Bakgrund: Den äldre befolkningen ökar samtidigt som allt fler äldre i Sverige har sina tänder i behåll. Fler kvarvarande tänder och komplicerade restaurationer i munnen ställer större krav på utförd oral hälsovård för den äldre individen och de som ger omsorg till den sköra eller beroende äldre. Tillsammans med att den orala hälsan påverkar och påverkas av individers allmänhälsa och livskvalitet, blir omsorgspersonalens handlingar och beteenden avgörande. Därav finns ett intresse av att studera hur beteenden ser ut hos omsorgspersonal inom äldrevården. Syfte: Att beskriva attityden till och kunskapen om oral hälsovård för sköra eller beroende äldre hos ett begränsat antal omsorgspersonal inom Uppsala Kommun. Metod och material: En enkätstudie med totalt 82 personal inom hemtjänst respektive vård- och omsorgsboende utfördes. Mätinstrumentet som användes var nursing Dental Coping Beliefs Scale. Deskriptiva data presenterades samt analyserades. Resultat: Det blev totalt 53 enkätsvar som användes i studien. Medelvärdet för totala poängen av enkäten var tämligen lågt, detsamma gäller för oral hälsotro, självtillit, intern- och externt locus of control. Extern locus of controll visades signifikant högre för personalen inom vård- och omsorgsboenden jämfört med personalen inom hemtjänsten. Slutsats: Omsorgspersonalen visade gemensamt en tämligen positiv attityd och måttlig nivå av kunskap kring sköra eller beroende äldres orala hälsa. Det krävs fler studier inom området för en verklighetsbild då denna studies resultat visats tveksam. / Background: The elderly population is increasing at the same time as more and more older people in Sweden retain their natural teeth. More remaining teeth and complicated restorations in the mouth place greater demands on performing oral hygiene for the elderly and for those who provide care. Oral health has an impact on and is affected by general health and quality of life. Therefore, the actions and behaviors of nursing staff become crucial for the oral health and quality of life of the frail or dependent elderly. Aim: To describe the attitudes and knowledge regarding oral health care for frail or dependent elderly among a limited number of nursing staff within the Uppsala municipality. Method and material: A survey was conducted with a total of 82 participants. The Nursing Dental Coping Belief Scale index was used to measure and collect data. Descriptive data were presented and analyzed. Results: The mean value for the total score of the questionnaire was relatively low. The same applies to oral health care beliefs, self-efficacy, and internal and external locus of control. External locus of control was shown to be significantly higher for the nursing care staff compared to the home care staff. Conclusion: The care staff shows a moderate level of attitude and knowledge about the oral health of frail and dependent elderly people. This study has been shown to be questionable, therefore more studies are required within the area.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of oral health and possible associations with socioeconomic and socio-behavioural factors, in an adult population over a period of 30 years. A further aim is to describe attitudes to, and demands of dental care, and the impact of oral conditions on quality of life. The study sample consisted of 787-1158 individuals, aged between 35-85 years, randomly selected from Dalarna’s population register in 1982, 2002, 2007 and 2012. The studies were carried out in 1983, 2003, 2008 and 2013, and the participants responded to a questionnaire and a clinical examination of oral status. There has been a substantial improvement in oral status in regard to the mean number of teeth, intact teeth, and less removable dentures over this period of 30 years. The proportion of individuals with alveolar bone loss decreased significantly between 1983 and 2008, but increased significantly between 2008 and 2013. Smoking was the overall strongest factor associated with alveolar bone loss, after adjustment for socioeconomic and socio-behaviour factors, age and number of teeth. Calculus, visible on radiographs, increased significantly between 2003 and 2013. The proportion of individuals with manifest caries declined significantly between 1983 and 2008, but seems to level out between 2008 and 2013. Socioeconomic and socio-behaviour factors were significantly associated with manifest caries. Preventive treatment, meeting the same caregiver as on previous visits, and information about treatment cost was reported to a significantly lower degree as important in 2013, compared with 2003 and 2008, and booking time for treatment was reported as more difficult in 2013, compared with earlier years. Regular recalls was reported as less important in 2013, compared with 2008. A third of the respondents reported oral impact on daily performance and irregular dental visits, limited economy for dental care, less than 20 remaining teeth, manifest caries and temporomandibular disorder were significantly associated with oral impact on daily performance.

