then used in lab-formulated screen-printing inks to prepare N-SPCEs. N-SPCEs displayed good electrocatalytic activity, reproducibility and long term stability towards the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide. N-SPCEs exhibited a wide linear range (20 µM to 5.3 mM), reasonable limit of detection of 2.5 µM, with an applied potential of -0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). We also demonstrate that nitrided-graphite can similarly be used as a platform for the deposition of electrocatalytic platinum nanoparticles, resulting in Pt-N-SPCEs with a lower limit of detection (0.4 µM) and better sensitivity (0.52 µA cm-2 µM-1) towards H2O2 reduction.

This study aims to examine how greyscale affects the screen time on smartphones and in what way it influences the user experience on the social media applications Facebook and Instagram. The use of social media applications is constantly increasing which has resulted in negative effects like difficulties with concentration and attention among individuals. Color can be used to make objects salient and draw attention to it. Color can also be used to affect the user experience through aesthetic aspects and the feelings that are connected to the interface. How greyscale affects the screen time on social media was investigated through a quantitative experiment that measured the screen time of the participants. The experiment was followed by an interview with the purpose to examine the participants’ user experience of the interface in greyscale with focus on aesthetic, emotional and functional aspects. The results show that color has importance for the way users are using social media, how long they tend to use the applications and that the screen time is reduced significantly when social media are used on a smartphone in greyscale. Further, the results also indicate that the user experience is affected by the absence of color. Aesthetic and emotional factors were the most affected by the change to greyscale. Functional factors were also affected by the removal of the colors on the interface, but not to the same extent, as the participants already knew how to use the applications.