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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Ingestão alimentar, homocisteína e proteoma plasmático no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil / Food intake, homocysteine and plasma proteomic in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Roberta Garcia Salomão 05 August 2016 (has links)
Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença multisistêmica crônica e autoimune de etiologia desconhecida. O LES é considerado um fator de risco independente para eventos cardiovasculares em qualquer faixa etária. A coexistência de fatores de risco tradicionais e não tradicionais (alto nível plasmático de homocisteína) são as causas para o risco do desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em portadores de LES. A hiperhomocisteinemia é considerada um fator de risco independente para DCV e cerebrovasculares e tem como causas fatores nutricionais, genéticos e fisiológicos. Proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade (hs-PCR), fator de necrose tumoral-? (TNF- ?), interferon ?, MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein- 1) e leptina tem sido descritos como importantes biomarcadores para DCV. Por outro lado, adiponectina e grelina tem sido retratadas como potentes protetores contra o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Parâmetros antropométricos aumentados também podem estar associados ao risco de DCV como aumento da espessura da camada íntima da carótida. O processo de inflamação crônica existente no LES está diretamente associado a alterações no perfil lipídico e no metabolismo de lipoproteínas. Análises em larga escala dos perfis de expressão de proteínas estão se tornando uma importante ferramenta na investigação de várias patologias associadas a resposta autoimune. Objetivos: Descrever e comparar medidas antropométricas, ingestão alimentar e proteoma plasmático em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) e controles saudáveis. Comparar metabólitos e antropometria entre dois clusters metabólicos de pacientes com LESJ (Lúpus Melhor Perfil Metabólico - LMPM e Lúpus Pior Perfil Metabólico - LPPM) e um cluster com controles saudáveis (Controle Melhor Perfil Metabólico) e, também, em dois clusters de pacientes com LESJ definidos pela dose diária de corticoide administrada. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 19 adolescentes portadoras de LESJ e 39 controles saudáveis. Foram mensurados índice de massa corporal (IMC), peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), ingestão alimentar (Recordatório de 24 horas), SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína, vitamina B12, 6 folato, TNF-?, hs-PCR, MCP-1, adiponectina, leptina, grelina, perfil lipídico e proteoma plasmático pela técnica Shotgun proteomics com Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation. Os grupos foram comparados por ANCOVA. k-cluster foi usado para separar LESJ e controles em dois clusters extremos de melhor e pior perfil metabólico de acordo com os níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína, TNF-?, hsPCR e folato para a análise da proteômica. Resultados: Pacientes com LESJ apresentaram maior IMC, CC, homocisteína, triglicérides, TNF-?, hsPCR e menor folato plasmático quando comparados ao grupo controle. Foram encontradas 10 proteínas com expressão significativamente diferente entre os clusters: Cluster Lúpus Melhor Perfil Metabólico (LMPM), Cluster Lúpus Pior Perfil Metabólico (LPPM) e Cluster Controle Melhor Perfil Metabólico (CMPM) (? -2-macroglobulina, ? -1-antitripsina, apoliproteína AI, apoliproteína E, ceruloplasmina, complemento C3, fibrinogênio de cadeia ?, haptoglobina, hemopexina e sorotransferrina). Oito proteínas foram mais expressas no LMPM e menos expressas no LPPM comparados com CMPM. As proteínas menos expressas no LPPM foram negativamente correlacionadas com maior risco para DCV. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que as adolescentes com LESJ apresentaram maior IMC, circunferência da cintura, concentrações séricas de homocisteína, triglicérides, TNF-?, hs-PCR e, menor estatura e concentração de folato sérico quando comparadas com adolescentes saudáveis. Além disso, o cluster LPPM apresentou uma expressão diminuída das proteínas apolipoproteína AI, apolipoproteína E, alfa-2- macroglobulina, alfa-1-antitripsina, ceruloplasmina, complemento C3, hemopexina e sorotransferrina quando comparado aos clusters CMPM e LMPM. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que o presente estudo sinaliza possíveis complicações cardiovasculares futuras em pacientes com LESJ e, sugerem a necessidade de novos estudos, a fim de elucidar a interação do estado nutricional e das proteínas encontradas pela proteômica no contexto de sistemas biológicos em pacientes com LESJ. / Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a, autoimmune, chronic and inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. SLE is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases at any age. Reasons for the increased risk of CVD in SLE include the co-existence of traditional cardiac risk factors and nontraditional risk factors such as high concentrations of homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels is considered an independent risk factor for CVD. Hiperhomocysteine can indicate undernourishment due to a lack of vitamins or genetic alterations. Inflammatory biomarkers have been consistently associated with the presence of CVD in multiple studies from different populations, including SLE, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor - ? (TNF - ?), type I interferon (IFN), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and leptin. On the other hand, some cytokines and hormones are related to atherosclerosis prevention, such as adiponectin and ghrelin. The existing chronic inflammation process in SLE is directly associated with changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Some comprehensive studies have been conducted at multiple biological levels including DNA (or genomics), mRNA (or transcriptomics), protein (or proteomics) and metabolites (or metabolomics). The \'omics\' platforms allow us to re-examine SLE at a greater degree of molecular resolution. Objectives: To describe and compare anthropometric measurements, food intake, metabolites and plasma proteomic analysis in child-hood onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) and healthy controls. To compare metabolites and anthropometric parameters between two clusters with c-SLE (lupus cluster with the best - LCBMP and the worst metabolic profile - LCWMP) and one cluster with controls (healthy cluster with the best metabolic profile - HCBMP) and to compare metabolites and anthropometric parameters between two clusters of c-SLE patients defined by daily corticosteroid doses intake. Methods: 19 c-SLE and 39 healthy volunteers were recruited. We evaluated BMI, weight, height, waist circumference, food intake through a 24-hours recalls, SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), SLICC, serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, 8 folate, TNF-?, hs-C reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, lipid profile and plasma proteomic by Shotgun proteomics with Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation. The groups were compared by ANCOVA. k-cluster were used to separate SLE and control groups into two different clusters with the best and the worst metabolic profile according to homocysteine, TNF-?, hsCRP and folate plasma levels for proteomic assessment. Results: SLE patients presented higher BMI, WC, homocysteine, triglycerides, TNF-?, hsCRP levels and lower plasma folate when compared to controls. We found 10 proteins with significantly different expression between healthy cluster with the best metabolic profile (HCBMP) and lupus cluster with the best (LCBMP) and the worst metabolic profile (LCWMP) (alpha-2- macroglobulin; alpha-1-antitripsin, apoliprotein AI, apoliprotein E, ceruloplasmin, complement C3, fibrinogen ? chain, haptoglobin, hemopexin and serum transferrin). Eight proteins were higher expressed in LCBMP and lower expressed in LCWMP compared with HCBMP. Proteins less expressed in LCWMP were negatively correlated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Our results described some previously cardiovascular risk factors in c-SLE patients and possible associations between nutritional status and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Proteomic results showed acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory proteins more expressed in c-SLE patients compared to controls. These results might allow us to treat c-SLE with personalized diets to avoid cardiovascular complications in future. The small sample size and the cross-sectional design were the limitations of the study, but it is a rare disease in the pediatric field and, despite this fact, the present study was able to characterize two distinct nutritional and metabolic groups with uncommon proteins expressed. These results deserve further investigations to better elucidate the whole of these proteins in the context of systems biology interactions in SLE pediatric patients.
242