Le brossage des dents, la mastication des aliments et toutes autres activités orales quotidiennes peuvent provoquer une bactériémie transitoire. Cette bactériémie transitoire a le potentiel de causer une endocardite infectieuse en présence de certains facteurs de risque. Les cardiopathies congénitales chez les enfants font partie de ces facteurs de risque. Le contrôle de la plaque dentaire et une bonne santé buccodentaire permettent de réduire le risque d’endocardite infectieuse. Les objectifs du présent projet de recherche visent à évaluer les connaissances des parents d’enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales sur l’endocardite infectieuse et son lien avec la santé buccodentaire et de connaître les habitudes d’hygiène orale personnelles et professionnelles adoptées par les enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales. Le projet de recherche vise également à évaluer l’efficacité de deux méthodes d’enseignement d’hygiène orale chez les enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales. La procédure expérimentale implique que tous les parents ou gardiens légaux d’enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales, âgés entre 6 et 12 ans qui visitent le service de cardiologie du CHU Sainte-Justine sont sollicités à participer au projet de recherche. Un formulaire d’information et de consentement ainsi qu’un questionnaire sont remis aux parents. Le questionnaire vise à évaluer la connaissance des parents d’enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales sur ce qu’est l’endocardite infectieuse et son lien avec la santé buccodentaire ainsi que de connaître les habitudes d’hygiène orale personnelles et professionnelles des enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales. L’examen clinique nécessaire au projet de recherche implique le prélèvement d’un indice de plaque Quigley & Hein, Turesky modifié avant et après que l’enfant participant au projet de recherche ait appliqué les instructions d’hygiène orale reçues. L’enfant est assigné à l’une des deux méthodes d’instructions d’hygiène orale avec l’aide d’une table de randomisation. La méthode d’instructions d’hygiène orale du groupe 1 correspond à des instructions transmises par le cardiologue tandis que la méthode d’instructions d’hygiène orale du groupe 2 correspond aux instructions transmises par l’intermédiaire d’un document audio visuel. Des analyses chi-carré et des tests de T pairé ainsi que des analyses de variance univariée (one-way ANOVA) et des analyses de corrélation de Pearson entre le questionnaire et les données cliniques ont été effectuées pour analyser les données recueillies. Les résultats démontrent que les parents d’enfants « à risque élevé » d’effet adverse d’une endocardite infectieuse ne connaissent pas davantage le risque d’endocardite infectieuse d’origine buccodentaire que les parents d’enfants « de moindre risque » (p=0,104). Les résultats démontrent toutefois que les parents d’enfants atteints de cardiopathies congénitales qui connaissent le risque d’endocardite infectieuse et son lien avec la santé buccodentaire adhèrent à des comportements dans le but de maintenir une bonne santé buccodentaire chez leur enfant. Les résultats qui proviennent de l’examen clinique démontrent que l’application des instructions d’hygiène orale faites par le cardiologue et par l’intermédiaire d’un document audio visuel permettent d’observer une différence statistiquement significative (p=0,000) au niveau du contrôle de la plaque dans chacun de ces groupes. Toutefois, aucune différence statistiquement significative (p=0,668) n’a pu être démontrée entre les deux méthodes d’instructions d’hygiène orale. Les parents qui connaissent le lien entre la santé buccodentaire et le risque d’endocardite infectieuse pour leur enfant atteint de cardiopathie congénitale adoptent un comportement pour optimiser la santé buccodentaire de leur enfant. Les instructions d’hygiène orale par l’intermédiaire d’un document audio visuel sont équivalentes aux instructions d’hygiène orale prodiguées par le cardiologue. / Tooth brushing and food chewing are among the oral activities that can cause transient bacteremia. A transient bacteremia can initiate infective endocarditis in patients at risk. Risk factors for infective endocarditis in children include most congenital heart diseases and it has been shown that effective plaque control and good oral hygiene can reduce the risk for infective endocarditis initiated by bacteria of oral origin. The present research objectives were drawn up to evaluate the level of knowledge of parents of children with congenital heart disease on infective endocarditis and its relation to oral health. Our other research objective was to probe the oral hygiene habits of children with congenital heart disease. The efficacy of two oral hygiene instructional methods in children with congenital heart disease was also evaluated. The experimental procedure meant the