Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Francisco Oliveira Brito.pdf: 3160975 bytes, checksum: 5f7ac8589cf0f9b2c4c2220d495e47cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The globalization process is demanding the food industry, especially non-alcoholic beverages, to become more competitive requiring reduction in cost and higher levels of productivity and quality. With the focus on competitiveness, an industry in Polo Industrial de Manaus - PIM has been developing management tools that integrate manufacturing and quality processes. This study examines the implementation of lean manufacturing philosophy and Six Sigma methodology in a non-alcoholic beverage company, aiming to increase the operational efficiency of its production processes. Based on bibliographical survey of the concepts, methods, procedures, quality tools, lean manufacturing, six sigma and assessment of process indicators (such as OEE Overall Equipment Efficiency) before and after implementation, is a proposed a roadmap for implementing the integration of the mentioned methodologies. The tools used in this study are: Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control); Lean SMED (Single Minute Exchange Die); VSM (Value Stream Map); Kaizen; Just-in-Time and Kanban. After implementation all the steps of lean manufacturing philosophy and Six Sigma methodology, the results have showed a reduction of 73% in setup time for filler machine improving from 40 % to 64 % OEE. Finally, the poll shows that the application of Lean Philosophy with Six Sigma Methodology reduces waste and defects in the process, reflecting in productivity increase and financial profit. / Com o processo de globalização em curso, o mercado mundial para as indústrias de alimentos, em especial as de bebidas não alcoólicas se tornou ainda mais competitivo, exigindo a redução de custos e melhores níveis de produtividade e qualidade. Com o foco na competitividade uma empresa do setor de bebidas do Pólo Industrial de Manaus - PIM vem desenvolvendo ferramentas de gestão que integram a manufatura com a qualidade dos processos. Neste sentido, este estudo analisa a implementação da filosofia da Manufatura Enxuta com a metodologia Seis Sigma em uma empresa de grande porte do setor de bebidas não alcoólicas, visando o aumento da eficiência operacional de seus processos produtivos. Através de levantamento bibliográfico dos conceitos, métodos, procedimentos das ferramentas da qualidade, Manufatura Enxuta, Seis Sigma e avaliação de indicadores do processo antes e após a implementação numa empresa do setor de alimento é proposto um roteiro de aplicação da integração das mesmas. As metodologias utilizadas do Seis Sigma foram DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analisar, Melhorar e Controlar), e da Manufatura Enxuta SMED (Single Minute Exchange Die), VSM (Mapeamento do Fluxo de Valor), Kaizen, Just-in-Time e Kanban. Após a implementação das etapas da filosofia da Manufatura Enxuta e da metodologia Seis Sigma os resultados mostram uma redução de 73% do setup da máquina enchedora de partes sólidas para empresa em estudo, passando de um OEE 40% para 64%. Finalmente, a pesquisa revela que a aplicação da filosofia enxuta aliada a metodologia Seis Sigma reduzem desperdícios e defeitos de processo, refletindo em melhorias e aumentando a produtividade e conseqüentemente o ganhos financeiros

The scarcity of water poses a threat to domestic and global economic sustainability while inhibiting the operational efficiency of food and beverage industry firms. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies some food and beverage industry leaders in the United States used for implementing sustainable water consumption practices to improve operational efficiency. The conceptual framework for the study was stakeholder theory. The primary data source was semistructured interviews with 4 food and beverage industry leaders in Wisconsin who have responsibility for implementing their firms' sustainability practices, and the secondary data source was corporate sustainability reports. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data, which resulted in 4 themes: efficient equipment, stakeholder and sustainability focus, water recycling, and supply chain support. The implications of this study for social change include the potential for leaders in the food and beverage industry to use findings to create more sustainable water supplies and demonstrate greater stewardship of the environment.