Aquisição de onsets complexos por crianças de dois a cinco anos: um estudo longitudinal com base na teoria da otimidade

Staudt, Letícia Bello 26 September 2008 (has links)
Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-13T11:54:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 aquisicao_onsets.pdf: 652262 bytes, checksum: 861016c9e4c45527818887574b6b636b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-13T11:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aquisicao_onsets.pdf: 652262 bytes, checksum: 861016c9e4c45527818887574b6b636b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a aquisição de onsets complexos por crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico normal, entre as idades de 2 e 5 anos, aproximadamente, embasando-se na Teoria da Otimidade. Por ser a última estrutura estabilizada no sistema lingüístico da criança, a seqüência CCV merece discussão sobre as peculiaridades de sua aquisição, visto que estruturas mais simples, como V e CV já fazem parte do sistema fonológico de crianças entre as idades de 1:0 e 1:4. A pesquisa conta com a descrição do percurso de aquisição da sílaba complexa por oito informantes, cujos dados fazem parte de investigações desenvolvidas na UNISINOS. Diante desses dados, tecem-se considerações sobre as produções que não evidenciaram a forma alvo (CCV) e sobre os contextos favoráveis à sua realização. São feitas, ainda, comparações com estudos já realizados, como os de Magalhães (2000), Ávila (2000), Ribas (2002) e Redmer (2007), entre outros. Destaca-se que, de acordo com os dados analisados, os sujeitos evidenciam duas etapas durante a aquisição da estrutura CCV: produção C1V >> produção C1C2V. A análise deste percurso como base na Teoria da Otimidade mostra seu grande poder explicativo. Este estudo, então, pretende contribuir com reflexões sobre a aquisição da fonologia por crianças de 2 a 5 anos, valendo-se da Teoria da Otimidade, além de trazer informações sobre fenômenos normalmente observados na linguagem infantil. / This paper proposes reflections about language acquisition from children with normal phonologic development, between the ages of 2 and 5, based on Optimality Theory. For being the last structure stabilized in the child linguistic system, the sequence CCV leads to a reflection on the peculiarities of its acquisition, since simpler structures, as V and CV, already are part of the children phonologic system between the age of 1:0 and 1:4. The research describes the complex syllable acquisition by eight informers that are part of researches realized at UNISINOS. It made considerations about outputs that had not evidenced the right form and about the favorable contexts to the correct speech of complex onset. There are also comparisons with studies already done, like Magalhães (2000), Avila (2000), Ribas (2002) and Redmer (2007), among others. According to the analyzed data, the children show two steps during the structure CCV acquisition: production C1V >> production C1C2V. These reflections based on Optimality Theory showed its great explaining power. Then, this study wants to contribute with reflections about the language acquisition for children by 2 to 5, based on Optimality Theory, beyond brings information about phenomena observed on children language.
243