involvement of all the parents of children with congenital heart disease, between 6 and 12 years old who were visiting the department of cardiology at the CHU Sainte-Justine. They were solicited to participate in the research project and were given an information and consent form. All parents who agreed to participate were given the questionnaire that was used to evaluate the knowledge of parents of children with congenital heart disease on infective endocarditis and its association with oral health. The questionnaire also aimed to know the personal and professional oral hygiene habits of children with congenital heart disease. A clinical exam performed on each child cited the Quigley & Hein, Turesky modified plaque index before and after the utilization of the assigned oral hygiene instructions. Each child was assigned to one of the two oral hygiene instruction groups through a randomization table. The method of oral hygiene instructions of group 1 corresponded to the instructions given by the cardiologist and the method of oral hygiene instructions of group 2 corresponded the to instructions given by an audio visual presentation. Paired T-test and Chi-square analyses, as well as one-way ANOVA analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis were produced to evaluate the data. The results demonstrated that the knowledge of the association between oral health and infective endocarditis was not superior in parents of children with higher risk of adverse effect from infective endocarditis than in parents of children with a lesser risk (p=0,104). Interestingly enough, parents of children with a congenital heart disease that are knowledgeable about the association will adopt preventive behaviors in order to promote their child’s oral heath and reduce their risk for infective endocarditis. The clinical exam also demonstrated that both oral hygiene instructions methods were effective for plaque control (p=0,000) but no significant statistical difference was found between the two methods (p=0,668). The parents of children with congenital heart disease that are aware of the association between oral health and infective endocarditis demonstrated preventive oral health behaviors to promote oral health in comparison with the parents who lacked the knowledge. The oral hygiene instructions methods given by way of the audio visual presentation was not superior to those given by the cardiologist.

Purpose: To assess the impact of dental Medicaid reform in Virginia on dental practice settings (private practice, corporate practice and safety net clinics). Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 16.2 million dental claims is from the Virginia Department of Medical Assistance Services, which included claims for providers participating in Virginia’s Medicaid program during a 10-year period (2002-2012). The dividing date for the reform was July 1, 2005. The outcome measure was mean claims per participating provider. A Poisson regression model was used to predict the mean number of claims per provider with the following predictors: reform period, practice setting, provider specialty, practice location. Results: The mean number of claims after program reform was significantly higher depending on practice setting and provider specialty, but not practice location. Conclusion: Medicaid reform has resulted in a significant increase in the number of dental claims, providers, and practice settings in Virginia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess if the topic of eating disorders is a part of post-graduate pediatric dental residency training curriculum. This study examined if there is a need for increased training of pediatric dental residents regarding the oral manifestations and treatment of patients with eating disorders.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was used to compare data from all 66 post-graduate pediatric dental residency program directors. After thirty days a second emailing was conducted, with an additional thirty days to reply. Univariate distributions were obtained and percents for all items were based on the total number of respondents. The university-based programs and the hospital-based programs were compared and analyzed using chi-square analysis based on their percentages. Results: University-based programs were significantly less likely to offer curriculum on anorexia nervosa than hospital-based programs (13% versus 50%, pConclusion: An increase of clinically applicable eating disorder curriculum in post-graduate pediatric training is needed to enable residents to be more knowledgeable and effective practitioners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate esthetic posterior stainless steel crowns (EP-SSC) and compare their relative shear strengths.Methods: Sixty EP-SSC were compared. 