A adoção da metodologia BPM (Business Process Management) tem como objetivo trazer resultados significativos para uma organização através do levantamento, priorização, reorganização e melhoria de desempenho dos processos de negócio. O consequente ganho de eficiência geralmente pode ser verificado no incremento de receita ou na redução do custo operacional de uma organização. Entretanto, existem alguns fatores que precisam ser observados de forma a evitar um problema generalizado, através da resistência à mudança, falta de comprometimento e desinteresse geral de todos os colaboradores envolvidos. Por isso, esta pesquisa buscou identificar os fatores críticos de uma implementação da metodologia BPM nos principais processos de negócio de uma instituição financeira cooperativa no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos considerando três projetos (cada um como sendo um caso completo) de modernização de processos e de sistemas de informação utilizando a metodologia BPM, analisados junto de três públicos alvo: gestores das unidades de negócio, gestores das áreas de tecnologia da informação e colaboradores das áreas usuárias de cada projeto. Os fatores críticos unânimes encontrados para os três projetos e para os três públicos são: escopo claro e definido, participação dos usuários, capacitação dos envolvidos e alinhamento estratégico entre TI e negócios. A principal contribuição acadêmica desta pesquisa consiste na convergência de fatores críticos de outras tecnologias previamente identificados na literatura e também uma classificação dos fatores encontrados nas seguintes dimensões: organização, tecnologia BPM, metodologia BPM e projeto. A contribuição para a empresa estudada está no conhecimento dos principais fatores que poderão transformar novos projetos em projetos de sucesso. / The adoption of the methodology BPM (Business Process Management) aims to bring significant results for an organization by collecting, prioritizing, reorganizing and improving the performance of business processes. The consequent efficiency gains can usually be found in increasing revenue or reducing the operating cost of an organization. However, there are certain factors that need to be observed to avoid structural collapse, through resistance to change, lack of commitment and general disinterest of all employees involved. Therefore, this study sought to identify the critical factors of an implementation methodology of BPM in the main processes of a cooperative financial institution business in Brazil. Thus, a multiple case study considering three projects (each as a full case) modernization of processes and information systems using BPM methodology, analyzed from three target groups was conducted: managers of business units, managers the areas of information technology and users of the user areas of each project. The unanimous critical factors found for the three projects and the three public are clear and defined scope, user participation, training of those involved and strategic alignment between IT and business. As the main academic contribution of this research have the convergence of critical factors other technologies previously identified in the literature and also a classification of factors found in the following dimensions: organization, technology BPM, BPM methodology and design. The contribution for the studied company is in the knowledge of the principal factors that could turn new projects in successful projects.

A adoção da metodologia BPM (Business Process Management) tem como objetivo trazer resultados significativos para uma organização através do levantamento, priorização, reorganização e melhoria de desempenho dos processos de negócio. O consequente ganho de eficiência geralmente pode ser verificado no incremento de receita ou na redução do custo operacional de uma organização. Entretanto, existem alguns fatores que precisam ser observados de forma a evitar um problema generalizado, através da resistência à mudança, falta de comprometimento e desinteresse geral de todos os colaboradores envolvidos. Por isso, esta pesquisa buscou identificar os fatores críticos de uma implementação da metodologia BPM nos principais processos de negócio de uma instituição financeira cooperativa no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos considerando três projetos (cada um como sendo um caso completo) de modernização de processos e de sistemas de informação utilizando a metodologia BPM, analisados junto de três públicos alvo: gestores das unidades de negócio, gestores das áreas de tecnologia da informação e colaboradores das áreas usuárias de cada projeto. Os fatores críticos unânimes encontrados para os três projetos e para os três públicos são: escopo claro e definido, participação dos usuários, capacitação dos envolvidos e alinhamento estratégico entre TI e negócios. A principal contribuição acadêmica desta pesquisa consiste na convergência de fatores críticos de outras tecnologias previamente identificados na literatura e também uma classificação dos fatores encontrados nas seguintes dimensões: organização, tecnologia BPM, metodologia BPM e projeto. A contribuição para a empresa estudada está no conhecimento dos principais fatores que poderão transformar novos projetos em projetos de sucesso. / The adoption of the methodology BPM (Business Process Management) aims to bring significant results for an organization by collecting, prioritizing, reorganizing and improving the performance of business processes. The consequent efficiency gains can usually be found in increasing revenue or reducing the operating cost of an organization. However, there are certain factors that need to be observed to avoid structural collapse, through resistance to change, lack of commitment and general disinterest of all employees involved. Therefore, this study sought to identify the critical factors of an implementation methodology of BPM in the main processes of a cooperative financial institution business in Brazil. Thus, a multiple case study considering three projects (each as a full case) modernization of processes and information systems using BPM methodology, analyzed from three target groups was conducted: managers of business units, managers the areas of information technology and users of the user areas of each project. The unanimous critical factors found for the three projects and the three public are clear and defined scope, user participation, training of those involved and strategic alignment between IT and business. As the main academic contribution of this research have the convergence of critical factors other technologies previously identified in the literature and also a classification of factors found in the following dimensions: organization, technology BPM, BPM methodology and design. The contribution for the studied company is in the knowledge of the principal factors that could turn new projects in successful projects.