Ingestão alimentar, homocisteína e proteoma plasmático no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil / Food intake, homocysteine and plasma proteomic in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Salomão, Roberta Garcia 05 August 2016 (has links)
Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença multisistêmica crônica e autoimune de etiologia desconhecida. O LES é considerado um fator de risco independente para eventos cardiovasculares em qualquer faixa etária. A coexistência de fatores de risco tradicionais e não tradicionais (alto nível plasmático de homocisteína) são as causas para o risco do desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em portadores de LES. A hiperhomocisteinemia é considerada um fator de risco independente para DCV e cerebrovasculares e tem como causas fatores nutricionais, genéticos e fisiológicos. Proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade (hs-PCR), fator de necrose tumoral-? (TNF- ?), interferon ?, MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein- 1) e leptina tem sido descritos como importantes biomarcadores para DCV. Por outro lado, adiponectina e grelina tem sido retratadas como potentes protetores contra o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Parâmetros antropométricos aumentados também podem estar associados ao risco de DCV como aumento da espessura da camada íntima da carótida. O processo de inflamação crônica existente no LES está diretamente associado a alterações no perfil lipídico e no metabolismo de lipoproteínas. Análises em larga escala dos perfis de expressão de proteínas estão se tornando uma importante ferramenta na investigação de várias patologias associadas a resposta autoimune. Objetivos: Descrever e comparar medidas antropométricas, ingestão alimentar e proteoma plasmático em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) e controles saudáveis. Comparar metabólitos e antropometria entre dois clusters metabólicos de pacientes com LESJ (Lúpus Melhor Perfil Metabólico - LMPM e Lúpus Pior Perfil Metabólico - LPPM) e um cluster com controles saudáveis (Controle Melhor Perfil Metabólico) e, também, em dois clusters de pacientes com LESJ definidos pela dose diária de corticoide administrada. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 19 adolescentes portadoras de LESJ e 39 controles saudáveis. Foram mensurados índice de massa corporal (IMC), peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), ingestão alimentar (Recordatório de 24 horas), SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína, vitamina B12, 6 folato, TNF-?, hs-PCR, MCP-1, adiponectina, leptina, grelina, perfil lipídico e proteoma plasmático pela técnica Shotgun proteomics com Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation. Os grupos foram comparados por ANCOVA. k-cluster foi usado para separar LESJ e controles em dois clusters extremos de melhor e pior perfil metabólico de acordo com os níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína, TNF-?, hsPCR e folato para a análise da proteômica. Resultados: Pacientes com LESJ apresentaram maior IMC, CC, homocisteína, triglicérides, TNF-?, hsPCR e menor folato plasmático quando comparados ao grupo controle. Foram encontradas 10 proteínas com expressão significativamente diferente entre os clusters: Cluster Lúpus Melhor Perfil Metabólico (LMPM), Cluster Lúpus Pior Perfil Metabólico (LPPM) e Cluster Controle Melhor Perfil Metabólico (CMPM) (? -2-macroglobulina, ? -1-antitripsina, apoliproteína AI, apoliproteína E, ceruloplasmina, complemento C3, fibrinogênio de cadeia ?, haptoglobina, hemopexina e sorotransferrina). Oito proteínas foram mais expressas no LMPM e menos expressas no LPPM comparados com CMPM. As proteínas menos expressas no LPPM foram negativamente correlacionadas com maior risco para DCV. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que as adolescentes com LESJ apresentaram maior IMC, circunferência da cintura, concentrações séricas de homocisteína, triglicérides, TNF-?, hs-PCR e, menor estatura e concentração de folato sérico quando comparadas com adolescentes saudáveis. Além disso, o cluster LPPM apresentou uma expressão diminuída das proteínas apolipoproteína AI, apolipoproteína E, alfa-2- macroglobulina, alfa-1-antitripsina, ceruloplasmina, complemento C3, hemopexina e sorotransferrina quando comparado aos clusters CMPM e LMPM. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que o presente estudo sinaliza possíveis complicações cardiovasculares futuras em pacientes com LESJ e, sugerem a necessidade de novos estudos, a fim de elucidar a interação do estado nutricional e das proteínas encontradas pela proteômica no contexto de sistemas biológicos em pacientes com LESJ. / Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a, autoimmune, chronic and inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. SLE is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases at any age. Reasons for the increased risk of CVD in SLE include the co-existence of traditional cardiac risk factors and nontraditional risk factors such as high concentrations of homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels is considered an independent risk factor for CVD. Hiperhomocysteine can indicate undernourishment due to a lack of vitamins or genetic alterations. Inflammatory biomarkers have been consistently associated with the presence of CVD in multiple studies from different populations, including SLE, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor - ? (TNF - ?), type I interferon (IFN), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and leptin. On the other hand, some cytokines and hormones are related to atherosclerosis prevention, such as adiponectin and ghrelin. The existing chronic inflammation process in SLE is directly associated with changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Some comprehensive studies have been conducted at multiple biological levels including DNA (or genomics), mRNA (or transcriptomics), protein (or proteomics) and metabolites (or metabolomics). The \'omics\' platforms allow us to re-examine SLE at a greater degree of molecular resolution. Objectives: To describe and compare anthropometric measurements, food intake, metabolites and plasma proteomic analysis in child-hood onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) and healthy controls. To compare metabolites and anthropometric parameters between two clusters with c-SLE (lupus cluster with the best - LCBMP and the worst metabolic profile - LCWMP) and one cluster with controls (healthy cluster with the best metabolic profile - HCBMP) and to compare metabolites and anthropometric parameters between two clusters of c-SLE patients defined by daily corticosteroid doses intake. Methods: 19 c-SLE and 39 healthy volunteers were recruited. We evaluated BMI, weight, height, waist circumference, food intake through a 24-hours recalls, SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), SLICC, serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, 8 folate, TNF-?, hs-C reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, lipid profile and plasma proteomic by Shotgun proteomics with Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation. The groups were compared by ANCOVA. k-cluster were used to separate SLE and control groups into two different clusters with the best and the worst metabolic profile according to homocysteine, TNF-?, hsCRP and folate plasma levels for proteomic assessment. Results: SLE patients presented higher BMI, WC, homocysteine, triglycerides, TNF-?, hsCRP levels and lower plasma folate when compared to controls. We found 10 proteins with significantly different expression between healthy cluster with the best metabolic profile (HCBMP) and lupus cluster with the best (LCBMP) and the worst metabolic profile (LCWMP) (alpha-2- macroglobulin; alpha-1-antitripsin, apoliprotein AI, apoliprotein E, ceruloplasmin, complement C3, fibrinogen ? chain, haptoglobin, hemopexin and serum transferrin). Eight proteins were higher expressed in LCBMP and lower expressed in LCWMP compared with HCBMP. Proteins less expressed in LCWMP were negatively correlated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Our results described some previously cardiovascular risk factors in c-SLE patients and possible associations between nutritional status and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Proteomic results showed acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory proteins more expressed in c-SLE patients compared to controls. These results might allow us to treat c-SLE with personalized diets to avoid cardiovascular complications in future. The small sample size and the cross-sectional design were the limitations of the study, but it is a rare disease in the pediatric field and, despite this fact, the present study was able to characterize two distinct nutritional and metabolic groups with uncommon proteins expressed. These results deserve further investigations to better elucidate the whole of these proteins in the context of systems biology interactions in SLE pediatric patients.
244

