What is the nature and processes of creativity in small businesses? My fine-grained qualitative study of a small UK software business, GoTravel, suggests that such businesses often show tremendous creativity in the everyday processes they use to negotiate complex problems that their internal and external limitations induce. The empirical findings that I use to support this view are in three main parts. First, internal organisational problems, which seemed to restrict employee engagement in creative actions, provoked novel and appropriate — i.e. creative —actions by the small business in pursuing opportunities to access inputs they needed to build competitive software. Second, these actions entailed the tactical creation of fertile sites within collaborations held with product users in line with principles of agile software development, to enable activities relevant for accessing required inputs for building improved software. Third, within these sites, GoTravel advanced its creative actions by leading product users in ‘play’ activities with the purpose of accessing their inputs, which included their time, money, autonomy and actions, and ameliorating the disadvantaged position the small business occupied in the agile-inspired collaborations. To explicate my findings, I draw on the entrepreneurship literature, particularly work conducted to study processes that entrepreneurs use to orient themselves amid problems, while creating opportunities for establishing new ventures. Here, I focus specifically on spatial concepts Hjorth used to study how entrepreneurial processes unfold under constraining managerial orders, as well as insights from critical perspectives from the co-creation literature. I use these lenses to illuminate the tactical and creative actions that GoTravel manifested in the ways they reassigned ‘managerial orders’ in their software industry, which threatened their ability to access inputs from their product users into other uses — i.e. ‘spaces of play’. Here, they seemed to have ‘lured’ their product users into co-creation activities to accomplish goals for developing new products and, indeed, ‘conquer’ managerial orders in their external environments, even if temporarily. This study contributes to current research on organisational creativity by drawing attention to creativity inherent in the processes that small businesses use to negotiate problems they often confront in the journey to building novel and impactful solutions. In addition, I bring conceptual lenses from entrepreneurship, a field that is sympathetic to the characteristics of small businesses, particularly their constraints and limitations, to expand current knowledge we have of creativity by such businesses. My research also contributes to current valuable work on co-creation, especially in how organisations may use various forms of co-creation as a tactical and creative tool to address their own limitations.

No ambiente organizacional, o fenômeno criatividade é resultado da interação de fato-res. Cultura organizacional, disponibilidade de recursos, expertise, liderança, motivação, estratégia, formação de grupos, são exemplos de fatores que exercem influência sobre a criatividade nas organizações. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e organizar nos níveis de indivíduo, de grupo e organizacional os fatores que exercem influência sobre a criatividade no ambiente das organizações. O presente estudo foi elaborado com caráter exploratório e pretendeu ampliar o entendimento do fenômeno criatividade em empresas brasileiras. Os fatores foram identificados a partir de revisão de literatura e questionados por meio de ferramenta quantitativa a fim de coletar a experiência e opinião de profissi-onais de organizações brasileiras reconhecidas por sua capacidade inovadora. O estudo de campo realizado confirmou a importância de cada um dos fatores o que permitiu a construção de um conjunto coerente de fatores que influenciam a criatividade no ambi-ente das organizações. Demonstrou-se ainda por meio dos resultados obtidos, que, con-forme a organização, podem ocorrer ênfase em alguns fatores e redução da importância de outros. Desta forma, considera-se que a consolidação dos fatores em uma estrutura possibilita a elaboração de ações com objetivo de desenvolver e incrementar o potencial criativo das empresas. / Creativity, within the organization environment, is a result from the interaction of sev-eral factors such as organizational culture, resources availability, expertise, leadership, motivation, strategy and group formation. This work did aim to identify and organize these factors in individual, group and organization levels. It was conducted as an ex-ploratory study intending to boost organizational creativity understanding in Brazilian companies. Factors identified in the literature were checked against Brazilian innovation professionals of well-known organizations through quantitative interviews. The research data did corroborate the factor’s importance making possible to build a structure of the factors that influence creativity in organizational context. The results have also demon-strated that there is alternation of importance of these factors according to the organiza-tion profile. As a result is possible to say that having a factor’s structure enable organi-zations to improve their creative potential.

