Esta tese aborda serviços cuja \"matéria-prima\" é o próprio cliente e que se diferenciam dos demais tipos de serviços por não apresentarem uma correspondência imediata entre produto e resultado. Ou seja, os resultados almejados - frutos de vários encontros entre o cliente e o seu fornecedor - ocorrem em um tempo posterior ao da ação efetuada. Em função dessas características e da ausência de uma terminologia própria, foram denominados de Serviços de Resultados Ulteriores (SRU). Considerando-se que os SRUs apresentam características específicas, que demandam práticas gerenciais diferenciadas, neste estudo procura-se compreender tal fenômeno sob o ponto de vista de gerenciamento de operações. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetiva auxiliar as empresas de SRU - academias de ginástica, serviços sociais de inclusão no mundo do trabalho, cursos preparatórios para concursos, entre outros - a obterem um melhor desempenho. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi baseada na metodologia de estudo de múltiplos casos, e uma mostra de seis diferentes organizações pertencentes às categorias de serviços de massa ou lojas de serviços foi investigada. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo evidenciaram que estas empresas estruturaram um sistema de monitoramento e controle voltado para o relacionamento com os seus clientes, caracterizado por rotinas de acompanhamento dos resultados ulteriores almejados e das atividades realizadas pelo cliente, ao longo de um extenso ciclo de transações. Observou-se também a utilização de táticas que favorecem mais participação e envolvimento dos clientes nas atividades executadas. Verificou-se que aplicação de um sistema de monitoramento e controle bem estruturado afeta positivamente a eficácia dos SRUs, mas ela pode ser influenciada por fatores externos que fogem ao controle da empresa. Além disso, a pesquisa observou que a retenção de clientes é afetada pela capacidade desse sistema de monitoramento e controle apontar necessidades de ajustes e correções em seu processo de entrega de serviço, pois isso favorece benefícios de natureza psicológica e social, além de possibilitar a customização do serviço entregue aos clientes. / This thesis deals with services whose raw material is the customer itself and they differentiate from the others because they do not have an immediate correspondence between the output and the outcome. That is, the outcome is obtained after several service encounters. Due to the fact that this type of service has not been appropriately studied by the service operations management literature and due to the fact that they do not have a proper terminology, them they will be called Services of Posterior Outcomes (SPO). It is important to assert that SPOs presents specific characteristics that require differentiated management practices under the point of view of service operations management, so this thesis intends to help the SPOs companies by understanding how they can achieve better performances. The methodology of case research was used in multiple cases. Six different companies classified as service shop or mass services were analyzed. The field research pointed out that SPOs companies tend to implement a monitoring system oriented for customer relationship. This system is characterized by the presence of routines that monitors the outcomes and the activities carried by the customer on the service, throughout a cycle of transactions. Also, SPO companies use tactics for promoting customer participation and your interest in the services activities. It was verified that a greater presence of this system positively affects the effectiveness of these services, but it is necessary to weigh the influence of external factors that affects the accomplishment of this objective. Moreover, the research observed that the retention of customers is influenced by the capacity of this system to make adjustments and corrections in its process of service delivery, therefore this capacity promote the acquisition of relational benefits by the customers.