Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiani de Franca.pdf: 409149 bytes, checksum: c540efb2ee31351c5b9cae354c5f5d5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The goal of this study was to characterize the motor performance of children and to investigate the prevalence of the Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The population of this study was all the 4.255 children from 7 to 8 years old, male and female, regularly enrolled on the 37 elementary public city schools of Florianópolis, capital of Santa Catarina, a southern state of Brazil. The final sample was comprised by 417 children. The instrument used was the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - M-ABC. In order to characterize the prevalence and severity of the children s motor difficulties we used descriptive statistic of frequency distribution. To verify the prevalence associations of DCD among ages and gender we used the chi-squared test (X²) and the Cramer s V coefficient. To verify the difference between the groups (gender and age) in the total motor performance of the tasks of M-ABC we used the Variance Analysis (ANOVA two-way). To verify the types of motor abilities that the children performed better we utilized the ANOVA for repeated measures. To analyze the general differences between groups in a group of dependable variables (which comprise the types of abilities according to the M-ABC test) and later to fragment the analyses per dependable variable (manual dexterity, balance and ball skills), the Multivariate Variance Analysis was used, as well as to verify the interactive effects of the gender and age variables. Both the variance analyses were done using a model with two independent variables, gender and age group (2x2). For all the analyses the significance level was 5%. The results demonstrated that 10.8% of the children were identified with DCD and 12% presented risk of DCD. The results indicate that children showed more difficulties in the motor skills related to manual dexterity. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference among genders and ages. Analyzing the individual dependent variables, separated through the analysis of the main effects, we can observe a statistically significant difference between genders and ages only in the ball skills. These results suggest that the boys presented a better performance in the ball skills, as well as the 8 year-old children. The prevalence of children with DCD in the city schools of Florianópolis, SC - Brazil exceeded the 4-6% of prevalence in 5 to 11 year-old children pointed by the literature. The early identification of children with motor difficulties is essential for the proper building of intervention strategies made by professionals in the area. / O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho motor de crianças e investigar a prevalência de Desordem Coordenativa Desenvolvimental. A população deste estudo foi representada por todas as 4.255 crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculadas nas 37 escolas, básicas e desdobradas, da rede pública municipal da cidade de Florianópolis, capital de Santa Catarina. A amostra final foi composta por 417 crianças. O instrumento utilizado foi o Movement Assessment Battery for Children - M-ABC. Para caracterizar a prevalência e a severidade das dificuldades motoras das crianças foi utilizada estatística descritiva de distribuição de freqüência. Para verificar as associações de prevalência de DCD entre as idades e sexo, foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado (X²) e o coeficiente de Cramer s V. Para verificar a diferença entre os grupos (sexo e idade) no desempenho motor total das tarefas do M-ABC foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA two-way). Para verificar em que tipos de habilidades motoras as crianças demonstraram um desempenho melhor foi utilizada a ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Para analisar as diferenças gerais entre os grupos em um conjunto de variáveis dependentes (que constituem os tipos de habilidades de acordo com o teste M-ABC) e depois fragmentar as análises por variável dependente (destrezas manuais, equilíbrio e habilidades com bolas) foi utilizado a Análise Multivariada de Variância, assim como para verificar os efeitos interativos das variáveis de sexo e idade. Ambas as análises de variância foram feitas utilizando um modelo com duas variáveis independentes, sexo e faixa etária (2X2). Para todas as análises estatísticas foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que 10,8% das crianças foram indicadas com DCD e 12% apresentou risco de DCD. Os resultados indicam que as crianças apresentaram mais dificuldades motoras nas habilidades relacionadas às destrezas manuais. As análises revelaram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos e entre as idades. Ao analisar as variáveis dependentes individuais, separadas por meio da análise dos efeitos principais, pode-se observar que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos e as idades somente para as habilidades com bola. Estes resultados sugerem que os meninos tiveram o desempenho melhor nas habilidades com bola, assim como as crianças com 8 anos. A prevalência de crianças com DCD nas escolas municipais de Florianópolis SC Brasil, excedeu aos 4-6% de prevalência de DCD nas crianças de 5 a 11 anos apontado pela literatura. A identificação precoce de crianças com dificuldades motoras é essencial para o embasamento de estratégias de intervenção por profissionais da área.

The purpose of this paper is to study and describe Poland’s policy co-ordination system, demonstrate the decline in Polish administrative capacity over time, and attempt to find and explain institutionality- driven links between the two. For this purpose, three policy co-ordination systems were deconstructed, a mechanism for analysing that data created, and information on Poland’s administrative performance was collected. The study finds that some structural features within Poland’s hierarchical, amalgamated co-ordination system can foster incentives to suppress the improvement of its own public administration.