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 tavares_to_me_jabo.pdf: 1978145 bytes, checksum: ce74e5f5723fa0727dc1201f786f6631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A colheita do café de varrição é uma prática essencial na cafeicultura nos dias de hoje, pois o café caído de forma natural somado ao caído pela operação da colhedora fazem com que até 25% da produção esteja no solo, valor este dependendente de vários fatores relacionados à planta e às colhedoras utilizadas. Nos últimos anos, a mecanização deste processo se tornou comum, principalmente devido à oneração e à indisponibilidade de mão de obra. Porém, os poucos estudos existentes com estas máquinas dificultam as tomadas de decisões quanto às suas regulagens. Observações de campo sugerem que as recolhedoras apresentem alta sensibilidade às condições do solo e do material a ser recolhido. O uso de subsolagem nas lavouras é o fato considerado pelos produtores como o maior problema do recolhimento necessitando de alguma alternativa para reduzir os efeitos negativos. A declividade também é vista como entrave, pois o serviço deve ser realizado com menor velocidade, o que reduz a capacidade operacional e interfere no planejamento da colheita. Neste trabalho foram realizados dois estudos: no primeiro analisou-se quali-quantitativamente as operações de varrição e recolhimento em quatro manejos do solo subsolado e, no segundo, verificou-se a capacidade e a eficiência operacionais em quatro faixas de declividade. Os manejos do solo estudados foram: grade após subsolagem; trituração após subsolagem; gradagem e trituração após subsolagem; além de um padrão de comparação sem subsolagem. Para o trabalho de declividade adotou-se entrelinhas com faixas de 0,0 a 5,0%; 5,1 a 10,0%; 10,1 a 15,0% e 15,1 a 20,0% de declividade. Os experimentos foram realizados em duas propriedades no município de Presidente Olegário – MG, sob delineamento disposto em faixas, sendo utilizado o controle estatístico de processos para avaliar a qualidade das operações no primeiro estudo e teste de médias para analisar as capacidades e eficiências operacionais no segundo estudo. No primeiro estudo, a maior qualidade foi obtida para o manejo com grade e triturador após subsolagem, favorecendo menor quantidade de perdas e menor nível de impureza do café recolhido. O manejo apenas com grade após subsolagem apresentou os piores indicadores de qualidade. No segundo estudo, a declividade do terreno a partir de 15,1%, interferem no desempenho da recolhedora, reduzindo significativamente a capacidade de campo efetiva e operacional. Declividades de até 20% não prejudicam a eficiência de limpeza, por outro lado, para eficiência de recolhimento, declividades superiores a 15% reduzem de forma significativa o desempenho das máquinas. / Sweeping coffee harvest is an essential practice in coffee production these days, because the fallen coffee in a natural way added to the fallen by the harvester operation make up 25% of production is in the soil, an amount dependent on several related factors to the plant and used harvesters. In recent years, the mechanization of this process has become common, mainly due to the encumbrance and the unavailability of manpower. However, few studies with these machines difficult the decisions made in respect of their settings. Field observations suggest that the harvesters have high sensitivity to ground conditions and the material to be gathered. The use of subsoiling in the fields is the fact considered by producers as the largest problem of the gathering needing an alternative to reduce the negative effects. The slope is also seen as an obstacle, because the service must be performed with lower speed, which reduces the operational capacity and interferes with the planning of the harvest. This work were realized two studies: the first analyzed qualitative and quantitatively the sweeping and gathering operations in four managements of soil subsoiled and in the second, it was the capacity and operational efficiency in four slopes ranges. The managements of the soil studied were: harrow after subsoiling; crushing after subsoiling; harrowing and crushing after subsoiling; beyond of a standard comparison without subsoiling. For the work of slopes was adopted interrows with tracks 0.0 to 5.0%; 5.1 to 10.0%; 10.1 to 15.0% and 15.1 to 20.0% of slope. The experiments were conducted in two properties in the municipality of Presidente Olegário - MG, Brazil, under design disposed in strips, being used the statistical process control to assess the quality of operations in the first study and mean test to analyze the capacities and operational efficiencies in the second study. In the first study the highest quality is obtained for management with harrow and crusher after Subsoiling, favoring lower amount of losses and lower impurity level of the gathered coffee. The management only with harrow after Subsoiling has the worst indicators of quality. In the second study, the slope of the land, from 15.1%, interferes in the performance of the harvester, significantly reducing the effective field capacity and operational. Slopes up to 20% does not impair the cleaning efficiency, on the other hand, for gathering efficiency, slopes higher than 15% significantly reduces the performance of the machines.