Estudo clínico e epidemiológico das apresentações iniciais de pacientes com transtorno afetivo bipolar–tipo I e II / Clinical and epidemiological study of the early presentations of patients with bipolar disoder - types I and II

Chaves, Moysés de Paula Rodrigues 30 September 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-08-21T12:48:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTACAO MESTRADO MOYSES PRONTA (1) (1).pdf: 679547 bytes, checksum: cf4dd53c812b868e1a8d7ceb72f62419 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-21T12:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) DISSERTACAO MESTRADO MOYSES PRONTA (1) (1).pdf: 679547 bytes, checksum: cf4dd53c812b868e1a8d7ceb72f62419 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / There are several studies on the differential diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD), however, further investigation with an emphasis on clinical phenotypes that inaugurate the disease is needed. The aims of this study are to identify the psychiatric disorders most frequently diagnosed before the definitive diagnosis of BD, the time until the correct diagnosis and compare BD I and II for the variables studied. We studied 259 patients with current diagnosis of BD according to the DSM- IV-TR, evaluated by the same psychiatrist. Early psychiatric signs and symptoms were identified through an interview with the patient and family members and were considered suggestive of an initial diagnosis that was coded according to the same diagnostic criteria. The authors analyzed data on patients' age at prodromes suggestive of initial psychiatric diagnosis and time delay to the actual diagnosis of BD. Comparisons were made between sex, schooling and type of BD. The mean age of patients was 41.6 years, with a predominance of adults (19-60 years), women (67.6%), as well as type II BD (68.3%). Patients were on average 24.6 years of age at initial diagnosis, 41.6 years in the diagnosis of BD and the mean time delay between these was 16.9 years. The most common initial diagnoses were depressive disorders (41.3%), anxiety (12.7%), ADHD (8.1%), disorders related to substance abuse (7.7%), somatoform disorders (6 9%), and psychosis (5.4%). BD can be considered a “great imitator” in modern psychiatry, since initial phenotypes can mimic other disorders. BD diagnosis is very delayed in Brazil. / Há diversos estudos sobre o diagnóstico diferencial do Transtorno Bipolar (TB), entretanto, investigações com ênfase nos fenótipos clínicos que inauguram a doença são escassos. Os objetivos deste estudo consistem em identificar as doenças psiquiátricas mais frequentemente diagnosticadas antes do diagnóstico definitivo de TB, assim como o intervalo de tempo até o mesmo; e comparar o pacientes com TB I e II quanto aos diagnósticos iniciais, escolaridade, sexo e faixa etária. Para tanto, estudamos 259 pacientes com diagnóstico atual de TB segundo os critérios do DSM-IV-TR, realizado por um mesmo psiquiatra. Através de entrevistas com o paciente e familiares, identificou-se retrospectivamente os sinais e sintomas precoces considerados sugestivos do primeiro diagnóstico psiquiátrico, segundo os mesmos critérios. Dados relativos à idade dos pacientes no diagnóstico inicial e tempo até o diagnóstico atual de TB foram analisados e comparações foram feitas entre sexo, escolaridade, faixa etária e tipo de TB. A média de idade encontrada foi de 41,6 anos, com predominância de adultos (19-60 anos), do gênero feminino (67,6%), com TB II(68,3%). Os pacientes tinham em média 24,6 anos de idade no diagnóstico inicial, 41,6 anos no diagnóstico de TB e o tempo médio de atraso diagnóstico foi de 16,9 anos. Os diagnósticos iniciais mais frequentemente encontrados foram: transtornos depressivos (41,3%), ansiosos (12,7%), TDAH (8,1%), transtornos relacionados ao abuso de substâncias psicoativas (7,7%), transtornos somatoformes (6,9%) e psicóticos (5,4%). O T pode ser considerado um “grande imitador” moderno da Psiquiatria, posto que fenótipos iniciais podem mimetizar outros transtornos. Há um atraso significativo no diagnóstico do TBno Brasil.
245

