Bakgrund: Patienter som befinner sig i livets slutskede har ofta försämrad munhälsa. Munhälsa har en betydande roll för patientens generella hälsa. Vårdpersonalens arbete spelar en stor roll i omvårdnad av patienter i livets slutskede. Försämrad munhälsa kan skapa besvär och frustration för patienter som vårdas i livets slutskede. Syfte: Att skapa en översikt av hur munhälsa kan främjas för patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt där två artiklar med kvalitativ ansats och åtta artiklar med kvantitativ ansats har analyserats. Resultat: Munvård inkluderar omvårdnadsåtgärder som behövs för att främja munhälsa hos patienter i livets slutskede. Patienter kan erfara ökat välbefinnande efter munvård och vid god munhälsa. För utförandet av munvård behövs bedömningsinstrument, tydliga riktlinjer och tillräcklig kompetens hos vårdpersonal. Slutsats: Tydliga rutiner gör att munvård prioriteras i det dagliga omvårdnadsarbetet. Bedömningsinstrument är en förutsättning för utvärdering och till hjälp vid utformning av omvårdnadsåtgärder. Vårdpersonal behöver mer utbildning om munvård i livets slutskede för förebyggande av oral ohälsa och främjad munhälsa. / Background: Patients in end of life tend to have oral health problems. Oral health is of great importance when it comes to the general health of the patient. The practise of the caregivers plays a major role in nursing care for patients in end of life. Impairment of the oral health may lead to discomfort and frustration for patients receiving care at the end of life. Aim: To review how to support the patients oral health in the end of life. Method: A general literature review consisting of two qualitative articles and eight quantitative articles. Results: Oral care includes oral procedures that supports the patients oral health at the end of life. Oral health and oral health care make the patient experience an increased level of wellbeing. For the performance of oral care, assessment instruments, clear guidelines and the necessary skills of caregivers are needed. Conclusion: Clear routines makes oral care a higher priority in daily nursing care. Assessment instruments for oral care enables assessment and formation of nursing care procedures. Caregivers need extended education about oral care for patients in end of life, to prevent oral health problems and to support oral health.

Introducción: Esta intervención se realizó en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, el cual según la DIRIS - Lima Centro, tiene altos índices de morbilidad en cuanto a salud oral. Debido al actual contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 se buscó promover hábitos en salud oral bajo estas nuevas condiciones en una familia conformada por 9 personas. Descripción del proyecto: Partiendo de un diagnóstico participativo comunitario, análisis de involucrados y priorización de problemas, se buscó promover hábitos favorables a la salud oral en los integrantes de la familia Miranda Medina durante el periodo de abril a junio del 2020. Se buscó mejorar la práctica de higiene oral y disminuir el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos. Se establecieron actividades como sesiones educativas, demostraciones y socialización de afiches educativos; se supervisaron los avances mediante el registro de horarios de frecuencia de cepillado y diarios dietéticos; para las evaluaciones se elaboraron listas de cotejo y cuestionarios. Se utilizaron indicadores de proceso y de resultados. Evaluación de Resultados: La frecuencia de cepillado varió en promedio de 1 - 2 veces/día a 3 veces/día y todos realizaban correctamente la técnica de cepillado. Asimismo, el 100% de los involucrados logró manejar conceptos de salud oral y dieta. En cuanto a dieta, el consumo de promedio de golpes de azúcares diarios bajó de moderado a bajo. Conclusiones: La intervención directa en un entorno familiar alcanzó resultados satisfactorios en hábitos favorables de cepillado y dieta. / Introduction: This intervention was carried out in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho, which according to DIRIS - Lima Centro, has high rates of morbidity in terms of oral health. Due to the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was sought to promote oral health habits under these new conditions in a family made up of 9 people. Project description: Based on a participatory community diagnosis, stakeholder analysis and prioritization of problems, it was sought to promote habits favorable to oral health in the members of the Miranda Medina family during the period from April to June 2020. It sought to improve the practice oral hygiene and reduce the consumption of cariogenic foods. Activities such as educational sessions, demonstrations and socialization of educational posters were established; Progress was monitored by recording brushing frequency schedules and diet diaries; checklists and questionnaires were prepared for the evaluations. Process and result indicators were used. Evaluation of Results: The brushing frequency ranged on average from 1 - 2 times / day to 3 times / day and all performed the brushing technique correctly. Likewise, 100% of those involved managed to handle concepts of oral health and diet. Regarding diet, the consumption of average daily sugar hits fell from moderate to low. Conclusions: The direct intervention in a family environment achieved satisfactory results in favorable brushing and diet habits. / Trabajo de investigación

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Purpose This study analyzed the dental surgical implant therapy in the past 5 years at Tygerberg Oral Health Centre, UWC Dental School, Cape Town, South Africa. The findings of this study serve as a guideline for the estimation of the prevalence in this dental hospital. The importance of this study was to aid in the establishment of the formalized electronic database for dental implant therapy. The data generated will form a foundational basis for future studies that may be conducted in the field of implantology. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Tygerberg Oral Health Centre. The data was collected from the implant dental records for the years 2012-2017. Variables measured included the patient demographics such as age, gender, an implant placed by type, length, width, and anatomical location. Frequencies and means of data were generated using IBM SPSS v20.