A adoção da metodologia BPM (Business Process Management) tem como objetivo trazer resultados significativos para uma organização através do levantamento, priorização, reorganização e melhoria de desempenho dos processos de negócio. O consequente ganho de eficiência geralmente pode ser verificado no incremento de receita ou na redução do custo operacional de uma organização. Entretanto, existem alguns fatores que precisam ser observados de forma a evitar um problema generalizado, através da resistência à mudança, falta de comprometimento e desinteresse geral de todos os colaboradores envolvidos. Por isso, esta pesquisa buscou identificar os fatores críticos de uma implementação da metodologia BPM nos principais processos de negócio de uma instituição financeira cooperativa no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos considerando três projetos (cada um como sendo um caso completo) de modernização de processos e de sistemas de informação utilizando a metodologia BPM, analisados junto de três públicos alvo: gestores das unidades de negócio, gestores das áreas de tecnologia da informação e colaboradores das áreas usuárias de cada projeto. Os fatores críticos unânimes encontrados para os três projetos e para os três públicos são: escopo claro e definido, participação dos usuários, capacitação dos envolvidos e alinhamento estratégico entre TI e negócios. A principal contribuição acadêmica desta pesquisa consiste na convergência de fatores críticos de outras tecnologias previamente identificados na literatura e também uma classificação dos fatores encontrados nas seguintes dimensões: organização, tecnologia BPM, metodologia BPM e projeto. A contribuição para a empresa estudada está no conhecimento dos principais fatores que poderão transformar novos projetos em projetos de sucesso. / The adoption of the methodology BPM (Business Process Management) aims to bring significant results for an organization by collecting, prioritizing, reorganizing and improving the performance of business processes. The consequent efficiency gains can usually be found in increasing revenue or reducing the operating cost of an organization. However, there are certain factors that need to be observed to avoid structural collapse, through resistance to change, lack of commitment and general disinterest of all employees involved. Therefore, this study sought to identify the critical factors of an implementation methodology of BPM in the main processes of a cooperative financial institution business in Brazil. Thus, a multiple case study considering three projects (each as a full case) modernization of processes and information systems using BPM methodology, analyzed from three target groups was conducted: managers of business units, managers the areas of information technology and users of the user areas of each project. The unanimous critical factors found for the three projects and the three public are clear and defined scope, user participation, training of those involved and strategic alignment between IT and business. As the main academic contribution of this research have the convergence of critical factors other technologies previously identified in the literature and also a classification of factors found in the following dimensions: organization, technology BPM, BPM methodology and design. The contribution for the studied company is in the knowledge of the principal factors that could turn new projects in successful projects.

Patientnämndens förvaltning i Stockholm tar årligen emot tusentals samtal som önskar framföra klagomål på vården i Region Stockholm. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur en NLP-robot för klassificering av inkomna klagomål skulle kunna bidra till en ökad effektivitet av verksamheten. Klassificeringen av klagomålen har utförts med hjälp av en metod baserad på Support Vector Machines. För att optimera modellens korrekthet undersöktes hur längden av ordvektorerna påverkar korrektheten. Modellen gav en slutgiltig korrekthet 53,10 %. Detta resultat analyserades sedan med målsättningen att identifiera potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter hos modellen. För framtida arbeten kan det därför vara intressant att undersöka hur antalet samtal, antalet personer som spelar in samtal och klassfördelningen i datamängden påverkar korrektheten. För att undersöka hur effektiviteten hos Patientnämndens förvaltning i Stockholm skulle påverkas av implementeringen av en NLP-robot användes en SWOT-analys. Denna analys visade på tydliga fördelar med automatisering av klagomålshanteringen, men att en sådan implementation måste ske med försiktighet där det säkerställs att tillgången på kompetens är tillräcklig för att förebygga potentiella hot. / Every year Patientnämnden recieves thousands of phone calls from patients wishing to make complaints about the health care in Stockholm. The aim of this work is to investigate how an NLP-robot for classification of recieved phone calls would contribute to an increased efficiency of the operation. The classification of the complaints has been made using a method based on Support Vector Machines. In order to optimize the accuracy of the model the impact of the length of the word vector has been investigated. The final result was an accuracy of 53.10%. The result was analyzed with the goal to identify potential opportunities of improvement of the model. For future work it could be interesting to investigate in how the number of calls, the number of people recording the calls and the distribution between the classes affect the accuracy A SWOT-analysis was performed in order to investigate in how the efficiency of Patientnämnden would be affected by the implementation of an NLP-robot. The analysis showed apparent benefits of automation of complaint management, but also that such an implementation must be done with great caution in order to be able to ensure that the available competence is high enough to prevent potential threats.