No ambiente organizacional, o fenômeno criatividade é resultado da interação de fato-res. Cultura organizacional, disponibilidade de recursos, expertise, liderança, motivação, estratégia, formação de grupos, são exemplos de fatores que exercem influência sobre a criatividade nas organizações. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e organizar nos níveis de indivíduo, de grupo e organizacional os fatores que exercem influência sobre a criatividade no ambiente das organizações. O presente estudo foi elaborado com caráter exploratório e pretendeu ampliar o entendimento do fenômeno criatividade em empresas brasileiras. Os fatores foram identificados a partir de revisão de literatura e questionados por meio de ferramenta quantitativa a fim de coletar a experiência e opinião de profissi-onais de organizações brasileiras reconhecidas por sua capacidade inovadora. O estudo de campo realizado confirmou a importância de cada um dos fatores o que permitiu a construção de um conjunto coerente de fatores que influenciam a criatividade no ambi-ente das organizações. Demonstrou-se ainda por meio dos resultados obtidos, que, con-forme a organização, podem ocorrer ênfase em alguns fatores e redução da importância de outros. Desta forma, considera-se que a consolidação dos fatores em uma estrutura possibilita a elaboração de ações com objetivo de desenvolver e incrementar o potencial criativo das empresas. / Creativity, within the organization environment, is a result from the interaction of sev-eral factors such as organizational culture, resources availability, expertise, leadership, motivation, strategy and group formation. This work did aim to identify and organize these factors in individual, group and organization levels. It was conducted as an ex-ploratory study intending to boost organizational creativity understanding in Brazilian companies. Factors identified in the literature were checked against Brazilian innovation professionals of well-known organizations through quantitative interviews. The research data did corroborate the factor’s importance making possible to build a structure of the factors that influence creativity in organizational context. The results have also demon-strated that there is alternation of importance of these factors according to the organiza-tion profile. As a result is possible to say that having a factor’s structure enable organi-zations to improve their creative potential.

No ambiente organizacional, o fenômeno criatividade é resultado da interação de fato-res. Cultura organizacional, disponibilidade de recursos, expertise, liderança, motivação, estratégia, formação de grupos, são exemplos de fatores que exercem influência sobre a criatividade nas organizações. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e organizar nos níveis de indivíduo, de grupo e organizacional os fatores que exercem influência sobre a criatividade no ambiente das organizações. O presente estudo foi elaborado com caráter exploratório e pretendeu ampliar o entendimento do fenômeno criatividade em empresas brasileiras. Os fatores foram identificados a partir de revisão de literatura e questionados por meio de ferramenta quantitativa a fim de coletar a experiência e opinião de profissi-onais de organizações brasileiras reconhecidas por sua capacidade inovadora. O estudo de campo realizado confirmou a importância de cada um dos fatores o que permitiu a construção de um conjunto coerente de fatores que influenciam a criatividade no ambi-ente das organizações. Demonstrou-se ainda por meio dos resultados obtidos, que, con-forme a organização, podem ocorrer ênfase em alguns fatores e redução da importância de outros. Desta forma, considera-se que a consolidação dos fatores em uma estrutura possibilita a elaboração de ações com objetivo de desenvolver e incrementar o potencial criativo das empresas. / Creativity, within the organization environment, is a result from the interaction of sev-eral factors such as organizational culture, resources availability, expertise, leadership, motivation, strategy and group formation. This work did aim to identify and organize these factors in individual, group and organization levels. It was conducted as an ex-ploratory study intending to boost organizational creativity understanding in Brazilian companies. Factors identified in the literature were checked against Brazilian innovation professionals of well-known organizations through quantitative interviews. The research data did corroborate the factor’s importance making possible to build a structure of the factors that influence creativity in organizational context. The results have also demon-strated that there is alternation of importance of these factors according to the organiza-tion profile. As a result is possible to say that having a factor’s structure enable organi-zations to improve their creative potential.