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-22T13:07:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Martini.pdf: 1738665 bytes, checksum: 521c684286e9fb71b7ada39aa69a7bf9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-22T13:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Martini.pdf: 1738665 bytes, checksum: 521c684286e9fb71b7ada39aa69a7bf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Nenhuma / A economia de serviços é uma realidade cada vez mais presente em diversos mercados mundiais. Esta evidência pode ser percebida tanto através da mão de obra empregada pelo setor, quanto pela participação do mesmo nos resultados da economia de alguns países. A partir destes fatos a gestão de operações de serviços ganha relevância no contexto atual e ainda há muito espaço para pesquisas acadêmicas. Fato este explicado pela dificuldade da definição de serviços, a falta de processos definidos e o efeito da variabilidade no desempenho. Uma área que vem ganhando destaque entre os pesquisadores é a gestão do conhecimento. Dentro desta área existem empresas de serviços que trabalham intensivamente com o conhecimento; as mesmas são denominadas KIBS (Knowledge Intensive Business Services). As KIBS têm um papel fundamental na aprendizagem e na inovação numa economia baseada no conhecimento, sendo que o setor de TI (Tecnologia da Informação) é o mais promissor. O setor de TI no Rio Grande do Sul vem crescendo anualmente e mais de 70% das empresas do setor são de desenvolvimento de software customizado. Diante deste cenário - Gestão de Operações de Serviços, Gestão do Conhecimento e KIBS de TI - o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de gestão de operação de serviços para KIBS de TI de desenvolvimento de software customizado. A pesquisa seguiu as seguintes etapas: (i) Etapa 01, exploração bibliográfica e observação direta; (ii) Etapa 02, desenvolvimento do modelo; (iii) Etapa 03, avaliação de especialista; (iv) Etapa 04, ajustes no modelo; (v) Etapa 05, método de implantação; (vi) Etapa 06, aplicação do modelo; (vii) Etapa 07, análise dos resultados; e (viii) Etapa 08, conclusão do projeto. Os principais resultados a partir do cumprimento dos objetivos da pesquisa foram a estruturação da gestão operacional da empresa onde o modelo foi aplicado, os resultados para a empresa desta estruturação, e a identificação dos itens do modelo onde os resultados foram melhores e onde precisa-se ajustar ou dar um prazo maior para aplicação do modelo. Os resultados apresentados são avaliados no contexto da empresa na qual o modelo foi aplicado. / The service economy is a reality that is increasingly present in various world markets. This evidence can be perceived both by labor employed by the sector, and the participation of the same results in the economies of some countries. From these facts the management of service operations becomes relevant in the current context and there is still much room for scholarly research. This fact explained by the difficulty of the definition of services, lack of defined processes and the effect of the variability in performance. One area that has been gaining attention among researchers is knowledge management. Within this area there are service companies that work intensively with the knowledge, they are called KIBS (Knowledge Intensive Business Services). The KIBS play a key role in learning and innovation in a knowledge-based economy, and the IT sector (Information Technology) is the most promising. The IT industry in Rio Grande do Sul is increasing annually and more than 70% of companies in the sector are developing custom software. In this scenario - Operations Management Services, Knowledge Management and IT KIBS - the present work aimed to develop a management operation services for KIBS IT custom software development. The research involved the following steps: (i) Step 01, holding literature and direct observation, (ii) Step 02, model development, (iii) Step 03, assessment specialist, (iv) Step 04, adjustments in the model ( v) Stage 05, deployment method, (vi) Step 06, application of the model, (vii) Step 07, analysis of results, and (viii) Step 08, the project completion. The main results from the completion of the research objectives were to structure the operational management of the company where the model was applied, the results for this company structuring, and identification of items of the model where the results were better and where you need to adjust or give more time to apply the model. The results are evaluated in the context of the company in which the model was applied.