Problem Statement: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play an integral role in the economy of developed and developing countries. SMEs are constantly searching for innovative technologies that will not only reduce their overhead costs but also improve product development, customer relations and profitability. Literature has revealed that some SMEs around the world have incorporated a fairly new technology called Big Data to achieve higher levels of operational efficiency. Therefore, it is interesting to observe the reasons why some organizations in developing countries such as South Africa are not adopting this technology as compared to other developed countries. A large portion of the available literature revealed that there isa general lack of in-depth information and understanding of Big Data amongst SMEs in developing countries such as South Africa. The main objective of this study is to explain the factors that SMEs consider during the Big Data decision process. Purpose of the study: This research study aimed to identify the factors that South African SMEs consider as important in their decision-making process when it comes to the adoption of BigData. The researcher used the conceptual framework proposed by Frambach and Schillewaert to derive an updated and adapted conceptual framework that explained the factors that SMEs consider when adopting Big Data. Research methodology: SMEs located in the Western Province of South Africa were chosen as the case studies. The interpretive research philosophy formed the basis of this research. Additionally, the nature of the phenomenon being investigated deemed it appropriate that the qualitative research method and research design be applied to this thesis. Due to constraints such as limited time and financial resources this was a cross-sectional study. The research strategy in this study was multiple in-depth case studies. The qualitative approach was deemed appropriate for this study. The researcher used two methods to collect data, namely, the primary research method and the secondary research method. The primary research method enabled the researcher to obtain rich data that could assist in answering the primary research questions, whilst the secondary research method included documents which supplemented the primary data collected. Data was analyzed using the NVivo software provided by the University of Cape Town. Key Findings: The findings suggest that the process that influences the decision to adopt Big Data by SMEs follows a three-step approach namely: 1.) Awareness, 2.) Consideration, 3.) Intention. This indicates that for Big Data to be adopted by SMEs there must be organizational readiness to go through the process. This study identified the main intention for SMEs to adopt Big Data is to ensure operational stability. Improved operational efficiency was identified as the supporting sub-theme. This study has raised awareness about the process that SMEs, academic researchers, IT practitioners and government need to place emphasis on to improve the adoption of Big Data by SMEs. Furthermore, this study has raised awareness about the opportunities and challenges that SMEs, academic researchers, IT practitioners and government need to place emphasis on to improve the adoption of Big Data by SMEs. Value of the study: The study adds value in both academia and the business industry as it provides more insight into the factors that SMEs consider in the Big Data adoption decision.

Ports are actively pursuing greater operational efficiency to effectively handle the increasing global flow of goods, while striving to improve the energy efficiency of their operations to comply with new environmental regulations. As a result, innovation-leading ports have begun to recognize the potential of digital twins to overview, coordinate and optimize port processes, resulting in energy savings, and reductions of costs and of CO2 emissions. While digital twins have gained momentum in other domains such as smart manufacturing and aerospace, their adoption in ports has been comparatively slow. This can be explained, among other things, by the multi-stakeholder nature of the port and the high complexity of the often interconnected port processes. Thus, this thesis, grounded in the context of ports, discusses what constitutes a digital twin, proposes characteristics to assess the maturity of existing digital twins, and introduces and evaluates mathematical models to support a key port process, which can be used as components of a digital twin for the port. The thesis is composed of three papers:  Paper 1 is based on an extensive literature review, through which digital twins among different domains are studied in depth in order to transfer insights from these to the port domain. The resulting discussion of what constitutes a port’s digital twin and the requirements that a port’s digital twin must fulfil, together with a discussion of use cases of how port digital twins can contribute to energy savings, form the basis of Paper 1.  Paper 2 discusses how digital twins’ maturity can be assessed within six maturity levels and presents milestones for their implementation. Notably, Interoperability is identified as the highest maturity level, as the numerous stakeholders and their respective digital twins must work together to reach a coordinated system of systems performance. Using this assessment demonstrates that only a few innovation-leading ports have developed sophisticated digital twinning solutions so far.  