As Chinese economy develops, service innovation has become a key element for which Chinese enterprises compete and upgrading of service industry all over China due to its influence on national economic competitiveness, among which the innovation of multi-agent service plays an important role in enterprises. This thesis mainly studies the concept of the Multi-agent Participate Model of Service Innovation and explores the strategic role and position of the model in communication industry. The purpose of this thesis includes two parts: firstly it studies the service innovation which multi-agent such as enterprises, customers and suppliers participate in so as to establish a new theoretical framework of such service innovation. Secondly, from the perspective of strategic management of enterprises, it considers the selection of Multi-agent Participate Model of Service Innovation in competitive strategies of the communication industry to clarify the strategic role and position of such model in management of the communication industry. Questionnaire and interview are two main data acquisition methods in this thesis. The author surveyed 100 employees from China Telecom with a questionnaire designed by herself. The data shows that customers’ demands for market and competitors’ competition in the market have a great influence on the innovation activities of enterprises. Some senior managers of China Telecom have been interviewed for this study. The interviews have shown the significance of Multi-agent Participate Model of Service Innovation in telecommunication industry and the Multi-agent Participate Model of Service Innovation can favorably be applied to telecommunication industry. The enterprises, customers, employees, managers and suppliers are of inseparable relationships in the model. As an innovation model of enterprises, Multi-agent Participate Model of Service Innovation can better mobilize enthusiasm of each participant of service innovation, and innovativeness of management service to clarify the strategic position of the model in enterprise management.

Background:  The concept of open innovation has surfaced for over a decade now and organizations have started to realize its importance and contribution. It has been also a topic of discussion during the last years but it still paves the way for future research. However, majority of the studies made so far were focused on its origins meaning high-tech companies situated in developed and large countries. Little, has been contributed to a context of low-tech SMEs in developing and developing countries.   Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of open innovation in a context of low-tech SMEs in small and developing countries but as well as exploring the knowledge perspective in relation to innovation process.   Method: The methodology used for this study is qualitative with an inductive approach. The empirical data were gathered through an appropriate inductive approach by using semi-structure interviews. With the help of frame of reference, we structured our topic guide for our data collection method. The gathered empirical data are then analysed using the inductively based analytical procedure of template analysis. Lastly, as the template analysis procedures suggest, coding was carried out in order to see emerging patterns and relationships between our empirical data, which later they were interpreted as our results.   Conclusion: The empirical results show some patterns between elements of the concept of open innovation. Concluding, the low-tech companies in small and developing countries are not fully aware of the concept of open innovation. However, they are exploiting several of the elements that surround open innovation. Regarding knowledge in their innovation process, we conclude that managerial levels play a crucial role. Since they do not have a systematic innovation process and instead are more opportunistic towards innovation, all the efforts for any knowledge identification and exploitation reside usually to the hands of one individual.

Les échanges de connaissances réalisés par voie informelle entre acteurs de l’innovation sont pratique courante. L’objectif de cette recherche vise à mettre en évidence, d’une part, les facteurs qui déterminent l’engagement d’un individu dans un processus d’échange de connaissances par voie informelle avec un tiers extérieur à son entreprise et, d’autre part, dans quelle mesure la connaissance acquise par voie informelle est susceptible d’impacter la performance des projets d’innovation. Pour ce faire, une démarche méthodologique en deux temps a été utilisée. Une étude exploratoire a tout d’abord été menée auprès de 10 responsables de l’innovation qui, de manière complémentaire à l’analyse de la littérature, a permis de construire notre modèle causal. Ce modèle a, par la suite, été validé par un échantillon de 360 acteurs de l’innovation. Outre la confirmation de la qualité du modèle, il ressort de cette étude trois enseignements majeurs. Tout d’abord, que ce sont les facteurs individuels qui influencent le plus la décision d’un individu d’échanger de la connaissance par voie informelle ; ensuite, que la connaissance acquise par voie informelle influence positivement la performance des projets d’innovation ; et, enfin, que les intermédiaires de l’innovation influencent positivement le lien entre les types d’échanges et la performance des projets d’innovation. Ces résultats apportent des contributions majeures d’un point de vue académique et managérial, et ouvrent de nombreuses voies de recherche dans un contexte d’innovation ouverte / Informal knowledge exchanges between innovation actors are common. The aim of this research is to