Estudo clínico e demográfico comparativo de episódio agudo de mania versus estado misto / Estudo clínico e demográfico comparativo de episódio agudo de mania versus estado misto

Angela Maria Schwartzmann 10 August 2006 (has links)
Os episódios mistos em pacientes portadores de Transtorno Bipolar são descritos freqüentemente como sendo mais graves que os episódios de mania aguda. Além disso, muitos trabalhos na literatura descrevem os pacientes com TB com história de episódios mistos, como um grupo distinto clínica e demograficamente do grupo com apresentação apenas de episódios de mania pura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar clinicamente episódios agudos mistos versus episódios de mania pura e comparar clínica e demograficamente pacientes que apresentaram em algum momento do seguimento clínico pelo menos um episódio misto com pacientes que apresentaram apenas mania pura. Vinte pacientes apresentando episodio de mania pura foram comparados a 29 pacientes em estado misto de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV. Não houve diferença na duração destes episódios, presença de hospitalização e tentativas de suicídio. Na comparação dos dados demográficos, não encontramos diferenças na idade, distribuição entre os sexos, classe sócio-econômica, estado civil e anos de escolaridade. Em relação ao curso, nosso estudo mostrou que pacientes com pelo menos um estado misto apresentaram maior freqüência de tentativas de suicídio e de episódios, mais comorbidades e idade de início da doença mais precoce. Foi realizada analise multivariada através de regressão logística para a identificação das variáveis clinicas que melhor distinguem um grupo do outro. Esta analise mostrou que a presença de comorbidades e de tentativas de suicídio foram as variáveis identificadas que mais fortemente estão associadas ao diagnóstico de pacientes com estado misto. / Mixed episodes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have been frequently described as more severe than acute manic episodes. Moreover, many papers in the literature have described the patients with BD with history of mixed episodes as a group that is clinically and demographically distinct from the group with clinical presentation of pure manic episodes. The purposes of this study were to compare clinically acute mixed episodes with pure manic episodes and compare clinically and demographically patients that present in any moment of their clinical follow-up at least one mixed episode with patients that present only pure mania. Twenty patients with pure manic episode were compared to 29 patients with mixed episodes according to DSM-IV criteria. There were no differences in episodes duration, presence of hospitalization and suicide attempts. Comparing the demographic data, we did not find differences in age, gender distribution, socio-economic status, marital status and years of education. Regarding the course of illness, our study showed that patients with at least one mixed state presented higher frequency of suicide attempts, younger age of illness onset, more co-morbidities, and higher index of impulsivity. A multi-variate analysis was performed with logistic regression to identify the clinical variables that better distinguish one group from the other. This analysis showed that the presence of co-morbidities and suicide attempts were the identified variables that are strongly associated with the diagnosis of patients with mixed state.
246

Trajetória das comorbidades no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo / Trajectory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Comorbidities