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide. While vitamin D deficiency’s role on caries development has been long suggested, it has yet to be confirmed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D level and coronal and root caries in the U.S. METHODS: This study analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 data for individuals 6-65 years old. Vitamin D 25(OH)D serum levels were defined according to the Endocrine Society guideline into: Sufficient >75nmol/L, Insufficient 51-75 nmol/L and Deficient < 50 nmol/L. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted on coronal dental caries (DMFT and dft) by serum 25(OH)D level. Multiple regression models were conducted controlling for confounding. Descriptive, regression models, and survival analysis were conducted to assess the relationship between total vitamin D intake and root caries among men (48-93 years) using the Dental Longitudinal Study (DLS) data. Total vitamin D intake was classified according to the Institute of Medicine definition: <400IU/day, 400-800IU/day and >800IU/day. RESULTS: Children (6-11Y) with insufficient levels of vitamin D (50-75 nmol/L) have marginally higher odds of having dental caries experience in their primary teeth compared to those with sufficient serum levels (OR=1.3, p=0.067). No significant associations were found between DMFT and vitamin D serum level before and after controlling for confounding (P>0.05). Cross-sectional analysis of the DLS baseline data showed that higher total vitamin D intake is associated with higher level of root caries (OR=1.2, P=0.011). Repeated measure regression analysis of multiple cycles of DLS data, however, showed that vitamin D total intake was not significantly associated with the level of root caries. Survival analysis also showed no association (P=0.89). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there is no significant association between vitamin D levels and coronal or root caries in permanent teeth. In contrast, lower serum vitamin D levels might be associated with higher caries levels in primary teeth. The results of this study, while adding new information, provide inconclusive evidence of the association between vitamin D and dental caries. Further investigation is needed to deepen our understanding of the role of vitamin D on dental caries development. / 2018-09-28T00:00:00Z

Objective: This study was conducted to determine how oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) changes during the late stage of comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment in adolescents and what factors may be involved. Background: Completion of orthodontic treatment has been shown to improve patients’ OHQoL due to the changes in esthetics, function and emotional well-being. The levels of OHQoL fluctuate throughout treatment where an initial decrease within the first 6 months occurs followed by an improvement towards patients’ pre-treatment levels. At 18 months of fixed orthodontic treatment, the level is unclear. The aims of this study were to clarify the changes of OHQoL during this late stage of fixed orthodontic treatment beyond 18 months in adolescents and to identify factors, including dental extractions, patient compliance, use of adjunctive appliances, and patient demographics, which may contribute to the OHQoL. Methods: This case-control study consisted of 154 adolescent patients undergoing comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment from the Nova Southeastern University orthodontic department. Subjects were selected based upon the number of months in comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment. Completion of the Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14) as well as occurrence of dental extraction during orthodontic treatment, use of adjunctive appliances, frequency of emergency and failed appointments, level of oral hygiene, and subjects’ age and gender were all recorded. Statistical analysis using structural equation modeling was used to determine the direct and indirect effects to subjects’ OHQoL. Results: The model accounted for 35% of the variance in OHQoL. There were no significant differences in average OHIP-14 scores between the initial stage of 5-7 months and final stage of 18 months and over in orthodontic treatment. The analysis of direct factors showed that females and subjects with adjunctive appliances possessed higher OHIP-14 scores. Conclusions: Treatment time beyond 18 months of treatment was not a significant factor affecting adolescents’ OHQoL. Female patients and those with adjunctive appliances expressed poorer levels of OHQoL. These factors may be attributed to the scores within the physical and psychological domains as these patients experienced pain and discomfort from appliance wear as well as negative impact on their self-esteem during comprehensive fixed orthodontics.

No description available.