highlight, first, the factors that determine the commitment of an individual in an informal knowledge exchange with a third party outside his company and, second, to what extent the knowledge gained by informal route is likely to positively impact the performance of innovation projects. To do this, a methodological approach in two stages was used. An exploratory study was first conducted with 10 leaders of innovation, which complementarily to the analysis of the literature allowed us to build our causal model. This model has subsequently been validated by a sample of 360 innovation actors. Besides confirming the quality of the model, it follows from this study three major lessons. First, it is the personal factors that influence the most the decision of an individual to share knowledge through informal channels; secondly, the knowledge acquired by informal channels positively influences the performance of innovation projects; and, finally, the innovation intermediaries positively influence the relationship between the different types of exchange and the performance of innovation projects. These results provide major contributions of an academic and managerial point of view, and have opened up vistas for research in an open innovation context

Research on Open Innovation (OI) is flourishing and opening the innovation process is increasingly perceived as a vital source for sustained competitive advantage. Nascent research on OI in family firms left us to wonder whether the performance-enhancing effects of OI also hold true for family firms. What we do know so far is despite that family firms typically possess greater ability to innovate, they lack the willingness to do so. Taking this as a starting point, the purpose of this study was to identify sources of family firm heterogeneity, in order to explain how these differences influence their willingness to engage in OI and further assess the overall relevance of OI models for family firms. In an attempt to resolve the innovation paradox, the present study builds upon a multi-theory approach of behavioral lenses, to capture the inherent complexities of family firm innovation. Empirical evidence from a cross-industry analysis of 176 German Mittelstand firms provides strong support for the importance of OI practices in a family firm context. Precisely, we affirm that family firms generate increased performance outcomes when engaging in OI. Our findings unearth a double-edged sword that higher generations foster a family firm’s willingness to engage in OI, but hamper their ability to benefit from it. Our findings are especially relevant in light of current market dynamics and build the bridge between OI and family firm research in an insightful manner. We thereby contribute to solving one piece of the innovation puzzle and identify promising areas for future research.

In order for corporations to develop their business, they could apply an approach of exchanging ideas and knowledge with other corporations could contribute to new significant innovations. The international approach is called Open Innovation and could be implemented both externally and internally within firms. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how Open Innovation is used by Swedish and Chinese entrepreneurs in an international market context. By implementing a qualitative research method, the researchers obtained a deeper understanding of how networks and trust affect Open Innovation when the approach is used. This thesis derived from an inductive approach since the authors made observations and generated theories from those observations, which created a theoretical synthesis. The theoretical synthesis conducted into the operationalization and the interview guide for the data gathering of the semi- structured interviews. The gathered empirical data was compared with the theories in order to analyze the similarities and differences between them. Lastly, the study was concluded by answering the research questions, theoretical, practical, and policy implications, limitations for the study, and suggestion for future research.

A inovação apresenta-se, primordialmente, nas indústrias intensivas em tecnologia que, nos últimos anos, criaram redes globais de parceiros para melhorar o alcance e a gama de seus produtos, serviços e tecnologias. Em virtude de o conceito de inovação estar intimamente ligado à tecnologia, o presente trabalho toma por base o ambiente de negociações de ações na maior bolsa de valores do mundo das empresas de tecnologia, a NASDAQ. Por ser a representação das maiores companhias na bolsa, o Índice NASDAQ-100 constitui o universo da pesquisa que buscou estudar as empresas quanto ao grau de inovação aberta por meio da construção e análise das redes de cooperação. Em vista disso, apresenta-se um estudo sobre essas empresas denominadas de alta tecnologia para o período 1995-2014 analisando suas patentes protegidas em parcerias com o objetivo de classificá-las em uma matriz de inovação aberta, bem como, mapear a configuração e abrangência das suas redes de cooperação. Além disso, propicia discussão sobre a evolução dos investimentos em P&D e as áreas tecnológicas priorizadas pelas empresas. Por abordar extenso horizonte de 20 anos e adotar como paradigma o vínculo dos agentes nos pedidos de patentes, as análises permitiram o diagnóstico dos diversos padrões de comportamento no tocante às redes de cooperação para inovação dentre as empresas. Fundamentalmente, como resultantes das estratégias particulares e específicas adotadas por cada companhia, as redes de cooperação são distintas, entretanto, as principais métricas das redes são convergentes quanto ao grau de inovação aberta. Além disso, os resultados indicam