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Brain stem remyelination following demyelination induced by ethidium bromide (EB) is carried out by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells that invade the central nervous system when astrocytes are lost. Although oligodendrocyte remyelination is detected from 13 days onward within the lesions, the origin of the remyelinating cells is not known. To clarify oligodendrocyte origin as well as to observe astrocytic behaviour in normal (n=22) as well as immunosuppressed animals (n=22) adult Wistar rats were injected with EB in the basal cisterna. Wistar rats had an EB injection while treated with cyclophosphamide (astrocyte investigation, n=12) or cyclosporine A (oligodendrocyte study, n=10). Control animals had a single injection of 10 μl of 0.9% saline (n=16). For the investigation on astrocytes, the rats were killed at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days a.i. GFAP labelled astrocytes were conspicuous within the lesions and isomorphic gliosis was detected, more marked in those rats immunosuppressed with CY. Nonetheless a significant difference among the groups could not be established because of the mean deviations detected by the image studies. For the oligodendrocyte investigation the rats were killed at 15, 21 and 31 days a.i. Lesions of EB injected in normal and cyclosporine A-treated Wistar rats labelled positive for OSP (oligodendrocytes specific protein). This result points to mature oligodendrocytes as a source of remyelinating cells to restore the lost myelin sheaths after EB injection. The EB model of demyelination allowed the observation of the neuroglia in lesions where remyelination is made up by mature cells of the oligodendroglial lineage and where astrocytes respond selectively to immunosuppressive drugs that modify the inflammatory reaction induced by EB / Remielinização após desmielinização com brometo de etídio (BE) no tronco encefálico de ratos é realizada por oligodendrócitos e células de Schwann que invadem o tecido após a morte dos astrócitos. Embora a remielinização por oligodendrócitos seja detectada a partir dos 13 dias pós-intoxicação, a origem das células remielinizantes não é conhecida. Para esclarecer essa origem bem como o comportamento astrocitário em lesões induzidas pelo BE em ratos adultos normais (n=22) ou sob terapia imunomoduladora (n=22), ratos Wistar adultos receberam uma injeção de 10 μl de BE na cisterna basal. Ratos Wistar receberam a injeção de BE enquanto sob terapia imunossupressora com ciclofosfamida (estudo astrocitário) (n=12) ou ciclosporina-A (n=10) (estudo da oligodendróglia). Os animais controle receberam uma injeção de 10 μl 0.9% de solução salina (n=16). Para o estudo astrocitário, os animais foram sacrificados aos 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-injeção de BE. Astrócitos foram marcados com GFAP (proteína glial fibrilar ácida) e foi detectada gliose isomórfica nas lesões, mais marcada naqueles animais tratados com ciclofosfamida (CY). Embora existisse diferença entre a marcação por GFAP nos ratos que receberam somente BE e os que receberam BE e CY, os desvios das médias obtidas através da análise de imagem, não permitiram uma conclusão sobre a significância dessa diferença. Os ratos do experimento sobre a oligodendróglia foram sacrificados aos 15, 21 e 31 dias p.i. do BE. Tecidos de ratos normais injetados com BE e ratos injetados e tratados com ciclosporina foram marcados com imunofluorescência (IF) para OSP (proteína específica do oligodendrócito) que marca células maduras da linhagem oligodendroglial. O resultado foi a marcação de células maduras que remielinizavam em áreas próximas ao tecido normal, mostrando oligodendrócitos maduros como fonte celular na reparação das bainhas perdidas. O modelo de desmielinização do BE permitiu estudar a atividade da neuróglia em lesões que foram remielinizadas por oligodendrócitos maduros e nas que os astrócitos responderam seletivamente a imunossupressores que interferem com a reação inflamatória dentro do tecido

Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. is a spirochete which causes the multisystemic disorder Lyme disease. As the borreliae lack toxin production, the pathogenicity is thought to involve, at least in part, molecules from the outer surface. Most Lyme disease Borrelia strains express two major outer surface lipoproteins, OspA (31 kD) and OspB (34 kD), on their surface. However, some strains lack the expression of OspA and OspB, but express a smaller 21 to 25 kD OspC protein instead. This thesis focuses on the importance of these proteins in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Biochemical and immunochemical studies of the OspA and OspB proteins from strains of various geographic origins show considerable differences in the apparent molecular weights and in their reactivities to monoclonal antibodies. The cloning and sequencing of the ospAB opérons from strains of different origins has demonstrated that the heterogeneity is found also at the DNA level Comparison of the ospAB sequences allows the classification of the strains into three types, which coincide with the recent species designations, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii The genes are located on a linear plasmid about 50 kb in size, and are cotranscribed as a single message. The expression of the osp operon in different strains was studied by Western blot and Northern blot analysis. The ospAB operon of strains expressing varying amounts of the Osp proteins was cloned and sequenced. The DNA sequence was found to be &gt;99% identical. The regulation appears to be primarily at the transcriptional level. In patients who have received incomplete treatment, B. burgdorferi have been isolated several years after the onset of the disease. As mentioned above, the ospAB loci of different strains show considerable heterogeneity, and it has been speculated that the spirochetes evade the host’s immune system by antigenic variation of the Osp proteins. In a mouse model system it was shown that no variation of the osp genes occurs over the course of an infection, and that other escape mechanisms must be used. The OspB proteins in particular have been shown to be very heterogeneous in different isolates. The MAb 84C recognizes a wide variety of B. burgdorferi strains, and the binding epitope was mapped to a conserved region in the carboxyl terminus of the OspB protein with putative structural and/or functional importance. It is well known that antibodies can kill bacteria in the presence of complement and phagocytes. Some antibodies seem to have a bactericidal effect by themselves. H6831 is a monoclonal antibody recognizing the OspB protein of some B. burgdorferi strains. The bactericidal action of univalent FAb fragments from H6831 was further characterized, and the binding epitope was mapped to a very heterogeneous region of the carboxyl end of the OspB protein. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

This work deals with the metal surface wetting problems of molten lead-free solder and monitoring of ongoing processes at the inter-phase interface using the method of evaluation of the height of the molten solder deducted from the video sequences. The work is aimed at evaluating the metal surface wettability, wetting angle determined. Wettability of the metal surface is compared for different types of surface treatments and for different ages of the measured samples. Measurement is performed at the improved workplace, is used to evaluate the newly derived formula for calculating the wetting angle and created program for automatic evaluation of Picture is used to.

