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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Leukocyte P(2) purinergic receptors: Expression and characterization in Xenopus oocytes

Nuttle, Louise Cathell January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
42

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTROGEN-MEDIATED EFFECTS ON FEMALE MEIOSIS: STUDIES OF BISPHENOL A AND ESTROGEN RECEPTORS

Susiarjo, Martha January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
43

Analysis of the composition and the function of oocyte-specific TBP2-containing transcription machinery during mouse oogenesis / Analyse de la composition et de la fonction de la machinerie basale de transcription associée à TBP2 et spécifique des ovocytes au cours de l’ovogenèse murine

Yu, Changwei 13 December 2018 (has links)
La synthèse d’ARN au cours de la différenciation des ovocytes est essentielle à la fécondation et à l'initiation du développement précoce. La nature de la machinerie basale de transcription pendant la croissance ovocytaire n'est pas connue mais la protéine TBP est remplacée par une protéine semblable spécifique des vertébrés, TBP2. Pour comprendre le rôle de TBP2 dans l'initiation de la transcription, nous avons effectué un RNA-seq à partir d'ovocytes contrôles et Tbp2-/- et montré que l'expression des gènes les plus transcrits ainsi celle des éléments rétroviraux endogènes de type MaLR est diminuée. Par immunoprécipitation couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à partir d'ovaires, nous avons montré que TBP2 ne forme pas un complexe TFIID, mais est associé à TFIIA dans les ovocytes. Globalement nos données montrent qu’une machinerie d'initiation de la transcription spécifique différente du complexe canonique TFIID contrôle la transcription dans les ovocytes de souris. / Mammalian oocytes go through consecutive differentiation process, during which the synthesis and accumulation of RNAs are essential for oocyte growth, maturation, fertilization and early embryogenesis. Little is known about the nature and function of the oocyte Pol II transcription machinery. During oocyte growth TBP is replaced by a vertebrate specific paralog, TBP2, and Tbp2-/- females are sterile. To understand whether and how TBP2 is controlling transcription initiation during oogenesis, we carried out RNA-seq analyses from wild-type and Tbp2-/- oocytes from primary and secondary follicles. These analyses show a main decrease in the expression of the most abundant genes as well as specific down-regulation of the expression of the MaLR-type endogenous retroviral elements. To identify the nature of the complex associated with TBP2 in the oocytes, we carried out immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that, in the oocytes, TBP2 associates with TFIIA, but does not assemble into a TFIID-type complex. Altogether, our data show that a specific TBP2-TFIIA-containing transcription machinery, different from canonical TFIID, drives transcription in mouse oocytes.
44

The functional roles of the intra-oocyte phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in controlling follicular development in mice

Jagarlamudi, Krishna Rao, January 2009 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
45

Studies of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in mammalian ovarian follicle activation and development /

Rajareddy, Singareddy, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
46

Funkční studie alelických variant urátových transportérů SLC2A9 na modelu oocytů Xenopus laevis. / Functional study of the alelic variants of urate transporters SLC2A9 on the model of Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Mančíková, Andrea January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
47

Signální dráhy a geny regulující zrání oocytů prasete / Signaling pathways and genes regulating oocyte maturation in pig

Blaha, Milan January 2016 (has links)
The gonadotropin-induced resumption of meiosis and cumulus expansion in preovulatory follicles is preceded by expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factors, amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG), in mural granulosa and cumulus cells. In vitro, the EGF-like peptides are also produced in cumulus cells upon stimulation by FSH. Both FSH and the EGF-like peptides stimulate resumption of meiosis and cumulus expansion in vitro via activation of a broad signaling network in cumulus cells. To define signaling pathways that drive FSH- and AREG-induced cumulus expansion and meiotic resumption, in vitro cultured pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with specific protein kinase inhibitors. The results document that FSH-stimulated, but not the AREG-stimulated resumption of meiosis, depends on the PKA and MAPK14 activities; both modes of stimulation require activation of EGFR and MAPK3/1. To characterize the effects of FSH and EGF-like peptides on gene expression in cumulus cells, transcriptomes of cumulus cells were analysed using microarray approach. Both FSH and AREG+EREG increased the expression of genes associated with regulation of cell proliferation, blood coagulation and extracellular matrix remodeling. In contrast to AREG+EREG, FSH also increased the expression of genes coding...
48

O óxido nítrico e as fosfodiesterases na maturação de oócitos bovinos / The nitric oxide and phophodiesterases in bovine oocytes maturation