15 crowns from NuSmile® Primary Crowns, Kinder Krowns, and Dental Innovators 1UP and EC Crowns were studied. The crowns were cemented to a typodont tooth then thermally cycled in water baths to simulate oral conditions. Shear strengths were evaluated by subjecting these crowns to simulated forces of occlusion.Results: The force required to cause shearing of the esthetic facings was statistically significant. With the 1UP crown being significantly weaker than the other crowns tested. Conclusion: The 1 UP crowns failed at lower levels of force than the other types of EP-SSC. The shear strengths for the three other crown types were not statistically different from each other. The esthetic facings do not likely fail from the single point load of a child's bite.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the baseline oral health status of infants and the level of their caregiver's oral health knowledge for families who received preventive oral health services in a medical setting. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study, children 0-3 years of age received an oral health screening, risk assessment, caregiver education, and a fluoride varnish treatment in an ambulatory pediatric medical clinic. A 16-item oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire was delivered to the caregiver of child. This questionnaire included knowledge, behavior and opinion items on risk factors for dental diseases, care of child's teeth, and socio-demographic characteristics of the family. Six-months after the medical visit, dental claims were examined to see if children had made a dental visit. Results: One hundred and ninety-five children received preventive oral health services in this clinic. Of these, 103 caregivers agreed to complete the oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire. Twenty-percent of children screening had visible signs of tooth decay, according to risk-assessment 72% were categorized as high-risk for tooth decay, and 83% received a fluoride varnish treatment. At 6-months, 9% of children were found to have had a dental visit. According to the caregiver questionnaire the likelihood of having a dental visit was correlated with the caregiver's knowledge of when a child should have their first dental visit and having been told by a medical professional when their child should be going to the dentist. Conclusion: Children are more likely to have a dental visit when caregivers are aware of the age 1 dental visit, or when advised to seek care by a medical professional. With increased education of medical providers, starting in medical residency training, more children can be seen for preventive oral health care resulting in an earlier establishment of a dental home.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to asses the oral health quality of life of children with special health care needs. This study examined the effects of oral health conditions on general well-being and family life of these children. A secondary aim of the study was to investigate correlations between specific health care conditions, gender, and age of these children and their global ratings of oral health and well-being.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design with subjects who are members of the Virginia Care Connection for Children program, based at Virginia Commonwealth University. The oral health quality of life was measured using a shortened version of the Parental – Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). The questionnaire includes measures of global ratings of oral health and well-being as well as effects of oral health on domains of oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and family well-being/parental distress. The parents/caregivers were asked to report on these domains as they related to their child's oral health within the past 3 months. Additional survey items included questions regarding demographic factors of the child (age, sex, special health care conditions) and parent (i.e. mother, father, or other). Results: The survey was sent out to 429 individuals and 137 usable surveys were returned for a response rate of 32%. Special health care conditions of the children were categorized and reported as follows: 1) Neurodevelopmental/Genetic/Neuro-muscular disorders, N=69 (59.13%); 2) Respiratory disorders, N=12 (10.43%); 3) Cardiac disorders, N=5 (4.35%); 4) Craniofacial disorders, N=12 (10.43%); 5) Metabolic disorders, N=15 (13.04%); 6) Psychological disorders, N=3 (2.61%). In general, caregivers reported the children to have a fair to good oral health quality of life in each domain. It was determined that two of the domains, functional limitations and emotional well-being, were not correlated with the child's oral health or well-being. However, the oral symptoms and family well-being/parental distress domains did have a positive correlation (p = 0.0340 and p = 0.0420, respectively). Conclusions: In a population of children with special health care needs it appears that oral symptoms and family well-being outweighed functional limitations and emotional well-being.