que as áreas tecnológicas de interesse das empresas da amostra pesquisada estão mais concentradas na tecnologia proprietária, o que reforça a postura em manter investimentos em P&D na sua principal área de atuação. Assim, as parcerias são firmadas no sentido de intensificar o domínio tecnológico, na busca das complementaridades necessárias. / Innovation is primarily present in intensive technology industries, which, in recent years, have created global networks of partners to improve the scope and range of products, services and technologies. Because the concept of innovation is closely linked to technology, this study is based on the environment of trading of shares in the largest stock exchange in the world of technology companies, NASDAQ. Being the representation of the largest companies in the stock exchange, the NASDAQ-100 Index represents the universe of this research that focused on studying the companies according to the degree of open innovation by means of constructing and analyzing cooperation networks. In view of this, we present a study of the so called high-tech companies for the 1995-2014 period by analyzing the patents protected under partnerships in order to classify the firms into an open innovation matrix and map the configuration and scope of their cooperation networks. In addition, it presents discussions on the evolution of investments in R&D and the technological areas prioritized by companies. Addressing an extensive horizon of 20 years and adopting the relationship of the agents in patent applications as a paradigm, the analysis brought the diagnosis of the various behavioral patterns with regards to cooperation networks for innovation among these companies. Fundamentally, as a result of particular and specific strategies adopted by each company, cooperation networks are distinct, however, the key metrics of networks are converging towards the degree of open innovation. Moreover, the results indicate that technological areas of interest of the surveyed sample are more focused on proprietary technology, which reinforces the stance in maintaining investments in R&D in the main area of expertise. Thus, partnerships are signed to intensify the technological field and seek the necessary complementarities.

A indústria farmacêutica desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na melhoria da qualidade de vida, via investimentos em novos fármacos. Uma empresa raramente desenvolve inovações de forma isolada: o projeto de um novo produto ou processo envolve a participação de parceiros, como a cooperação entre empresas e universidades/centros de pesquisa. No ambiente da inovação aberta, as empresas utilizam fontes externas de ideias a fim de aumentar sua competitividade na geração de novas tecnologias. Nesse contexto, a propriedade intelectual se torna uma ferramenta estratégica para as empresas farmacêuticas. Entretanto, poucos estudos se destinam a investigar tal temática de maneira integrada. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o gerenciamento da propriedade intelectual nas indústrias farmacêuticas nacionais quando estas participam de relações ou práticas de inovação aberta. Através de metodologia de estudo de casos, foram investigadas empresas farmacêuticas nacionais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o posicionamento das empresas investigadas, na inovação aberta, indica uma tentativa de equilíbrio entre fontes internas e externas de recursos. Neste ambiente, a gestão da propriedade intelectual apresenta vantagens como: comercialização de propriedade intelectual e mapeamento de patentes, identificadas na literatura e confirmadas nas empresas. Entretanto, existem desafios a serem superados, como a falta de conhecimentos na área e o desenvolvimento de recursos humanos qualificados. Conclui-se que as empresas investigadas estão gerindo sua propriedade intelectual através de políticas específicas integradas às políticas de inovação da empresa, além disso, criaram departamentos e proporcionaram treinamentos em propriedade intelectual. / The pharmaceutical industry plays a key role in promoting health and improving the quality of life through investments in new drugs. A company rarely develops innovations in isolation: the design of a new product or process involves the participation of partners, such as cooperation between companies and universities / research centers. In the environment of open innovation, companies use external sources of ideas to enhance their competitiveness in the generation of new technologies. In this context, intellectual property becomes a strategic tool for pharmaceutical companies. However few studies designed to investigate this issue in an integrated way. The objective of this research is to study the management of intellectual property in Brazilian pharmaceutical industries when they form relationships or practices of open innovation. Through case study methodology were investigated Brazilian pharmaceutical companies. The results show that the positioning of the companies investigated in open innovation indicates an attempt to balance between internal and external sources of funds. In this environment, management of intellectual property presents advantages such as: commercialization of intellectual property and patent mapping, identified in the literature and confirmed in the companies. However, there are challenges to overcome, such as a lack of knowledge in this area and the development of qualified human resources. It is concluded that the investigated companies are managing their intellectual property through specific policies into the innovation policies of the companies, moreover, created departments and provides training in intellectual property.