Wang Zengqi, an important representative of modern Chinese literature, is best known as an author of pastoral, nostalgic fiction, written in the early 1980s, and as Shen Congwen's student. His short stories ‚Ordination' (Shoujie 受戒) (1980) and "A Tale of Big Nur" (Danao jishi 大淖记事) (1981) are considered masterpieces, and stand as major steps in rebirth of New Era Chinese literature. The present paper introduces thematic and motivic analysis of Wang Zengqi's key short stories. Attention is also payed to the literary qualities and genre characteristics of his representative short stories and the development of author's literary style. Finally, the present paper discusses to what extent Wang Zengqi's work is influenced by his teacher, Shen Congwen. Keywords Wang Zengqi, Ordination (Shoujie 受戒), A Tale of Big Nur (Danao jishi 大淖记事), Shen Congwen, pastoral fiction

Most sport coaches are under the impression that if their athletes have 20/20 vision, nothing more is needed to be done in the visual arena. This is a common misconception in youth sport and professional sport. Every sport involves the visual system in one way or another, yet very few coaches or athletes spend any time training the visual system to perform optimally during competition. To perform at the highest level of competition, athletes have to be in tune with their visual motor and visual perceptual system. Participants consisted of 200 male and female recruits enrolled for Basic Military Training (BMT) at the training academy in Ellisras, South Africa. Only recruits who completed the informed consent and adhere to the inclusion exclusion criteria participated in the study. The primary purpose of this study was to see how the recruits improve their visual skills after intense training which included cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength (upper body and abdominal), muscular endurance, speed, power, agility and flexibility. The training intensity of the sessions exceeded 6 metabolic equivalents (METs). Data sampling was completed over a period of one week during weeks 1, 12 and 20. The proposed schedule for the data gathering is suggested to ensure the special requirements demanded by the different tests and to see at what rate their visual skill improve. Results in this study suggests that a Basic Military Training (BMT) programme, focusing on intense physical training, enhances hand-eye co-ordination, visual response speed, accuracy, anticipation, visual concentration and short term visual memory. The improvement of various visual skills observed in this research provides evidence that physical exercise, along with an enhanced state of physical fitness, does have a positive effect on visual proficiency. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Physiology / unrestricted

Wind turbine modelling using doubly-fed induction generators is a well-known subject. However, studies have tended to focus on optimising the components of the system rather than considering the interaction between the components. This research examines the interaction of the control methods for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in a wind turbine application integrating them with the crowbar protection control and DC-link brake control to make the best use of the converter. The controls of the rotor-side and the grid-side converters of the DFIG model are both well established and have been shown to work. Typically the crowbar protection is designed in order to protect the rotor-side converter and the power electronic components of the DFIG system from high currents occurring in the rotor due to the faults. The DC-link brake-overvoltage protection is also designed to prevent the overcharging of the DC-link capacitor placed between the rotor-side converter and the grid-side converter. In order to show that these protection schemes work and with thought can co-ordinate with each other, tests consisting of a number of balanced three-, two- and one-phase voltage sags are applied to the network voltage. The main contributions of this thesis are establishing operational tuning and design limits for the controllers and system subassemblies. This is to minimise the electrical subsystem interaction while maintaining adequate performance, and have an improved DC-link control. This work also includes a full electrical system study of the wind turbine and an essential literature review on significant references in the field of the DFIG wind turbine system modelling, control and protection. Specifically this research project makes a number of novel contributions to the literature: enhanced DC voltage control including operating point sensitivity analysis and dynamic stiffness assessment, sensitivity and robustness analyses of the power loop control and control loop segmentation by appropriately tuning the controller loops.

Using flake dimensions and attributes commonly agreed are associated with site use, occupation age, and occupation duration, it was argued that relative estimations of site function and occupation age could be determined using debitage. This is particularly beneficial for assemblages that have little to no diagnostics that could provide a general cultural period for one or more occupations at a site. The results of this study suggest that, although certain attributes are generally associated with lithic production stage, relative age, and duration indicators, they were not all applicable within this study. The methods employed were relatively successful; however, reducing the number of classes, removing of a dimension, and more sites that meet the definition of lithic scatter is needed. Furthermore, testing occupation duration using the number of breaks on a flake is not possible unless it is proven a single occupation site.