dentária e ao impacto das condições de saúde bucal nas atividades de vida diária, podem instruir o planejamento de serviços odontológicos voltados aos adolescentes, além de ampliar as medidas de prevenção existentes. Objetivos: No primeiro artigo , o objetivo foi verificar a associação entre prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária e variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamental e de condições de saúde bucal. No segundo artigo, foi verificada a a associação entre a percepção da saúde bucal e variáveis sociodemográficas e parâmetros bucais em adolescentes entre 15 a 19 anos de idade no Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal com dados da \"Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal de São Paulo - SB\", realizada em 2015. No estudo da cárie dentária, foram analisados os dados de 5558 adolescentes entre 15 a 19 anos de idade, para o estudo do impacto participaram 5409 adolescentes. Como desfecho do primeiro estudo, a cárie dentária foi avaliada pela prevalência e severidade medidas pelo índice CPOD. As variáveis independentes foram: idade, sexo, cor da pele, aglomeração domiciliar, renda mensal, atraso escolar, número de bens no domicílio, presença de sangramento gengival, presença de cálculo dentário e acesso à água fluoretada. A associação entre as variáveis e cárie dentária foi verificada através do modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros. No segundo estudo, a percepção de saúde bucal foi avaliada pelo índice de impacto das condições de saúde bucal nas atividades de vida diária (OIDP), em termos de prevalência (presença ou ausência de impacto) e severidade do impacto (escores do OIDP). Como fatores da análise, foram consideradas condições demográficas (idade, sexo, cor da pele), socioeconômicas (renda familiar, aglomeração domiciliar, número de bens no domicílio), comportamentais (atraso escolar) e de condições de saúde bucal (cárie não tratada, sangramento gengival, cálculo dentário). Para o estudo de associação entre o OIDP e as variáveis de interesse utilizou-se o modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros, considerando a amostragem complexa e os pesos amostrais. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalências (RP), identificando as variáveis associadas à manifestação do agravo, e as razões de médias (RM), indicando os fatores associados com o número de dentes afetados por cárie ou com o número de impactos das condições de saúde bucal nas atividades de vida diária e seus respetivos intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostraram índice CPOD = 3,76, enquanto que a prevalência da cárie dentária foi de 71,7% . Verificou-se que sexo feminino (RP=1,09 e IC95%=1,04-1,15), atraso escolar (RP=1,11 e IC95%=1,03-1,18), apresentar cálculo dentário (RP=1,10 e IC95%=1,01-1,20) e não ter acesso à água fluoretada (RP=1,21 e IC95%=1,01-1,45) foram fatores associados com maior prevalência da cárie dentária, possuir 9 ou mais bens no domicílio foi associado com menor prevalência da doença (RP=0,94 e IC95%=0,88-0,99) Verificou-se também que apresentar sangramento gengival (RM=1,15 e IC95%=1,02-1,30) e não ter acesso à água fluoretada (RM=1,81 e IC95%=1,56-2,09) foram fatores associados com maior severidade da doença, a renda entre maior que R$1500,00 foi associada com menor severidade da cárie dentária. A prevalência de impacto nas atividades de vida diária foi de 37,4%. Após o ajuste do modelo, pode-se observar que o gênero feminino permaneceu com maior prevalência (RP=1,58 e IC95%=1,35-1,86) e severidade do impacto (RM= 1,45 e IC95%=1,22 - 1,73). Nas características socioeconômicas, a renda familiar maior que R$2501,00 foi associada com menor severidade do impacto (RM=0,81 e IC95%=0,67-0,98). Nas condições de saúde bucal, verificou-se que a cárie não tratada permaneceu associada com maior prevalência do impacto (RP=1,55 e IC95%=1,31-1,84), enquanto sangramento gengival e cálculo dentário não foram associados ao impacto . Conclusão: Portanto, os fatores estudados: gênero, idade, renda familiar, número de bens, atraso escolar, sangramento gengival, cálculo dentário e acesso à água fluoretada foram associados à cárie dentária, enquanto que ser do gênero feminino e possuir cárie não tratada foram associados ao maior impacto enquanto que possuir renda familiar maior que R$ 2.500,00 foi associada ao menor impacto nas atividades de vida diária em adolescentes do Estado de São Paulo. / Introduction: The knowledge of the epidemiological reality and the factors associated with dental caries and dental impact in the activities of daily living can instruct the planning of dental services for adolescents, in addition to expanding existing prevention measures. Objectives: In the first study, the objective was to verify the association between demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and oral health conditions and prevalence and severity of dental caries in adolescents between 15 and 19 years in the São Paulo State. In the second study, the