Maria Alice Simões de Mathis 01 February 2012 (has links)
Introdução: O transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) é uma doença de etiologia complexa, podendo ser influenciada por inúmeros fatores genéticos e ambientais. A falta de homogeneidade na descrição do transtorno dificulta a pesquisa de fatores etiológicos. Um dos subgrupos de TOC com características mais homogêneas é o TOC de início precoce. O objetivo principal deste estudo é investigar o efeito da idade de início dos diversos sintomas nas características clínicas dos transtornos psiquiátricos do Eixo I na trajetória evolutiva de pacientes com TOC. Metodologia: 1001 pacientes com TOC de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV foram avaliados de forma direta com os instrumentos: Escala Dimensional para Avaliação de Presença e Gravidade de Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos (DY-BOCS), Escala Yale-Brown de Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos (Y-BOCS), Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV - Transtornos do Eixo I (SCID-I/P), Inventários de Ansiedade e de Depressão de Beck, Questionário de História Natural do TOC e Escala de Crenças de Brown. Para comparação das variáveis categoriais foram realizados os testes qui-quadrado e para variáveis numéricas testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e testes paramétricos tipo ANOVA. Foram considerados para todos os testes nível de significância de 5%. O estudo das idades de início das comorbidades foi realizado utilizando a abordagem bayesiana. Resultados: Pacientes com início precoce tiveram maior frequência de Ansiedade de Separação (p<0,001); Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (p=0,031); Tiques (p=0,009); Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo (OC) (p<0,001); Transtornos do Impulso (p=0,005); e do Humor (p=0,020). Além disso, tiveram maior gravidade em todas as medidas de escore nas escalas Y-BOCS (p<0,001) e DY-BOCS (p<0,001), curso com piora progressiva do TOC (p<0,001) e maior frequência de história familiar de TOC (p<0,001) e transtornos de Tiques (p=0,013). Pacientes com TOC que apresentaram ansiedade de separação como primeiro diagnóstico tiveram uma tendência a apresentar maior frequência de: Transtornos Ansiosos (p=0,058), Somatoformes (p=0,056), TEPT (p=0,004), maior gravidade na dimensão Sexual/Religioso (p=0,053) e escores mais elevados nas escalas Beck depressão (p=0,005) e Beck ansiedade (p<0,001). Pacientes com TOC que apresentaram TDAH como primeiro diagnóstico tiveram maior frequência de Abuso de Substância (p<0,001) e apresentaram um curso com piora mais progressiva do TOC comparados com os outros grupos (p=0,033). Pacientes com TOC que apresentaram transtornos de tiques como primeiro diagnóstico tiveram maior frequência de Transtornos do Espectro OC (p=0,034). Conclusão: O TOC é um transtorno heterogêneo que pode compreender diversos subtipos de acordo com a abordagem escolhida / Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology, and can be influenced by several genetic and environmental factors. The lack of homogeneity in the description of the disorders complicates the search for etiological factors. The main goal of this study is to verify the effect of age at onset of several symptoms in the clinical characteristics of Axis I psychiatric disorders in the trajectory of OCD patients. Methodology: 1,001 consecutive OCD patients were evaluated at a single time point. Standardized instruments were used: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis of Axis I, according to DSM-IV and for impulse-control disorders; Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and Brown Beliefs assessment Scale; and the Natural History Questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests were used for continuous variables. For all the tests the significant level was considered p <.05. To analyze the distribution of comorbidities according to age at onset a Bayesian approach was used. Results: Patients with early age at onset had higher frequency of separation anxiety disorder (p<0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (p=0.031); tic disorders (p<0.009); obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (p<0.001); impulse-control disorders (p=0.005) and mood disorders (p=0.020). Besides, they presented higher severity of all measures of Y-BOCS score (p<0.001) and DY-BOCS score (p<0.001), OCD course with progressive worsening (p<0.001) and higher frequency of family history of OCD (p<0.001) and tic disorders (p=0.013). OCD patients who presented separation anxiety disorder as the first manifested diagnosis had higher frequencies of: anxiety disorders (p=0.058), somatoform disorders (p=0.056), post-traumatic stress disorder (p=0.004), higher frequency of Sexual/Religious dimension (p=0.053) and higher scores on Beck depression (p=0.005) and Beck anxiety (p<0.001). OCD patients who presented ADHD as first manifested diagnosis presented higher frequency of substance abuse (p<0.001) and presented more OCD course with progressive worsening (p=0.033). OCD patients who presented tic disorder as first manifested diagnosis presented higher frequency of OC spectrum disorders (p=0.034). Conclusion: We can conclude that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder and may include several subtypes according to the chosen approach
247

Trajetória das comorbidades no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo / Trajectory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Comorbidities