[pt] Nas organizações industriais contemporâneas, a competição global e o avanço das tecnologias de informação tornam os produtos e processos cada vez mais semelhantes. O desempenho operacional passa, então, a ser um dos principais mecanismos de diferenciação. Nesse cenário, a área de planejamento e programação da produção ganha um inédito papel estratégico. O presente estudo se propôs a investigar esse novo papel com um olhar centrado nas rotinas organizacionais e nas pessoas que exercem a função. Mais especificamente, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa, o trabalho utilizou o método fenomenográfico para compreender como os programadores concebem a competência nas suas rotinas organizacionais. A análise das entrevistas identificou três diferentes concepções. A primeira está associada à tarefa de alocação eficiente de recursos e materiais. A segunda vê a programação como um processo de mediação entre as diferentes áreas da empresa. E a terceira atribui ao programador de produção a reponsabilidade de fazer a gestão estratégica da operação. Além disso, foram identificadas seis dimensões do fenômeno que explicam e diferenciam as concepções, são elas: Raciocínio lógico, Conhecimento técnico (do processo produtivo), Conhecimento sistêmico (de outras áreas), Estratégia de negociação, Aspecto manifesto da rotina e Envolvimento com a estratégia corporativa. Os achados sugerem, por fim, que a dimensão estratégica da programação é verificável, em diferentes graus, nas suas rotinas. Além disso, ao revelar a concepção competência como sendo a mediação entre as diferentes áreas da empresa, o estudo traz as estratégias de negociação para o centro do debate sobre a realização competente das rotinas de programação da produção. / [en] In contemporary industrial organizations, global competition and the advancement of information technologies make products and processes increasingly similar. Operational performance then becomes one of the main differentiation mechanisms. In this scenario, the area of production planning and scheduling gains an unprecedented strategic role. The present study aimed to investigate this new role with a focus on the organizational routines and the people who perform them. More specifically, from a qualitative and interpretative approach, this study used phenomenography method to understand how schedulers conceive competence in their organizational routines. The analysis of the interviews identified three different conceptions. The first is associated with the task of efficient allocation of resources and materials. The second sees scheduling as a process of mediation between the different areas of the company. And the third assigns to the production planner the responsibility to do the strategic management of the enterprise operations. In addition, six dimensions of the phenomenon that explain and differentiate the conceptions are identified: Logical reasoning, Technical knowledge (of the productive process), Systemic knowledge (of other areas), Negotiation strategy, Manifested aspect of the routine and Involvement with corporate strategy. The findings suggest that the strategic dimension of scheduling is verifiable, to different degrees, in production planning routines. In addition, by revealing the concept of competence as being the mediation between the different areas of the company, the study brings negotiation strategies to the center of the debate on the competent realization of production planning routines.

The diffusion of innovations is a fundamental aspect of the innovative process, to which the literature on innovation dedicated a lot of attention. This voluminous literature covers a variety of themes, such as different kinds of innovations, potential adopters, and mechanisms by which the innovation spreads among its potential users. However, some aspects of this vast literature still deserve some further investigation. The objective of the thesis is to study the adoption and diffusion of a consumer technology, the portable digital audio player (DAP) market in Europe and Japan. The methodology is quantitative and consists on the collection and analysis of two original datasets. The first dataset regards the demand-side consisting in a survey of 1562 young potential adopters from 9 countries (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, UK, and Japan). The other source of data is a dataset of 585 DAPs marketed between 2001 and 2009, including information on product characteristics (storage space, size, etc.) and price. The analysis of the data is carried out at three levels. The first one regards the demand-side, with the aim of assessing how users' characteristics shape the adoption decision, and providing a classification of potential adopters that goes beyond the usual classification based on timing of adoption or on the distribution of a single variable such as income. The second level concentrates on the supply-side, testing if there is a systematic relationship between product price and its objectively measurable characteristics and evaluating how technical change in the sector influences the diffusion path by matching products' quality change with users' preferences and patterns of adoption over time. Finally, the third level aims at providing evidence on whether conventional models of diffusion are able to provide an adequate explanation of the diffusion of DAPs, and moreover, on how the assumptions underlying these models might be combined or synthesised into a coherent framework.