Syfte: Att studera hur tidigare kariesaktiva patienter har ändrat sina vanor med resultatet minskad kariesaktivitet. Frågeställningen var: ”Hur lyckas tidigare kariesaktiva patienter ändra sina vanor?”. Material och metod: Studien genomfördes på Tandvårdshögskolan i Malmö med ett slutgiltigt urval som bestod av sex informanter varav fyra var patienter på Tandvårdshögskolan och två på Folktandvården i Malmö. Inklusionskriterierna var tidigare kariesaktiva med nu avstannad kariessjukdom, fyllda 18 år och som talade flytande svenska. För datainsamlingen genomfördes kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med efterföljande dataanalys med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.     Resultat: Den ena kategorin som identifierades var: Den varierande drivkraften som omfattade subkategorierna den positiva drivkraften och den negativa drivkraften. Den andra kategorin var: Det externa stödets vara eller icke vara omfattande externt positivt inflytande och en önskan om externt stöd (under sårbara tider).  Slutsats: Informanterna lyckades med en beteendeförändring som initierades av stöd, i form av information, eller drivkrafter, i form av funktion, estetik eller rädsla. När informanterna kände sig lyssnade på, involverade, motiverade och handlingskraftiga kunde de förstå hur de skulle kunna förändras från att vara kariesaktiva till kariesinaktiva. / Aim: To study how previously caries-active patients have changed their habits with the result reduced caries activity. The research question was, "How does previous caries-active patients manage to change their habits?" Material and method: The study was conducted at The Faculty of Odontology at Malmö University with a final sample of six informants, of whom four were patients at the faculty and two at the Public Dental Health Service in Malmö. The inclusion criteria were previously caries-active with now arrested caries disease, 18 years and above and fluent in Swedish. For data collection, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with subsequent data analysis using qualitative content analysis. Results: One category that was identified was: The varied driving force which included the subcategories the positive driving force and the negative driving force. The second category was: The presence or absence of external support including external positive influence and a desire for external support (during vulnerable times). Conclusion: The study showed that the informants managed a behavioral change which was initiated by support, in the form of information, or by driving force, in the form of function, aesthetics or fear. When the informants felt listened to, involved, motivated and driven, they could understand how they could change from being caries-active to caries-inactive.

The dental health care system has long been challenged with defining the levels of care to create an accurate and reliable method for triaging patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the demand for organized care. As a response, the American Dental Association (ADA) developed one of its first authorized protocols on how to schedule patients according to their ailments. Despite this report, no known guidelines have been found that facilitate systematized patient triage within dental health care settings. In the climate of today’s health care system especially, it is imperative to implement a methodical approach to effectively predicting the need for emergent, urgent, or elective care. The goal of this Capstone Project is to develop a scheduling guideline for the triage of dental patients and a research protocol for testing the guideline. / Oral Biology

Bakgrund: God munhälsa har betydelse för hälsa och livskvalitet. För patienter som drabbats av stroke kan nedsatt egenvårdsförmåga orsaka svårigheter att upprätthålla en god munhälsa på egen hand. Munhälsovård ingår i sjuksköterskans omvårdnad som ska främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom, återställa hälsa och lindra lidande. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans utförande av munhälsovård hos patienter som drabbats av stroke.Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. Åtta artiklar valdes ut till resultatet och data bearbetades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Munhälsovård tillhandahölls inte effektivt på grund av avsaknad av kompetens och utbildning bland sjuksköterskor samt prioritering av andra medicinska uppgifter. Tidsbrist och bristande resurser utgjorde hinder för en adekvat munhälsovård. Hälsotillstånd och ovilja gentemot omvårdnadsområdet hos de som drabbats av stroke påverkade utförandet av munhälsovård. Konklusion: Kunskap bland sjuksköterskor och patienter var bristfälligt och arbetsmiljöfaktorer som arbetsbelastning och tidsbrist har resulterat i låg prioritering av omvårdnadsområdet. Tydligare riktlinjer, rutiner och utbildning kan förbättra munhälsovården hos patienter som drabbats av stroke. / Background: Good oral health is important for health and quality of life. For patients who suffered a stroke, impaired self-care can cause difficulties in maintaining good oral health on their own. Oral health care is part of the nurse’s care, which is to promote health, prevent disease, restore health and relieve suffering. Aim: The aim was to highlight factors affecting the nurse’s execution of oral health care in patients who had suffered a stroke. Method: The study was a general litterature study with an inductive approach. Eight articles were selected for the result and data were processed with content analysis. Results: Oral health care was not provided effectively due to lack of skills and training among nurses and prioritization of other medical tasks. Lack of time and resources were obstacles for an adequate oral health care. Patients who suffered a stroke’s health status and reluctance towards the nursing field influenced the performance of oral health care. Conclusions: Knowledge among nurses and patients were deficient and work environment factors such as workload and lack of time have resulted in low prioritization of the nursing area. Clearer guidelines, routines and training can improve oral health care in patients who suffered a stroke.

No description available.