A inovação no Brasil é caracterizada por investimentos voltados para a aquisição de tecnologia. Tal aspecto motivou a proposição central da tese de que o desempenho em inovação é influenciado pelo balanceamento entre as atividades inovativas internas e externas. Ao mesmo tempo que o papel da inovação aberta tem se fortalecido nas organizações, diversos estudos apontam que a mera exposição ao conhecimento externo não é suficiente para gerar inovações, especialmente aquelas com maior nível de originalidade, se a empresa não tiver competências internas para absorver, assimilar, transformar e explorar esse conhecimento. Ainda assim, é possível constatar que estudos que tratam da complementaridade dos inputs de inovação no desempenho inovativo de países em desenvolvimento são pouco comuns. Assim, o presente estudo buscou preencher essa lacuna, identificando e discutindo a importância do desenvolvimento de atividades inovativas internas e da aquisição de conhecimento externo para o desempenho em inovação das empresas brasileiras, com recorte para o setor industrial. Para tanto, foram estruturados dois ensaios empíricos que utilizaram a base de dados da Pesquisa de Inovação (PINTEC) do IBGE, das edições de 2000 a 2011. No primeiro, estimamos modelos de regressão para avaliar o impacto de cada atividade inovativa sobre o resultado da inovação, conforme seu grau de inovatividade. No segundo, estimamos modelos de regressão não linear para verificar como se comporta a relação entre P&D externo e desempenho em inovação, além de modelos que verificam se essa relação é influenciada pela capacidade de P&D. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem concluir que a capacidade de P&D e a aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos são relevantes tanto para a inovação de produtos novos para o mercado quanto para a inovação voltada apenas para a própria empresa. Além disso, a aquisição de P&D externo é relevante unicamente para a inovação voltada para o mercado, ressaltando a importância da inovação aberta. Contudo, o aumento do investimento em P&D externo eleva o desempenho em inovação somente até um certo ponto. Após esse ponto, os retornos sobre o investimento nessa atividade decrescem. Ademais, a interação entre capacidade de P&D e o P&D externo é significante, revelando que a primeira tem influência na relação da segunda com o desempenho em inovação. Dessa forma, conclui-se que para melhorar seu desempenho inovativo, as empresas em países em desenvolvimento devem se abrir para conhecimentos externos de maneira combinada com investimentos em capacidade de P&D. / Innovation in Brazil is characterized by investments focused on the acquisition of technology. This tendency motivated the central proposition of the thesis that innovative performance is influenced by a balance between innovative activities that are internal versus innovative activities that are external. At the same time, open innovation currently plays a stronger role in organizations. Multiple studies point out that mere exposure to external knowledge is not enough to generate innovation, especially forms of innovation that are original, if the company does not have the internal skills to absorb, assimilate, transform, and explore this knowledge. Nevertheless, it can be noted that there are not many studies dealing with the complementarity of innovation inputs in the innovative performance of developing countries. Thus, the present study sought to fill this gap by identifying and discussing the importance of the development of innovative internal activities as well as the acquisition of external knowledge for the innovative performance of Brazilian companies, including the industrial sector. To that end, two empirical tests were carried out using the 2000-2011 editions of the PINTEC/IBGE database. In the first test, we estimated regression models to evaluate the impact of each innovative activity on the outputs and outcomes of innovation, according to their degree of innovativeness. In the second test, we estimated non-linear regression models to verify how the relationship between external research and development (R&D) and performance in innovation behaves, in addition to models that verify whether this relationship is influenced by R&D capacity. The results obtained allow us to conclude that R&D capacity and the acquisition of machines and equipment are relevant for both innovation of new products for the market and the innovation directed only at the company itself. In addition, the acquisition of external R&D is only relevant to market-driven innovation, which underscores the importance of open innovation. However, increasing investment in external R&D raises innovation performance only to a certain extent. After the optimal point, the returns on investment from this activity decrease. Moreover, the interaction between R&D capacity and external R&D is significant, revealing that the former influences the relationship between the latter and innovation performance. Thus, we conclude that to improve innovative performance, companies in developing countries should open up to external expertise in combination with investments in R&D capacity.