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Excerpt: Success in marketing requires creativity, and sport marketing is no different (Schwarz & Hunter, 2008).

Increasingly, globalization and the adoption of a market economy have made innovation fundamental for the success of professional sport organizations. Yet oligarchical league structures, isomorphic and hyper-traditional cultures, and hierarchical organizational structures can enhance or hinder organizational creativity, the beginning stage of the innovation process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the antecedents of organizational creativity in professional sport organizations. Perception of organizational creativity is theorized to be influenced by employee creativity, work environment, and the social interactions of employees. The results, based on a survey of three professional sport organizations’ front offices, indicated perceptions of a work environment with a clear vision and better work processes were associated with greater perceptions of organizational creativity. The lack of relationships between many of the factors theorized to influence organizational creativity, such as an employee's advice network, could indicate the sport industry is unique in creativity management. This study is the beginning in understanding the first step of innovation, and the processes that influence employees’ perceptions regarding the ways in which their work environment relate to organizational creativity.

Purpose: From an anthropological angle, the purpose of this paper is to shed light into how young innovative fashion companies can exercise creative leadership and reflect the creativity of their external image in their internal environment, towards their path to prosperity and success.Design/methodology/approach: The research analyses the case of MUUSE, a paradigmatic fashion company based in Copenhagen, Denmark in order to examine its creativity inside-out (external image and internal environment/operations). The entrepreneurs and employees were interviewed during two workdays, as well as observations were held over a period of eight months. For the analysis of the case and its operations, the 4P’s creativity framework (person, product, process and press/situation) was used.Findings: The research shows that creative leadership in fashion business today can be linked with innovation, meaningfulness and transparency in all levels of infrastructure. Further it declares the significance of creative leadership traits, which can include: having a creative and purposeful vision, developing an effective global mindset, evolving a creative work environment and increasing intrinsic motivators. / Program: Magisterutbildning i Fashion Management med inriktning modemarknadsföring

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-28T13:48:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvio Luís de Vasconcellos_.pdf: 1134005 bytes, checksum: 78155a4aea372344a4600c9d07d1857d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T13:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvio Luís de Vasconcellos_.pdf: 1134005 bytes, checksum: 78155a4aea372344a4600c9d07d1857d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo investiga o papel direto da criatividade organizacional - como um recurso de alto nível - durante o envolvimento internacional, bem como propõe que a criatividade organizacional nutre tanto a capacidade inovadora quanto a empreendedora como mediadoras para o envolvimento internacional da firma. Em um sentido objetivo, a capacidade inovadora medeia essa relação, uma vez que criatividade promove a inovação. Em um sentido subjetivo, é a capacidade empreendedora que exerce esse papel, oferecendo alternativas para resolver problemas quando a firma enfrenta a incerteza inerente à arena internacional. A investigação empírica ocorreu em firmas pertencentes à indústria audiovisual brasileira, resultando em 78 respostas válidas. Esta pesquisa é um estudo exploratório-descritivo construído em duas fases principais: em primeiro lugar, uma fase exploratória investigou não só a literatura, mas também o ambiente empírico por meio de entrevistas com especialistas visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre o campo. Em segundo lugar, uma fase descritiva avaliou o ambiente por uma abordagem quantitativa baseada em uma survey. A técnica de análise utilizada foi a análise de regressão. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses desenvolvidas nesta pesquisa. Os resultados sugerem que há uma relação direta entre a criatividade organizacional com o envolvimento internacional. Além disso, evidenciou que a relação entre criatividade organizacional com o envolvimento internacional da empresa se intensifica, quando as capacidades inovadora e a empreendedora medeiam essa relação. As limitações deste estudo refletem sua singularidade. Além de investigar um tema subjetivo, a pesquisa abrangeu apenas um setor da economia criativa em apenas um país, o Brasil. Este estudo tem implicações em várias esferas, como organizacionais, industriais e governamentais. A originalidade deste estudo engloba não só uma explanação sobre o papel da criatividade organizacional no envolvimento internacional das empresas que se fazem parte da economia criativa, mas também contribui para ampliar e tomar em conjunto abordagens teóricas sobre criatividade, inovação, empreendedorismo e internacionalização, ao nível organizacional de investigação. / This study investigates the direct role of organizational creativity - as a leading resource - during the international involvement as well as proposes that organizational creativity nurtures both innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities as mediators for the international involvement of the firm. In an objective sense, the innovative capability mediates such relationship once creativity nurtures innovation. In a subjective sense, entrepreneurial capability intermediates this relationship while offering alternatives to solve problems when the firm faces the uncertainty inherent in the international arena. The empirical investigation took place in firms embedded in the Brazilian audiovisual industry, resulting in 78 valid responses. This research is an exploratory-descriptive study built in two main stages: Firstly, an exploratory stage investigated not only the literature but also the environment using interviews with experts to enlarge knowledge about the field. Secondly, a descriptive stage evaluated the field by a quantitative approach based on a survey. The analysis technique applied was regression analysis. Results confirmed the hypotheses designed in this research. We found evidence that there is a direct relationship between organizational creativity with international involvement. Moreover, it was evident that the relationship between organizational creativity with the international involvement intensifies when innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities mediate this relationship. Limitations of this study reflect its singularity. Besides investigating a subjective theme, the research covered just one industry of creative economy in just one country, Brazil. The study has implications in several spheres, such as theoretical, organizational, industrial, and public policies. The originality of this study encompasses not only an explanation of the role of organizational creativity in the international involvement of firms engaged in the creative economy, but also contributes to enlarge and take together theoretical approaches about creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and internationalization, at the organizational level of investigation.