objective was to verify the association between oral health perception in adolescents between 15 and 19 years in the São Paulo State and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and oral health conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the \"Oral Health Survey on São Paulo State\", conducted in 2015. In the study of dental caries, 5558 adolescents between 15 and 19 years were analyzed. In the study of oral health impact, 5409 adolescents participated. In the first study, dental caries was evaluated by the prevalence and severity measured by the DMFT index. The independent variables were: age, gender, skin color, household agglomeration, family income, school delay, number of household goods, gingival bleeding at probing, dental calculus and access to fluoridated water. The association between variables and dental caries was assessed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. In the second study, the perception of oral health was evaluated by the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP), in terms of prevalence (presence or absence of impact) and severity of the impact (OIDP scores). We assessed covariates on demographic factors (age, gender, and skin color), socioeconomic conditions (family income, household agglomeration, number of household goods), behavior (school delay) and oral health status (untreated caries, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus). For the study of association between the OIDP and interest variables, we used zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, considering the complex sampling and the sample weights. The prevalence ratio (PR) were calculated, identifying the variables associated with the manifestation of the disease, and the rate ratio (RR), indicating the factors associated with the number of teeth affected by caries or the number of impacts of health conditions in daily life activities and their respective confidence intervals (CI). Results: The results showed a DMFT index of 3.76, while the dental caries prevalence was 71.7%. Female gender (PR = 1.09 and 95% CI = 1.04-1.15), school delay (PR = 1.11 and 95% CI = 1.03-1.18), had a dental calculus (PR = 1.10 and 95% CI = 1.01-1.20) and no access to fluoridated water (PR = 1.21 and 95% CI = 1.01-1.45) were factors associated with higher caries prevalence. Having 9 or more goods at home was associated with a lower disease prevalence (PR = 0.94 and 95% CI = 0.88-0.99). Gingival bleeding (RR = 1.15 and (95% CI = 1.02-1.30) and not having access to fluoridated water (RR = 1.81 and 95% CI = 1.56-2.09) were factors associated with greater severity, and family income greater than R$ 1500.00 was associated with lower dental caries severity. The prevalence of dental impact in daily life activities was 37.4%. After adjustment, observed that the female gender remained with a higher prevalence (PR = 1.58 and 95% CI = 1.35-1.86) and severity oral health impact (RR = 1.45 and 95%CI = 1.22-1.73). In socioeconomic characteristics, family income greater than R $ 2501.00 was associated with a lower impact severity (RR = 0.81 and 95% CI = 0.67-0.98). In oral health conditions, untreated caries was associated with a higher impact prevalence (PR = 1.55 and 95% CI = 1.31-1.84), while gingival bleeding and dental calculus were not associated with oral health impact. Conclusion: Therefore, the factors studied: gender, age, family income, number of assets, school delay, gingival bleeding, dental calculus and access to fluoridated water were associated with dental caries, while female gender, family income lower than R$ 2,500.00, and having untreated caries were factors associated with oral health impact in adolescents of Sao Paulo State.

Diploma work with the theme Knowledge of selected respondents about oral health consists of a theoretical and a practical part and it deals with level of awareness about oral health by dental hygiene pacients. The main aim of this work is to provide a summary of information about oral health, free from myths and marketing manipulative techniques through a leaflet which is the product of this work. While creating the educational leaflet the author reflects results of a questionnaire survey which is a research tool of the practical part of the diploma thesis. Based on the answers given in the individual questionnaires, the information brochure is primarily directed to refute the most common misconceptions or beliefs of respondents, and at the same time, it was useful for obtaining information about correct oral care in both dental surgeries and e.g. at schools during lessos of health education. The theoretical part of the diploma work is devoted to basic anatomical and histological description of oral cavity, oral health in general, distinction of the terms gingiva, dental plaque or dental calculus. The hinge part is the chapter devoted to dental hygiene, in which the author deals with both profession of a dental hygienist and means of oral cavity care in the setting of the dental hygiene surgery and...