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Für die Untersuchung der Kontextualität der Theologinnenarbeit wurden Theologinnen aus drei Kirchen mit gemeinsamer lutherischer Konfessionalität ausgewählt, die im Untersuchungszeitraum in differenten sozioökonomischen Kontexten existierten: die Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche in Bayern, die Evangelisch--Lutherische Landeskirche Mecklenburgs sowie die Evangelische Kirche lutherischen Bekenntnisses in Brasilien (IECLB). Ziel war die Reflexion der Kontextuaität der theologischen Urteilsbildung und des kirchlichen Handelns. Anstöße aus der feministischen Theoriebildung und der emprischen Sozialforschung wurden einbezogen, z.B für die Interviews mitr je 20 Theologinnen aus jeder der drei Kirchen, die mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens nach ihrer Arbeitssituation, der Relevanz des Geschlechterverhältnisses, konfessioneller und ökumenischer Aspekte sowie ihrer Berufskonzeption gefragt wurden. Die Darstellung der Auseinandersetzung mit der Theologinnenarbeit in der theologischen Literatur zeigte, daß erste Überlegungen in Deutschland und in der Ökumene seit der ahrhundertwende angestellt wurden. Nach einer Phase einer geschlechtsspezifschen Konzeption eines Amtes sui generis erfolgte das Plädoyer für die kirchenrechtliche Gleichstellung und schließlich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten Überlegungen hinsichtlich des Innovationspotentials der Theologinnenarbeit. Die drei Hauptteile zur Entwicklung der Theologinnenarbeit jeweils in einem der drei Kontexte beginnen mit einer Einführung in den jeweiligen sozioökonmischen Kontext von Frauen sowie in die jeweilige kirchengeschichtliche Entwicklung. Einzelne Phasen der Diskussion und Gestaltung der Theologinnenarbeit werden mit Hilfe von Archivmaterialien sowie weiteren schriftlichen und mündlichen Quellen dargestellt. In Bayern und Meckleburg fingen jeweils einzelne Theologinnen vor 1945 in individuell organisierten Arbeitsfeldern an. Nach 1945 wurden geschlechtsspezifische Berufskonzepte entwickelt, die sich jedoch als diskriminierend und einschränkend erwiesen, so daß es schließlich zur weitgehenden rechtlichen Gleichstellung kam. Insbesondere jedoch durch den gesellschaftlichen Aufbruch der Frauen kam es in den 80er Jahren zu einer erneuten Reflexion geschlechtsspezifischer Chancen im Pfarrberuf. Im brasilianischen Kontext suchten die lutherischen Theologinnen nach ihrem Einstieg ins Gemeindepfarramt nach alternativen Formen des pastoralen Amtes und reflektierten ebenfalls ab Ende der achtziger Jahre ihre Arbeit unter feministisch-befreiungstheologischen Aspekten. Das Resümee zeigt hinischtlich der sozioökomonischen Kontextualität der Theologinnenarbeit zunächst die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem jeweiligen sozioökonomischen Kontext und der Entwicklung der Theologinnenarbeit auf und reflektiert dann die sich daraus ergebenden sozialethischen, biblisch-hermeneutischen und anthropologischen Fragen sowie Konsequenzen für eine inklusive Pastoralethik. Die Reflexion der kirchlich-instiutionellen Kontextualität der Theologinnenarbeit vergleicht die realen Einwirkungen der kirchlich-institutionellen Aspekte und reflekiert die sich daraus ergebenden ekklesiologischen Fragestellungen z.B hinsichtlich der Konzilität kirchlicher Entscheidungsfindung. Die Berücksichtigung der realen Einwirkungen der ökumenischen und konfessionellen Zusammenschlüsse auf die Entwicklung der Theologinnenarbeit in den drei genannten lutherischen Kirchen sowie die Darstellung der Positionen der orthodoxen Kirchen und des römisch-katholischen Lehramtes zur Frauenordination bzw. Priesterinnenweihe zeigt die weitergehenden Differenzen hinsichtlich der Konzeptionen kirchlicher Einheit, Anthropologie, Hermeneutik und Ekklesiologie auf. Am Ende werden ökumenisch-theologischePerspektiven für eine weitere gemeinsame Urteilsbildung hinsichtlich der Theologinnenarbeit entwickelt. / The research of the history of female theologians shows the development of women pastors in three lutheran churches living in three different socioeconomic contects of RFA, GDR and Brazil. Based on literal souce mateial and interviews with 20 women pastors of every church surge the historical steps of female participation in the ordainend ministry. At the beginning some women studied theology, looked for individal possibilities to work in the church. The next step has been a special limited form of women ministry until their ful participation of men and women in the ordained ministry happened. In the last years the chances oft the gender is discussed in a feminist view. The summary reflects the importance oft the socioeconomic contect, of the different forms of ecclesiastical instiutions and of the influence of the different convictions in the orthodox churches,. in the roman catholic teaching und in the protestant theology. The result is that the development of female participation in lutheran churches challenges all christians and all churches to inquire their biblical hermeneutic, anthropology and ecclesiology. The history of the female theologians in the lutheran churches provokes a vision of christian unity which includes the ful participation of men and women in the ordained ministry.

HEARING ALL THE DRUMS: TOWARDS A MORE INCLUSIVE CONGREGATION is about increasing the participation of women in positions of both leadership and church ministry praxis within the Seventh Day Adventist church in South Africa. Women have been excluded in the office of elder, and have been generally excluded from preaching during the worship hour. The research process followed a participatory way of doing research, while using theories on social construction and post-modernist epistemological approach. The theologies that inform this work are contextual in nature and include African and Feminist theologies. In the pursuit for change, however, care is maintained to use inclusive practices that attempt to avoid polarising the congregation and their concomitant theologies. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

HEARING ALL THE DRUMS: TOWARDS A MORE INCLUSIVE CONGREGATION is about increasing the participation of women in positions of both leadership and church ministry praxis within the Seventh Day Adventist church in South Africa. Women have been excluded in the office of elder, and have been generally excluded from preaching during the worship hour. The research process followed a participatory way of doing research, while using theories on social construction and post-modernist epistemological approach. The theologies that inform this work are contextual in nature and include African and Feminist theologies. In the pursuit for change, however, care is maintained to use inclusive practices that attempt to avoid polarising the congregation and their concomitant theologies. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Pastoral Therapy)