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Studien undersökte hur ledarskap och gränslöshet i arbetsförhållanden påverkade kreativiteten på fem svenska reklambyråer respektive fem svenska kulturskolor. Deltagarna angav i vilken utsträckning 61 påståenden stämde med deras upplevelse av gränslöshet rörande arbetet respektive sin chefs ledarbeteenden. Ledarbeteenden togs upp som, baserat på tidigare forskning, gynnar kreativitet. Arbetsplatsens kreativitet självskattades. Två frågor med öppna svar belyste faktorer som påverkat kreativiteten positivt respektive negativt. Statistisk analys visade positiv korrelation mellan ledarskap och kreativitet, ingen korrelation mellan gränslöshet och kreativitet. De öppna svaren analyserades kvalitativt vilket belyste gränslöshetens inverkan både positivt och negativt på kreativitet samt samverkan med ledarskapet. Sambandet åskådliggjordes i ”Gränslöshet-Strukturmodellen” som introduceras i studien. Resultatet bidrar till djupare förståelse för gränslöshetens inverkan på kreativitet på moderna arbetsplatser. I övrigt bekräftades tidigare forskning om faktorer som gynnar kreativitet.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>The study explored the influence of leadership behaviour and boundaryless work on creativity at five Swedish advertising agencies and five schools of art at compulsory level. The participants indicated to which extent 61 statements were in accordance with their experience of boundaryless work and the behaviour of their leader. Leadership behaviours benificial to creativity, validated through earlier research, was evaluated. Creativity was measured through self evaluation. Two openended questions surveyed factors that respectively influenced creativity positive and negative. Statistic analysis showed a positive correlation between leadership and creativity. No significant correlation between boundaryless work and creativity. A qualitative method of category analysis showed boundaryless work influence on creativity as both positive and negative and in cooperation with leadership behaviours. The study present the relation between boundaryless work and leadership behaviour through the ”Boundaryless-Structure model”. The result contributes to understanding how boundaryless work influence creativity in modern workingplaces. Remaining result confirmed earlier findings of factors benificial for creativity.</p>