Highway clients are increasingly concerned with the environmental consequences and sustainability implications of their highway maintenance service. This is because the service consumes a significant amount of natural resources, is financial and energy-intensive and is a large Greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter responsible for global warming and climate change. This has placed the highway maintenance sector, including its supply chain under increasing pressure to deliver well-maintained low-carbon maintenance service, whilst addressing its climate change impacts. The highway stakeholders increasing focus on carbon footprinting is a direct response to the legal obligation presented by the enactment of the UK s Climate Change Act (2008) and the Carbon Reduction Commitments. Investment decisions on highway infrastructure must now account for carbon and financial costs in a balanced manner. Highway clients now require their supply chains to demonstrate the capacity to reduce both direct and indirect carbon, and provide carbon footprint information relating to the work done or being tendered for. This is driving the sector to re-think its business operations within environmental, economic and social limits, which inherently presents risks and opportunities poorly understood by the stakeholders. It requires an in-depth understanding of the business operations, inputs and outputs. These business requirements are compounded given the lack of an agreed industrial methodology standard focusing on carbon footprinting, the knowledge and skill gaps, system boundary definitions, credible industrial data and their collection approach. The aim of this study is to develop a project-focused and process-based carbon footprinting methodology that includes a decision-support and carbon management tool to assist carbon management decision-making in highway maintenance planning and operation. This study then explored how the PAS2050 protocol can enhance the highway maintenance service delivery carbon footprinting and identify opportunities for reduction. It briefly reviews carbon emissions performance and the UK s highway maintenance sector, and developed a methodological framework that includes a carbon evaluation tool (the sponsor s business focus tool) based on the PAS2050 protocol. The framework developed is specific to highway maintenance planning and operation. It offers a carbon Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool that can identify emission hotspots across the process value chain, and inform a carbon reduction hierarchy. The implementation of the PAS2050-compliant methodology framework and the carbon evaluation tool for core highway maintenance processes (for example, pavement resurfacing, pavement marking, bulk lamp replacement and grass cutting), in addition to carbon footprinting across different site locations (urban, semi-urban and rural) are presented. The results indicate that materials production and their delivery to site (embodied carbon) are areas of carbon hotspots. This represents an important decision point for highway designers, managers and maintainers in order to deliver low-carbon service. These carbon hotspots suggest a less energy-intensive or green materials manufacturing process, responsible sourcing, use of recycled and secondary materials sourced locally (closer to sites) and delivered in bulk. The step-by-step carbon footprinting approach presented in this study is unique. It can be used by other sectors within the built environment as a pragmatic means of identifying and prioritising areas of potential carbon reduction through informed decision-making.

Este é um estudo no campo teórico da Gestão de Operações Internacionais - IOM (International Operations Management), visto que a globalização dos negócios enseja e justifica pesquisas na gestão de seus sistemas produtivos crescentemente globalizados. Interesse especial recai sobre a teoria das Redes Internacionais de Manufatura - IMN (International Manufacturing Network). Uma IMN é um sistema coordenado de fábricas interdependentes, dispersas pelo mundo, interno a empresas multinacionais e sob controle direto de seus gestores. Seus elementos organizacionais são a Configuração, composta da dispersão geográfica e do papel estratégico de cada fábrica; e a Coordenação, composta da governança e dos processos operacionais da IMN. Uma das lacunas de pesquisa em IMNs trata do constructo \"avaliação de desempenho\". Apesar de ela ser um processo de feedback que é central à coordenação e ao gerenciamento estratégico de IMNs, pouco tem sido investigado sobre suas características, propósitos e efeitos. Isto é, as pesquisas têm investigado apenas o desempenho (resultado) em si, e não como ele é apurado e avaliado. Ademais, IMNs evoluem, na sua missão e características organizacionais, para cumprir estratégias que são dinâmicas por natureza. Logo, supõe-se que mecanismos de coordenação, como a avaliação de desempenho, por alinhamento interno, devam evoluir junto. A maior contribuição e deliverable desta tese foi propor um modelo que descreva e explique como avaliar o desempenho de IMNs. Baseado nos campos de IOM e Desempenho Organizacional, sua montagem combinou os elementos organizacionais de IMNs com as condições necessárias e suficientes à existência da avaliação de desempenho em uma organização. Desse modo, o modelo do processo de avaliação de desempenho de IMNs buscou incluir e lidar com complexos aspectos