Botigelli, Ramon César 26 June 2014 (has links)
O óxido nítrico (NO) é um mensageiro químico encontrado em diversos tipos celulares como células endoteliais, neurônios e macrófagos. A síntese do NO é realizada pela ação da enzima óxido nítrico sintase (NOS). Um dos mecanismos de ação do NO é dado pela ativação da enzima guanilato ciclase solúvel (GCs), resultando na produção de monofosfato cíclico de guanosina (GMPc), um mensageiro secundário nessa via de sinalização celular. O GMPc por sua vez é capaz de modular a atividade de algumas fosfodiesterases (PDEs), enzimas responsáveis pela degradação do GMPc e de outro nucleotídeo cíclico, o monofosfato cíclico de adenosina (AMPc). O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da elevação dos níveis de NO por meio do doador de óxido nítrico (SNAP) e o uso de inibidores de diferentes isoformas de fosfodiesterases no meio de cultivo durante a maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos bovinos sobre a retomada da meiose, concentração de NO e níveis de GMPc e AMPc. Deste modo, os complexos cumulus-oócito (CCOs) bovinos foram cultivados por até 9 horas com o doador de NO (SNAP - 10-7 M) associado ou não ao inibidor de GCs (ODQ - 10-5 M) e associado ou não aos inibidores das fosfodiesterases, PDE5 (Sildenafil - 10µM), PDE3 (Cilostamide - 20µM) e PDE8 (Dipiridamole - 50µM). As amostras foram avaliadas quanto a taxa de retomada da meiose, níveis de NO (9h de MIV) e níveis dos nucleotídeos cíclicos GMPc e AMPc (0, 1, 2 e 3h de MIV). O SNAP retardou o rompimento da vesícula germinativa com 9horas de cultivo (P<0,05) e quando o SNAP foi associado ao ODQ o efeito foi revertido (P>0,05). A inclusão de SNAP no cultivo, os níveis de NO foram elevados (P<0,05). Os níveis de GMPc só foram influenciados positivamente pelo SNAP com 1 hora de cultivo (P<0,05) e após 2 e 3 horas, esta influência não persistiu (P>0,05), visto que o ODQ aboliu o efeito. A influência do SNAP foi devido ao estímulo da GCs. Para os níveis de AMPc, o doador de NO não foi capaz de influenciar suas concentrações durante as 3 horas de cultivo (P>0,05). Quando o SNAP foi associado ao Sildenafil (SNAP+SIL) não houve diferença em relação ao grupo imaturo (P>0,05), porém, também não se diferiu do tratamento SNAP e controle (P>0,05). Para as taxas de retomada de meiose todos os tratamentos foram eficientes e conseguiram retardar a quebra da vesícula germinativa diante do grupo controle (P<0,05), sendo o grupo SNAP+CIL mais eficiente. Para os níveis de AMPc, nem mesmo com a utilização de inibidores das PDE3 e PDE8 foi possível atenuar a queda do nucleotídeo. Em conclusão, o SNAP exerceu influência na retomada da meiose, na concentração de NO e nos níveis de GMPc sendo que sua ação se deve à atividade da GCs. Não houve influência sobre os níveis de AMPc, quando o SNAP foi associado a inibidores específicos de fosfodiesterases, mesmo quando apresentaram efeito sobre a retomada da meiose. A via NO/GCs/GMPc não parecer atuar sobre a via PDE3/AMPc, sugerindo a ação de outras vias no controle da meiose. / Nitric oxide (NO) is a chemical messenger found in many cell types such as endothelial cells, neurons and macrophages. The synthesis of NO is made by the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). One of the mechanisms of action of NO is given by the activation of the enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), resulting in the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a secondary messenger in this pathway of cell signaling. The cGMP in turn is capable of modulating the activity of some phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes responsible for degradation of cGMP and other cyclic nucleotide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated levels of NO via nitric oxide donor (SNAP) and the use of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase isoforms in the culture medium during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes on resumption of meiosis, the concentration of NO and cGMP and cAMP levels. Thus, the complexes cumulus-oocyte (COCs) were cultured for cattle up to 9 hours with the NO donor (SNAP - 10-7 M) with or without the inhibitor of sGC (ODQ - 10-5 M) and with or without to inhibitors of phosphodiesterase PDE5 (Sildenafil - 10µM), PDE3 (Cilostamide - 20µM) and PDE8 (Dipyridamole - 50µM). The samples were evaluated for the rate of resumption of meiosis, levels of NO (9h - IVM) and levels of cyclic nucleotides cGMP and cAMP (0, 1, 2 and 3h - IVM). The SNAP delayed with germinal vesicle breakdown of 9hours cultivation (P < 0.05) when SNAP was associated with ODQ was reversed the effect (P> 0.05). The inclusion of SNAP cultivation, NO levels were increased (P<0.05). cGMP levels were positively influenced only by the snap 1 hour in culture (P<0.05) and after 2 and 3 hours, this effect was not maintained (P<0.05), whereas ODQ abolished the effect. The influence of SNAP was due to stimulation of GCs. For cAMP levels, the NO donor was not able to influence their concentrations during the 3 h incubation (P>0.05). When SNAP was associated with Sildenafil (SIL+SNAP) there was no difference compared to the immature group (P>0.05), however, also did not differ from SNAP treatment and control (P>0.05). Rates for resumption of meiosis all treatments were efficient and able delay before germinal vesicle breakdown in the control group (P<0.05), with SNAP+CIL group more efficient. For cAMP levels, even with the use of inhibitors of PDE3 and PDE8 was possible to alleviate the decrease of the nucleotide. In conclusion, SNAP exerted influence on the resumption of meiosis, the concentration of NO and cGMP levels and that its action is due to a GCs activity. There was no effect on cAMP levels, when SNAP was associated with specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors, even when presented effect on the resumption of meiosis. The pathway NO/sGC/cGMP seem not act on the pathway PDE3/AMPc, suggesting the action of other pathways in the control of meiosis.
49

