A sílica nanoestruturada SBA-15 é um polímero que devido à suas propriedades físico-químicas apresenta grande potencial como adjuvante de mucosas. A imunização pela via oral de camundongos com a vacina contra Hepatite A ou gama globulina humana adsorvida a SBA-15 revelou aumento nos títulos de anticorpos específicos IgG e IgA, comprovando que a sílica não interfere na polarização da resposta imunológica dos tipos TH1 ou TH2. Ensaios por citometria de fluxo indicaram que a SBA-15 atuou no recrutamento de fagócitos e no aumento dos números de linfócitos B e T nas placas de Peyer e linfonodos mesentéricos de animais imunizados, sugerindo a proliferação de células imunocompetentes. A administração subcutânea de SBA-15 em camundongos geneticamente selecionados para máxima [AIRMAX] ou mínima [AIRMIN] resposta inflamatória aguda confirmou o baixo potencial inflamatório e a não toxicidade dessa nanopartícula. Os resultados comprovam que a SBA-15 é um adjuvante seguro e eficiente, especialmente nas imunizações pela via oral. / The nanostructured SBA-15 silica is a polymer that due to its physicochemical properties shows great potential as a mucosal adjuvant. Immunization by the oral route of mice with Hepatitis A vaccine or human gama globulin adsorbed/encapsulated in SBA-15 revealed increases in the IgG e IgA specific antibody titers and showed that this silica does not interfere in the polarization of TH1 or TH2 immune responses. Flow cytometry assays demonstrated that SBA-15 was efficient in the recruitment of phagocytes and in the increasing numbers of B and T lymphocytes in Peyer´s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of immunized mice, promoting the proliferation of immunocompetent cells. Subcutaneous administration of SBA-15 in the genetically selected mice for high [AIRMAX] or low [AIRMIN] acute inflammatory responses indicated the low inflammatory potential and the non-toxicity of this nanoparticle. Results ascertain that SBA-15 silica is an effective and safe adjuvant especially in immunizations by the oral route.

A sílica nanoestruturada SBA-15 é um polímero que devido à suas propriedades físico-químicas apresenta grande potencial como adjuvante de mucosas. A imunização pela via oral de camundongos com a vacina contra Hepatite A ou gama globulina humana adsorvida a SBA-15 revelou aumento nos títulos de anticorpos específicos IgG e IgA, comprovando que a sílica não interfere na polarização da resposta imunológica dos tipos TH1 ou TH2. Ensaios por citometria de fluxo indicaram que a SBA-15 atuou no recrutamento de fagócitos e no aumento dos números de linfócitos B e T nas placas de Peyer e linfonodos mesentéricos de animais imunizados, sugerindo a proliferação de células imunocompetentes. A administração subcutânea de SBA-15 em camundongos geneticamente selecionados para máxima [AIRMAX] ou mínima [AIRMIN] resposta inflamatória aguda confirmou o baixo potencial inflamatório e a não toxicidade dessa nanopartícula. Os resultados comprovam que a SBA-15 é um adjuvante seguro e eficiente, especialmente nas imunizações pela via oral. / The nanostructured SBA-15 silica is a polymer that due to its physicochemical properties shows great potential as a mucosal adjuvant. Immunization by the oral route of mice with Hepatitis A vaccine or human gama globulin adsorbed/encapsulated in SBA-15 revealed increases in the IgG e IgA specific antibody titers and showed that this silica does not interfere in the polarization of TH1 or TH2 immune responses. Flow cytometry assays demonstrated that SBA-15 was efficient in the recruitment of phagocytes and in the increasing numbers of B and T lymphocytes in Peyer´s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of immunized mice, promoting the proliferation of immunocompetent cells. Subcutaneous administration of SBA-15 in the genetically selected mice for high [AIRMAX] or low [AIRMIN] acute inflammatory responses indicated the low inflammatory potential and the non-toxicity of this nanoparticle. Results ascertain that SBA-15 silica is an effective and safe adjuvant especially in immunizations by the oral route.

La réponse humorale à immunoglobulines A (IgA) constitue un des principaux mécanismes immunologiques permettant de maintenir l'homéostasie intestinale. L'initiation de la réponse IgA se déroule dans les tissus lymphoides associés à l'intestin, où la reconnaissance des antigènes intestinaux entraine l'activation des lymphocytes B naïfs, la commutation isotypique vers IgA et leur différenciation en plasmocytes. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier la contribution du foie et des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides (pDC) dans la réponse IgA intestinale. L'utilisation de deux modèles murins permettant la déplétion sélective des pDC nous a permis de démontrer que, en dépit de données publiées montrant leur capacité à engager la réponse IgA in vitro, les pDC ne sont pas nécessaires in vivo pour l'induction ou le maintien de la réponse IgA homéostatique. Nous montrons ensuite que le foie abrite une population importante de plasmocytes à IgA. Chez la souris, nous montrons que ces cellules possèdent des caractéristiques phénotypiques distinctes des plasmocytes de l'intestin et proviennent de lymphocytes B récemment activés dans les plaques de Peyer. A l'homéostasie, ces plasmocytes hépatiques secrètent des IgA dirigées contre les bactéries de la flore intestinale. Enfin, dans un modèle murin de consommation chronique d'alcool, nous montrons une corrélation entre une augmentation de cette population cellulaire, une élévation sérique des IgA et des dépôts d'IgA hépatiques, deux désordres fréquemment observés chez les patients atteints d hépatopathies alcooliques. Nos données indiquent donc que le foie constitue un site effecteur alternatif de la réponse / IgA humoral response is one of the main mechanisms by which immune homeostasis is maintained in the intestine. The IgA response is initiated in gut-associated lymphoid tissues, where recognition of intestinal antigens drives naïve B cell activation, IgA class-switch recombination and plasma cell differentiation. My thesis work addressed the contribution of the liver and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in intestinal IgA response. By using two complementary mouse models allowing for selective depletion of pDCs, we have demonstrated that, in contrast to published work showing their ability to drive IgA response in vitro, pDCs are dispensable in vivo for the induction and the maintenance of homeostatic intestinal IgA responses.Then, we showed that the liver contains an important population of IgA plasma cells. In mice, we demonstrated that these cells harbor distinct phenotypic characteristics in comparison to intestinal IgA plasma cells, and are derived from B cells recently activated in Peyer’s patches. At homeostasis, hepatic IgA plasma cells secrete IgA directed against bacteria from intestinal flora. Finally, in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption, we found a correlation between an increase in hepatic igA plasma cell population, elevation of serum iGA and IgA deposits in liver sinusoids, two disorders frequently observed in alcoholic liver disease patients. Thus, our results indicate that the liver constitutes an alternative effector site for IgA response initiated in the intestine

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