Mathis, Maria Alice Simões de 01 February 2012 (has links)
Introdução: O transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) é uma doença de etiologia complexa, podendo ser influenciada por inúmeros fatores genéticos e ambientais. A falta de homogeneidade na descrição do transtorno dificulta a pesquisa de fatores etiológicos. Um dos subgrupos de TOC com características mais homogêneas é o TOC de início precoce. O objetivo principal deste estudo é investigar o efeito da idade de início dos diversos sintomas nas características clínicas dos transtornos psiquiátricos do Eixo I na trajetória evolutiva de pacientes com TOC. Metodologia: 1001 pacientes com TOC de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV foram avaliados de forma direta com os instrumentos: Escala Dimensional para Avaliação de Presença e Gravidade de Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos (DY-BOCS), Escala Yale-Brown de Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos (Y-BOCS), Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV - Transtornos do Eixo I (SCID-I/P), Inventários de Ansiedade e de Depressão de Beck, Questionário de História Natural do TOC e Escala de Crenças de Brown. Para comparação das variáveis categoriais foram realizados os testes qui-quadrado e para variáveis numéricas testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e testes paramétricos tipo ANOVA. Foram considerados para todos os testes nível de significância de 5%. O estudo das idades de início das comorbidades foi realizado utilizando a abordagem bayesiana. Resultados: Pacientes com início precoce tiveram maior frequência de Ansiedade de Separação (p<0,001); Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (p=0,031); Tiques (p=0,009); Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo (OC) (p<0,001); Transtornos do Impulso (p=0,005); e do Humor (p=0,020). Além disso, tiveram maior gravidade em todas as medidas de escore nas escalas Y-BOCS (p<0,001) e DY-BOCS (p<0,001), curso com piora progressiva do TOC (p<0,001) e maior frequência de história familiar de TOC (p<0,001) e transtornos de Tiques (p=0,013). Pacientes com TOC que apresentaram ansiedade de separação como primeiro diagnóstico tiveram uma tendência a apresentar maior frequência de: Transtornos Ansiosos (p=0,058), Somatoformes (p=0,056), TEPT (p=0,004), maior gravidade na dimensão Sexual/Religioso (p=0,053) e escores mais elevados nas escalas Beck depressão (p=0,005) e Beck ansiedade (p<0,001). Pacientes com TOC que apresentaram TDAH como primeiro diagnóstico tiveram maior frequência de Abuso de Substância (p<0,001) e apresentaram um curso com piora mais progressiva do TOC comparados com os outros grupos (p=0,033). Pacientes com TOC que apresentaram transtornos de tiques como primeiro diagnóstico tiveram maior frequência de Transtornos do Espectro OC (p=0,034). Conclusão: O TOC é um transtorno heterogêneo que pode compreender diversos subtipos de acordo com a abordagem escolhida / Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology, and can be influenced by several genetic and environmental factors. The lack of homogeneity in the description of the disorders complicates the search for etiological factors. The main goal of this study is to verify the effect of age at onset of several symptoms in the clinical characteristics of Axis I psychiatric disorders in the trajectory of OCD patients. Methodology: 1,001 consecutive OCD patients were evaluated at a single time point. Standardized instruments were used: Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis of Axis I, according to DSM-IV and for impulse-control disorders; Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and Brown Beliefs assessment Scale; and the Natural History Questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests were used for continuous variables. For all the tests the significant level was considered p <.05. To analyze the distribution of comorbidities according to age at onset a Bayesian approach was used. Results: Patients with early age at onset had higher frequency of separation anxiety disorder (p<0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (p=0.031); tic disorders (p<0.009); obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (p<0.001); impulse-control disorders (p=0.005) and mood disorders (p=0.020). Besides, they presented higher severity of all measures of Y-BOCS score (p<0.001) and DY-BOCS score (p<0.001), OCD course with progressive worsening (p<0.001) and higher frequency of family history of OCD (p<0.001) and tic disorders (p=0.013). OCD patients who presented separation anxiety disorder as the first manifested diagnosis had higher frequencies of: anxiety disorders (p=0.058), somatoform disorders (p=0.056), post-traumatic stress disorder (p=0.004), higher frequency of Sexual/Religious dimension (p=0.053) and higher scores on Beck depression (p=0.005) and Beck anxiety (p<0.001). OCD patients who presented ADHD as first manifested diagnosis presented higher frequency of substance abuse (p<0.001) and presented more OCD course with progressive worsening (p=0.033). OCD patients who presented tic disorder as first manifested diagnosis presented higher frequency of OC spectrum disorders (p=0.034). Conclusion: We can conclude that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder and may include several subtypes according to the chosen approach
248

Schizophrénies à début précoce : caractérisation clinique via une approche développementale et dimensionnelle / Early-onset schizophrenias : clinical characterization by developmental and dimensional approach