Submitted by Karen Britto (karenbritto@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-06-05T15:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Marçal Paim Leães Junior - 2018.pdf: 1336171 bytes, checksum: 789c9ba76662fa1acb0dbd3961126b0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T15:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Marçal Paim Leães Junior - 2018.pdf: 1336171 bytes, checksum: 789c9ba76662fa1acb0dbd3961126b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar possibilidades de inovação aberta nas iniciativas que visam promover a abertura de dados públicos, em formato aberto. Para atender ao objetivo, identificaram-se os possíveis benefícios e as possíveis barreiras inerentes às iniciativas de Dados Governamentais Abertos no contexto brasileiro; verificaram-se quais fatores podem incentivar as práticas de coprodução para viabilizar a inovação aberta; verificaram-se quais resultados obtiveram-se oriundos das possíveis práticas de coprodução; recomendaram-se ações que pudessem promover maior coprodução e possivelmente inovação aberta em processos advindos da abertura de dados governamentais. Este trabalho apresentou a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como as iniciativas de Dados Governamentais Abertos, no contexto brasileiro, podem contribuir para o processo de inovação aberta do setor público? Como suporte teórico, abordaram-se os temas: dados governamentais abertos, inovação, inovação aberta, coprodução e inovação no Setor Público, que ocorreu por intermédio de um estudo de caso. E, para a coleta de dados, realizaram-se entrevistas com atores ligados ao tema e análise de artefatos tecnológicos. Os resultados revelam, como possíveis benefícios da abertura dos dados governamentais, o aumento da participação dos cidadãos, a melhora no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de serviços inovadores. Identificou-se a promoção de Hackathons pelo governo como estratégia para promover a coprodução. Com relação aos incentivos para o cidadão coproduzir com o governo, os resultados apontam para a predominância de incentivos intangíveis, como a satisfação em contribuir com o governo. Verificaram-se, como principais objetivos para o governo, promover à coprodução a possibilidade de aproveitar a inteligência coletiva da sociedade para desenvolvimento de soluções para problemas e inovações. Nesse sentido, verificou-se a capacidade dos DGA em promover a coprodução entre governo e sociedade viabilizando a inovação aberta. Entretanto, identificaram-se barreiras a serem superadas para que esse processo se desenvolva. / The present study aims to identify possibilities for open innovation in initiatives that aim to promote and standardize the openness of public data, in an open format. In order to meet the objective: the possible benefits and possible barriers inherent to Open Data government initiatives in the Brazilian context were identified; and can be encouraged as coproduction practices to enable open innovation; it was verified what results were obtained from the coproduction practices; It is recommended actions that contribute to the accomplishment of coproduction and possibly innovation in processes arising from the opening of government data. This paper presents the following research question: How can Open Government Data initiatives, in the Brazilian context, contribute to the open innovation process of the public sector? As a theoretical contribution, the following themes were addressed: open government data, innovation, open innovation, coproduction and innovation in the Public Sector. Through a case study, for purpose of data collection, interviews were conducted with actors related to the topic and analysis of technological artifacts (softwares and / or applications). The results are welcome from the opening of the data, an improvement in the development of public policies and a possibility of development of innovative services. A promotion of Hackathons by the government was identified as a strategy to promote coproduction. With regard to incentives for the citizen to co-produce with the government, the results point to the predominance of intangible incentives, such as a satisfaction in contributing to the government. The main objectives for the government for coproduction were the possibility of taking advantage of the collective intelligence of society for the development of solutions to problems and innovations. In this sense, check the ability of the DGA to promote a coproduction between government and society, enabling an open innovation. However, barriers have been identified to be overcome in order for this process to develop.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A inovação é fator essencial para a competitividade e sobrevivência das empresas no mercado e, por isso, tem recebido cada vez mais atenção nos campos acadêmico e organizacional. As atividades de inovação vêm passando, nos últimos anos, por mudanças na forma como são gerenciadas. Os ciclos de vida cada vez mais curtos dos produtos, junto com altos custos de realizar pesquisas e os altos riscos de investir em inovação são alguns motivos causadores dessa mudança, que implica na transição de um modelo fechado e interno para uma forma aberta – em que as organizações relacionam-se com o mercado durante todo o processo de inovação. Esta dissertação tem como propósito contribuir para a compreensão das relações entre a empresa estudada e diferentes organizações externas nos diversos estágios do processo de inovação. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida pelo método de estudo de caso, são estudadas duas empresas do setor de produtos químicos localizadas na região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Os dados foram co / Innovation is an essential factor for competitiveness and survival of companies in the market, and, therefore, has been receiving more and more attention in the academic and organizational fields. Innovation activities have been going through changes in the way they are managed in the past years. The products’ shorter and shorter life cycles, along with the high costs of making researches and the high risks in investing in innovation are some of the reasons for that change, which implies the transition from a closed and internal model to an open way – in which organizations relate to the market during all the innovation process. This dissertation has as purpose to contribute to the understanding of relationships between the studied company and different external organizations in several stages of the innovation process. Through a qualitative research, developed with the case study method, two companies of the chemical sector, located in the region of Vale do Rio do Sinos, are studied. Data were collected via