Ativação partenogenética de oócitos bovinos jovens com ionomicina e 6-dimetilaminopurina associado ou não ao estrôncio / Parthenogenetic activation of young bovine oocytes with ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine associated or not with strontium

Porciuncula, Patrícia Marafon 05 October 2007 (has links)
Tendo em vista a possibilidade da associação de agentes ativadores aliada à influência da idade do oócito no desenvolvimento embrionário, a proposta deste trabalho foi estudar a relação entre o envelhecimento do oócito e a ativação partenogenética. Para tal, oócitos bovinos foram maturados in vitro por um período de 22 h (jovens) e 28 h (envelhecidos). Em seguida, os dois grupos de oócitos foram ativados com os tratamentos: ID3: ionomicina (5 µM por 5 min) + 6DMAP (2 mM por 3 h de incubação); ID6: ionomicina (5 µM por 5 min) + 6DMAP (2 mM por 6 h de incubação); IDS: ionomicina + associação 6DMAP (2 mM) e estrôncio (20 mM; SrCl2) por 6 h e IDSS: ionomicina + (6DMAP+Sr) nas primeiras 3 h, seguido de lavagem e incubação com estrôncio (Sr2+) isoladamente por mais 3 h de incubação. O grupo controle foi cultivado na ausência de qualquer agente ativador (ativação espontânea). Após a ativação os oócitos foram avaliados quanto a: 1) taxa de ativação (formação de pronúcleo às 12 hpa); 2) atividade do fator promotor de maturação (MPF) e proteína cinase ativada por mitógeno (MAPK) nos intervalos de 5 min, 3 h, 6 h e 10 h; 3) desenvolvimento embrionário (taxa de clivagem às 48 h, dia 7 e 9 taxas de blastocisto e eclosão); 4) qualidade dos embriões (dia 9 pelo número total de células, apoptose e expressão de interferon-t). Em geral, oócitos jovens apresentaram menor taxa de ativação e maior atividade de MPF e MAPK em relação aos envelhecidos. No entanto, a incubação dos oócitos em 6DMAP por 6 h permitiu taxas semelhantes aos envelhecidos com pequeno prejuízo em número de células, sem efeitos em outros critérios de qualidade do embrião. Os dados sugerem possíveis aplicações destes resultados de maneira a contribuir para a TN com flexibilidade de horários e produção de embriões de boa qualidade. / Considering the possibility of the combination of different activating agents associated to the influence of oocyte ageing on embryo development, the purpose of this work to study the relationship between oocyte ageing and parthenogenetic activation. Bovine oocytes were in vitro maturated for 22 (young) and 28 h (aged). Next, both groups of oocytes were activated using the following treatments: ID3: ionomycin (5 µM for 5 min) + 6DMAP (2 mM for 3 h); ID6: ionomycin (5 µM for 5 min) + 6DMAP (2 mM for 6 h); IDS: ionomicyn + 6DMAP (2 mM) and strontium (20 mM; SrCl2) for 6 h and IDSS: ionomicyn + (6DMAP+Sr2+) for the first 3h, followed by incubation with Sr2+ alone for another 3 h. The control group was cultured in the absence of any activating agents (spontaneous activation). After activation, the oocytes were evaluated for: 1) activation rate (pronuclei formation at 12 hpa); 2) activity of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) at 5 min, 3 h, 6 h and 10 hpa; 3) embryo development (cleavage rate at 48 h and blastocyst and hatching rates on days 7 and 9); 4) embryo quality (day 9 regarding total cell numbers, apoptosis and interferon-t expression). In general, young oocytes showed lower activation rates and higher MPF and MAPK activity when compared with aged oocytes. However, incubation of the oocytes with 6DMAP for 6 h allowed development rates similar to aged oocytes with a small decrease in total cell number, but without effects on other criteria of embryo quality. The data suggest a possible application of these results in such a way to contribute for timing flexibilization in NT experiments and production of good quality embryos.
50

Effets biologiques et mécanisme d'action du peptide FEE cyclique / Biological effects and mechanism of action of cyclic FEE peptide

Le Foll, Nathalie 23 November 2016 (has links)
Pas de résumés / No abstract

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