Giannitelli, Marianna 29 November 2016 (has links)
: la schizophrénie à début précoce (SDP) est un syndrome rare invalidant peu étudié. Dans ce travail, nos objectifs sont: de caractériser de profils cliniques des SDP via une approche développementale et dimensionnelle; de poser un diagnostic étiologique des formes organiques; d'analyser la reconnaissance émotionnelle dans la SDP. Méthodologie: Dans une cohorte d'enfants atteints de SDP (N=90) j'ai développé et validé une méthode de psychométrie quantitative en utilisant une échelle spécifique Lifetime Dimensions of Psychosis Scale - Children and Adolescents; des données de psychologie expérimentale; de génétique. Résultats: en appliquant une évaluation développementale et dimensionnelle, j'ai identifié 6 profils cliniques dans la cohorte SDP. L'analyse par clusters retrouve 3 groupes, dont le cluster plus significatif est caractérisé par une sévérité importante des symptômes positifs et de ceux positifs bizarres. Ce cluster montre une association modérée entre la sévérité des symptômes positifs bizarres et les anomalies du développement. Dans une perspective étiologique des SDP, j'ai proposé une série d'explorations médicales de premier rang afin d'éliminer une SDP organique. J'ai décrit le cas clinique d'un patient porteur d'une délétion de 1,9 Mb dans la région 8p23.2 qui pourrait entrainer une perte de fonction du gène CSMD1, dont la protéine est impliquée dans la régulation immunitaire du développement cérébral. J'ai intégré à ce travail une étude de psychologie expérimentale appliquée à la SDP. Cette étude est la première à avoir exploré le rôle de l'intégration multi-sensorielle dans la reconnaissance émotionnelle dans une perspective développementale chez des patients atteints de SDP. Conclusion: la SDP est un trouble cliniquement hétérogène dont l’étiologie est inconnue et dont la compréhension des différents mécanismes physiopathologiques pourrait contribuer à des nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. / Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) is a severe but rare disorder in children. Focusing on developmental pathways to EOS, this work aims: to describe different developmental profiles that contribute to EOS phenotypes using a dimensional perspective; to study medical conditions associated with EOS using multidisciplinary search; to assess emotional recognition as key factor of social interaction. Methods: In a cohort of 90 children with EOS, I applied quantitative psychometric methods with development and validation of a specific scale; experimental psychology; molecular cytogenetics. Results: using a dimensional and developmental evaluation (Lifetime Dimensions of Psychosis Scale – Children Adolescents), I identified symptom profiles. In EOS cohort, 6 dimensional factors were identified. 64% of sample had premorbid developmental or learning problems. Cluster analysis delineated 3 groups: the largest cluster including 58% of the patients was characterized by high Positive and Bizarre Positive scores and fewer (28%) developmental abnormalities. I also reviewed numerous likely organic causalities in EOS. I proposed a systematic algorithm to better assess these conditions by focusing on treatable ones. I detailed a case report on an adolescent with EOS carrier of a rare CNV implicated in the immune modulation of cerebral pruning. Assessing emotional recognition, empathy development and non verbal communication, I found that EOS patients performed worse than healthy controls in emotional tasks, with a significant association between emotional identification scores and nonverbal communication impairments. This means that cumulative dysfunctions in both nonverbal communication and emotion processing contribute to the social vulnerability found in youths with EOS. Conclusion: EOS is a complex condition with unknown etiology. How the understanding of specific etiologies may lead to new therapeutic approaches is the next challenge.
249

Voice Onset Time as a Clinical Indicator of Hypofunctional Voice Disorders

Arnold, Amanda, Phillips, Lisa, Pickler, Lindsay, White, Whitney, McCamey, Amanda, McCrea, Christopher 02 April 2008 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the voice onset times (VOTs) of healthy individuals using a normal and breathy voice in an effort to determine if VOT can be used as a noninvasive clinical indicator of laryngeal function. Recordings were made of 20 adults between the ages of 20-48 with normal laryngeal function, each using a normal (Group 1) and breathy voice (Group 2). The participants’ productions were designed and collected in such a manner to control for speaking rate, vowel context, pitch, and loudness; all of which have been shown to influence VOT. A mixed analyses of variance showed that hypofunctional productions demonstrated longer VOTs across all stop consonants when compared to normal productions. Within the stops, a significant difference between the voiced and voiceless stops was noted, although no gender differences were found. It was concluded that VOT can be used as an indirect clinical indicator of laryngeal function.
250

Early Age of Onset of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use Among Middle School Youth in Tennessee: Does Place Matter?

Osazee, Osarueme J., Southerland, Jodi L., Zheng, Shimin, Quinn, Megan, Cao, Yan, Slawson, Deborah L., Paisley, Lori 08 April 2015 (has links)
Introduction. Among U.S. adolescents (12-17 years), tobacco, alcohol and marijuana are commonly used substances. Recent data suggests that although trends in tobacco use have declined, marijuana and alcohol use rates are steadily increasing, especially among younger adolescents. The main purpose of this study was to characterize differences in tobacco, alcohol and marijuana onset among Appalachian and nonAppalachian middle school students in Tennessee. At present, there is limited research on tobacco and drug use among younger adolescents in Tennessee and Appalachia as a whole. Therefore, these findings have important implications for the assessment and prevention of risk behaviors among adolescents regionally and may help to establish priorities for policy and preventive measures. Methods. This is a secondary data analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), consisting of data collected in 2010 from a representative sample (n=65,182) of middle schoolers in Tennessee. All analyses were performed on weighted data so that results represent all middle school students in Tennessee. Primary outcome variables included early age of onset (age) of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. The primary exposure variable was region (Appalachia versus non-Appalachia). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between early age of onset of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use, and region controlling for personal characteristics, other substance use, suicidal behaviors, body mass index, weight misperception and extreme weight control behaviors. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results. Early initiators of cigarette, alcohol or marijuana had a two to four fold increase risk for experimentation with other substances compared to late age of onset, with cigarette use posing the highest risk [OR: 4.73, C.I. (4.47, 5.01)]. Middle schoolers in Appalachia were at greater risk for early age of onset of cigarette [OR: 1.502, C.I. (1.421, 1.587)] and marijuana use [OR: 1.268, C.I. (1.169, 1,375)] compared to non-Appalachia middle schoolers, and 80.9% less likely to use alcohol prior to age 12 [OR: 0.809, C.I. (0.777, 0.843). Other differences were observed for risk of early onset of use and gender, race/ethnicity, age, other substance use and EWCB. Conclusion. Differences in the pattern of substance use were observed for middle schoolers in Appalachia and non-Appalachia Tennessee. Better understanding of these differences will help inform public health policy and practice targeting cigarette, alcohol and marijuana use in the region.

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