das organizações, que advêm tanto da sua busca por soluções gerenciais transnacionais quanto das suas condições competitivas. O modelo do processo foi então verificado empiricamente quanto a sua congruência e utilidade. Dada a prevalência de análises contextuais, o método de pesquisa escolhido foi o estudo de caso. O trabalho de campo ocorreu em três multinacionais brasileiras, escolhidas para maior riqueza de dados, entre outros critérios, por terem diferentes tipos de IMN e serem de diferentes indústrias. Os dados, tanto qualitativos quanto quantitativos, foram coletados por levantamento documental e entrevistas em cada empresa-caso, sendo então analisados longitudinal e transversalmente. Como resultado, as evidências sugerem que o modelo do processo aqui proposto é uma ferramenta congruente e útil para descrever e explicar como ocorre a avaliação de desempenho de uma IMN. Ademais, a avaliação de desempenho parece ser mais importante e estruturada em multinacionais cuja IMN tem coordenação de viés global (gerenciamento centralizado) bem como a estratégia de manufatura tende a produção \"enraizada\" (interna), trazendo assim mais contribuição à coordenação e ao gerenciamento estratégico da IMN. O modelo do processo e os descriptive insights gerados nesta tese ensejam pesquisas futuras tais como um survey amplo para levantar como as multinacionais de diversos setores e países têm avaliado o desempenho de suas IMNs, ou uma pesquisa-ação que prescreva a implantação de completa avaliação de desempenho, alinhada a um tipo particular de IMN. Para a prática, os resultados podem encorajar gestores a revisar e incrementar a avaliação de desempenho de suas IMNs, para tirar maior proveito desse processo gerencial. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to propose a performance assessment process model for International Manufacturing Networks (IMN). Despite performance assessment being a feedback process that feeds IMN coordination and strategic management, little research has been done regarding its purposes, features and effects. Based on the fields of International Operations Management and Organisational Performance, the process model development combined the constituent elements of IMNs with the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of performance assessment in an organisation. A multiple case research, in three multinational companies from Brazil, verified empirically the process model\'s fitness and usefulness. Data collected from company reports and interviews with two corporate managers in each case were examined with within-case analyses and then cross-case analysis. Evidence suggests the process model is a valuable tool for describing how IMN performance assessment unfolds. Additionally, IMN performance assessment seems to have higher importance and structure in multinationals whose manufacture tends to be rooted (in-house) and globally coordinated (centralized management), thus contributing more to IMN coordination and strategic management. Future research includes a large sample survey in multinationals from diverse industries and countries, and a workbook-based research action to implement a full-fledged performance assessment, aligned to a specific type of IMN. Furthermore, this study\'s process model and descriptive insights may encourage managers to improve the performance assessment of their and therefore optimize its utilization.

abstract: Revenue management is at the core of airline operations today; proprietary algorithms and heuristics are used to determine prices and availability of tickets on an almost-continuous basis. While initial developments in revenue management were motivated by industry practice, later developments overcoming fundamental omissions from earlier models show significant improvement, despite their focus on relatively esoteric aspects of the problem, and have limited potential for practical use due to computational requirements. This dissertation attempts to address various modeling and computational issues, introducing realistic choice-based demand revenue management models. In particular, this work introduces two optimization formulations alongside a choice-based demand modeling framework, improving on the methods that choice-based revenue management literature has created to date, by providing sensible models for airline implementation. The first model offers an alternative formulation to the traditional choice-based revenue management problem presented in the literature, and provides substantial gains in expected revenue while limiting the problem’s computational complexity. Making assumptions on passenger demand, the Choice-based Mixed Integer Program (CMIP) provides a significantly more compact formulation when compared to other choice-based revenue management models, and consistently outperforms previous models. Despite the prevalence of choice-based revenue management models in literature, the assumptions made on purchasing behavior inhibit researchers to create models that properly reflect passenger sensitivities to various ticket attributes, such as price, number of stops, and flexibility options. This dissertation introduces a general framework for airline choice-based demand modeling that takes into account various ticket attributes in addition to price, providing a framework for revenue management models to relate airline companies’ product design strategies to the practice of revenue management through decisions on ticket availability and price. Finally, this dissertation introduces a mixed integer non-linear programming formulation for airline revenue management that accommodates the possibility of simultaneously setting prices and availabilities on a network. Traditional revenue management models primarily focus on availability, only, forcing secondary models to optimize prices. The Price-dynamic Choice-based Mixed Integer Program (PCMIP) eliminates this two-step process, aligning passenger purchase behavior with revenue management policies, and is shown to outperform previously developed models, providing a new frontier of research in airline revenue management. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Industrial Engineering 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissHFS.pdf: 4360077 bytes, checksum: e6a2eebb37af803f2c31bee6e3846d67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-19 / The high competitiveness imposed by the current market characterized by the global competition and by consumer requirements, have been causing more complexity in the enterprise management. Because of that, the increase in the diversity of products offered to the market, and the availability of these products at the precise time and number, have become important competitive plus. We can add to these factors others previously existent, as price and quality, equally important. The forecasting management is the determinant function to this environment, in order to achieve the required availability, with cost efficiency. This function consists of the historical data explains and the consumers future behavior. The areas more directly connected to forecasting management are: (a) Marketing, (b) Production Control Planning, (c) Manufacturing, (d) Material Control Planning, (e) Logistic, (f) Supply Chain. In this way, observing the current enterprise difficulties, this research has the goal to analyze in details the forecasting management matter, an then identify better operations management practices. In order to better feature the issue, a case study has been carried out at a white goods company in Brazil. The case study acknowledged the importance of forecasting for operations. Furthermore, good practices have been identified to help the production manager work. / A alta competitividade imposta pelo mercado atual, caracterizada pela concorrência global e pelas exigências mais refinadas dos consumidores, vem causando maior complexidade na gestão empresarial. Em função disto, o aumento da diversidade de produtos oferecidos ao mercado, e a disponibilidade destes produtos no momento e quantidades desejadas, tornaram-se fatores competitivos importantes no momento da escolha dos clientes. Somam-se a estes fatores, outros anteriormente existentes, como preço e qualidade, igualmente representativos. Neste ambiente, a função determinante para alcançar a disponibilidade exigida, com eficiência em custos, é a gestão de demanda, que consiste na interpretação dos dados históricos e o possível comportamento futuro dos clientes. As áreas mais diretamente relacionadas com a gestão de demanda nas organizações são: (a) Marketing, (b) Planejamento e Controle de Produção, (c) Manufatura, (d) Planejamento e Controle de Materiais, (e) Logística de Distribuição de Produtos, (f) Cadeia de Suprimentos. Assim, observando as dificuldades atuais das organizações, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar com detalhes a questão da gestão de demanda e então identificar melhores formas de gestão das operações. Para melhor caracterizar o assunto, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa do segmento de eletrodomésticos no Brasil. Com isso comprovou-se a importância da previsão de demanda para as operações, e foram identificas alternativas para facilitar o trabalho dos administradores de produção.

Submitted by Diêgo Valerio de Godoy Del Monico null (diegodelmonico@gmail.com) on 2017-05-02T23:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao_diego_delmonico.pdf: 1723582 bytes, checksum: 8ca03a81a9278297c796eae42e32103b (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-05-03T20:45:38Z (GMT) / Submitted by Diêgo Valerio de Godoy Del Monico null (diegodelmonico@gmail.com) on 2017-05-11T12:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO DIEGO DELMONICO.pdf: 1985471 bytes, checksum: 7e0e5cb2354925ff0bb8fb74f45651e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-12T13:11:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 delmonico_dvg_me_bauru.pdf: 1985471 bytes, checksum: 7e0e5cb2354925ff0bb8fb74f45651e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:11:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 delmonico_dvg_me_bauru.pdf: 1985471 bytes, checksum: 7e0e5cb2354925ff0bb8fb74f45651e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desse estudo é analisar as principais barreiras às compras públicas sustentáveis no Brasil por meio da percepção de profissionais do setor público envolvidos com o programa governamental A3P. Compras públicas sustentáveis é subtema da gestão de operações sustentáveis e manifesta relações com vários temas que, relacionados à sustentabilidade, têm sido foco de forma cada vez mais abrangente de estudos acadêmicos e da atenção governamental, tais como gestão de cadeias de suprimentos sustentáveis e logística reversa. Para alcançar o objetivo foi realizado um survey com 54 profissionais de órgãos públicos brasileiros relacionados à Agenda Ambiental da Administração Pública (A3P). Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio do software de análise estatística SPSS, a partir estatística descritiva, análise de correlação, e análise fatorial exploratória. Entre os principais resultados destacam-se a) a desarticulação entre as esferas do setor público foi a variável com a qual os respondentes mais concordaram se tratar de uma barreira às compras públicas sustentáveis, b) os aspectos de cultura organizacional são barreira mais determinante às compras públicas sustentáveis, c) gestores de nível nacional e subnacional veem de forma diferente o apoio da alta administração como barreira às compras públicas sustentáveis. Este trabalho contribui com a literatura ao realizar um survey com especialistas do setor público brasileiro sobre compras públicas sustentáveis. / The objective of this study is to analyze the main barriers sustainable public procurement in Brazil through the perception of public sector professionals involved with the A3P government program. Sustainable public procurement is a subtheme of sustainable operations management, it has a connection with many themes that are related to sustainability and it is focused on academic studies and government attention, such as: sustainable supply chain management and reverse logistics. To reach the goal, it was performed a survey with 54 professionals from public agencies related to the Environmental Public Administration Agenda (A3P). The collected data were analyzed through statistical analysis software (SPSS), based on descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and exploratory factorial analysis. Among the main results are: a) The disarticulation between the public sector spheres was the variable which the respondents most agreed that it was a barrier to sustainable public procurement, b) organizational culture aspects are the most determinant barrier to sustainable public procurement, c) managers at the national and subnational levels have a different view about the support of top management as a barrier to sustainable public procurement. This dissertation contributes with the literature search for the Brazilian public sector on sustainable public procurement.

Le travail de recherche présenté dans cette thèse est l’un des premiers dans le domaine de la gestion optimisée des services d’aide médicale urgente en France. Il est conduit dans le cadre d’un projet ANR qui vise à proposer de nouveaux scénarios d’organisation pour le SAMU du département du Val-de-Marne pour offrir aux patients l’accès adapté aux soins, tout en disposant de ressources limitées. Pour cela, nous développons un modèle de simulation à évènements discrets qui modélise et évalue la performance actuelle de ce système complexe et identifie des pistes d’amélioration susceptibles de réduire la durée entre la réception de l’appel et l’arrivée d’une équipe sur le lieu de l’accident, appelé temps de réponse, qui est un aspect critique dans les systèmes d’urgence pré-hospitaliers. Ce modèle de simulation est utilisé pour quantifier l’impact de divers scénarii se rapportant aux nombres de ressources humaines et matérielles, à la localisation de ces ressources à travers le territoire du Val-de-Marne de manière statique et à l’affectation de ces ressources aux interventions. En outre, nous avons effectué des analyses de sensibilité sur différents paramètres du modèle comme le nombre d’appels reçus, les temps de trajet et les temps de service. Finalement, nous avons utilisé deux approches d’optimisation par simulation afin d’étudier l’impact de la relocalisation des équipes dans différentes bases du département plusieurs fois dans une journée afin de tenir compte des fluctuations des temps de trajet et du nombre de ressources. Les résultats de ces deux approches ont été analysés puis comparés au regard des temps de calcul et de la distribution du temps de réponse. / The research addressed in this thesis is one of the first studies to address the Emergency Medical Service in France, known as SAMU (which stands for the French acronym of Urgent Medical Aid Services). It is funded by the French National Research Agency and aims at improving the organizational processes of the Val-de-Marne department SAMU system in order to meet the population’s needs under limited resources. For this purpose, we develop a discrete event simulation model in order to assess the current performance of this complex system, as well as to investigate the effects of potential process changes that would lead to enhanced operational efficiency, in terms of response time performance (i.e. the period between the receipt of a call and the first arrival of a rescue team at the scene), which is a critical aspect for SAMU providers. This model was used as a decision-support tool for comparing the relative benefits of several scenarios mainly related to the needed resource levels and static location of rescue teams throughout the Val-de-Marne area and their assignment to incoming calls. Sensivity analyses were also performed by changing values of some input parameters such as arrival rates of calls, travel times and service times. Finally, we used two simulation optimization approaches to analyze the impact of rescue teams assignment to bases by considering temporal fluctuations of travel times and number of resources during a day. Experimental results of the two approaches were analyzed and compared regarding computational times and response time distribution.