Paper 3 is dedicated to coordinating container retrieval with stacking, combining two key port operations. Thus, it can present a key modeling component of a port digital twin, considering jointly the goals of reducing the energy demanding crane movements, as well as keeping schedules tight to avoid port congestion issues. This is directly reflecting the potentially conflicting perspectives of different stakeholders in the port context. The provided optimization model and algorithm show that jointly addressing both problems may lead to a reduced efficiency of both individual objectives, but from a systems perspective, leads to a higher overall port efficiency. / Hamnar strävar aktivt efter ökad operativ effektivitet för att hantera den ökande globala varuflödet, samtidigt som de strävar efter att förbättra energieffektiviteten. Som ett resultat har ledande hamnar börjat se potentialen hos digitala tvillingar för att skapa överblick samt koordinera och optimera processer i hamnen. Målet med användningen av digitala tvillingar är energibesparingar samt minskning av kostnader och CO2-utsläpp. Medan digitala tvillingar har använts inom andra områden såsom tillverknings-, flyg- och rymdindustrin, har införandet i hamnar varit jämförelsevist långsamt. Detta kan förklaras, bland annat, av hamnens många olika involverade aktörer och den höga komplexiteten i de ofta sammanlänkade hamnprocesserna. Därför fokuserar denna avhandling, med utgångspunkt i hamnkontexten, vad som utgör en digital tvilling, presenterar egenskaper för olika mognadsnivåer hos befintliga digitala tvillingar, och introducerar samt utvärderar matematiska modeller som kan bli delkomponenter i en digital tvilling för hamnen. Avhandlingen består av tre artiklar: Artikel 1 bygger på en omfattande litteraturöversikt, inom vilken digitala tvillingar för olika områden studeras ingående för att överföra insikter från dessa till hamndomänen. Detta resulterar i en presentation av vad som utgör en hamns digitala tvilling och de krav som en hamns digitala tvilling måste uppfylla, tillsammans med en diskussion om möjliga sett på vilka hur hamnens digitala tvillingar kan bidra till energibesparingar. Artikel 2 presenterar ett ramverk för hur mognaden hos digitala tvillingar kan bedömas baserat på sex mognadsnivåer och presenterar milstolpar för deras implementering. Noterbart är att interoperabilitet identifieras som den högsta mognadsnivån, eftersom de många intressenterna och deras respektive digitala tvillingar måste koordineras för att nå en fungerande system-av-systemnviå. Genom att använda denna bedömning visar det sig att endast några få innovationsledande hamnar hittills har utvecklat sofistikerade digitala tvillinglösningar. Artikel 3 fokuserar på koordinering av containerupphämtning koordinerat med staplings effektivitet, två viktiga hamnaktivieter. Därför representerar dessa en viktig modelleringskomponent i en hamns digitala tvilling, med beaktande av målen att minska de energikrävande kranrörelse, samt behovet av att hålla planerade tider för att undvika trängsel och väntan. Detta speglar direkt de potentiellt konfliktfyllda perspektiven hos olika intressenter i hamnkontexten. Den utvecklade optimeringsmodellen och algoritmen visar att gemensam hantering av båda dessa problemen kan leda till en minskad effektivitet för de respektive individuella målen, men en ökad effektivitet från ett systemperspektiv för hamnen som helhet.

This study examines the determinant and consequences of having a chief operating officer (COO). Specifically, we investigate chief executive officer (CEO) related factors that affect the choice to employ a COO and look into the impact of having a COO on firm operational efficiency using a data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based measure. Although prior literature has extensively investigated the role of CEOs and chief finance officers (CFOs) on firm outcomes, few studies focus on the impact of COOs. Thus, this study explores characteristics associated with the likelihood that a firm will have a COO. This research also sheds light on the effect of COOs on firm operational efficiency because the core duties of COOs include optimizing operational performance and improving cost efficiency. Our results imply that CEO busyness, CEO ability, CEO demographic characteristics, and CEO network size have a significant impact on the decision to employ a COO. We also find that firms that have a COO have a lower level of operational efficiency than firms that do not. This result implies that the cost of having a COO outweighs the benefit of having one. The effects last for three years on average. Further, we find that firms with a COO have lower receivables turnover and sales to cost of goods sold ratio, lower sales to PPE expense ratio than firms without a COO. Finally, we find evidence that COOs with industry expertise are associated with higher operational efficiency than those without such expertise and outside COOs perform better than inside COOs in terms of operational efficiency.