Title: Negative emotions in swimming lessons for people with mental disability Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the occurrence of negative emotions associated with swimming lessons in people with mental disabilities through selected methods. Other goals are to find out the nature of the occurrence and the possibility of influencing these emotions. The result of guided interviews and the subsequent synthesis of knowledge should be the development of principles that are causal for the prevention and possible positive influence of negative emotions associated with swimming instruction in people with mental disabilities. Research questions 1. Do people with mental disabilities experience negative emotions in connection with swimming lessons? 2. On what basis do these emotions arise? 3. How can these emotions be prevented? 4. How can these emotions be positively influenced? Hypotheses I. In the swimming lessons of people with mental disabilities, we encounter negative emotions. II. It is possible to find out on the basis of what these emotions arise. III. Negative emotions can be positively influenced. IV. If these emotions are positively influenced, the individual's motor learning will be accelerated. Methods: Semi-structured interview, which will be evaluated on the basis of...

Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à établir des identités polynomiales dans le cadre de la combinatoire non-commutative. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons de nouvelles structures de Nambu-Lie, en classifiant totalement les (n-1)-structures sur l'espace R^n, et en donnant une méthode permettant de construire des crochets de tout ordre sur une algèbre de Lie. Nous proposons également une quantification de l'une de nos structures, grâce aux polynômes standards et aux algèbres de Clifford d'indice pair. Dans un second moment, en généralisant la notion de polynôme standard au cas des algèbres graduées, nous cherchons à démontrer une version du théorème d'Amitsur-Levitzki sur les superalgèbres de Lie osp(1,2n) en suivant une démonstration de Kostant dans le cas classique. Nous sommes amenés à démontrer des super-versions des propriétés et résultats nécessaires à la démonstration dans le cas classique, notamment en définissant un super-opérateur de transgression de Cartan-Chevalley.

The master thesis analyses electrical conductivity of lead-free solder joints. The test method design for monitoring the electrical conductivity of the soldered joint is described in the practical part. Simulated BGA package with four pin (BGA4) is used for experiments. Tested PCBs are subjected to isothermal aging and current load. During isothermal aging is measured electrical conductivity and optical microscope is used for intermetallic layer (IMC) growth observation. Two types of surface finish (OSP and ENIG) are used for tests and three diameters of solder terminal balls (solder alloy SAC405). The influence of the ratio area connection / solder volume (ratio S / V) on lead-free solder joints conductivity was evaluated.

Mémoire par articles. / Ce mémoire contient trois articles reliés par l'idée sous-jacente d'une généralisation de la dualité de Schur-Weyl. L'objectif principal est d'obtenir une description algébrique du centralisateur de l'image de l'action diagonale de U_q(sl_2) dans le produit tensoriel de trois représentations irréductibles, lorsque q n'est pas une racine de l'unité. La relation entre une algèbre de Askey-Wilson étendue AW(3) et ce centralisateur est examinée à cet effet. Dans le premier article, les éléments du centralisateur de l'action de U_q(sl_2) dans son produit tensoriel triple sont définis à l'aide de la matrice R universelle de U_q(sl_2). Il est montré que ces éléments respectent les relations définissantes de AW(3). Dans le deuxième article, la matrice R universelle de la superalgèbre de Lie osp(1|2) est utilisée de manière similaire avec l'algèbre de Bannai-Ito BI(3). Dans ce cas, le formalisme de la matrice R permet de définir l'algèbre de Bannai-Ito de rang supérieur BI(n) comme le centralisateur de l'action de osp(1|2) dans son produit tensoriel n-fois. Le troisième article propose une conjecture qui établit un isomorphisme entre un quotient de AW(3) et le centralisateur de l'image de l'action diagonale de U_q(sl_2) dans le produit tensoriel de trois représentations irréductibles quelconques. La conjecture est prouvée pour plusieurs cas, et les algèbres de Temperley-Lieb, Birman-Murakami-Wenzl et Temperley-Lieb à une frontière sont retrouvées comme quotients de l'algèbre de Askey-Wilson. / This master thesis contains three articles related by the underlying idea of a generalization of the Schur-Weyl duality. The main objective is to obtain an algebraic description of the centralizer of the image of the diagonal action of U_q(sl_2) in the tensor product of three irreducible representations, when q is not a root of unity. The connection between a centrally extended Askey-Wilson algebra AW(3) and this centralizer is examined for this purpose. In the first article, the elements of the centralizer of the action of U_q(sl_2) in its threefold tensor product are defined with the help of the universal R-matrix of U_q(sl_2). These elements are shown to satisfy the defining relations of AW(3). In the second article, the universal R-matrix of the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2) is used in a similar fashion with the Bannai-Ito algebra BI(3). In this case, the formalism of the R-matrix allows to define the higher rank Bannai-Ito algebra BI(n) as the centralizer of the action of osp(1|2) in its n-fold tensor product. The third article proposes a conjecture that establishes an isomorphism between a quotient of AW(3) and the centralizer of the image of the diagonal action of U_q(sl_2) in the tensor product of any three irreducible representations. The conjecture is proved for several cases, and the Temperley-Lieb, Birman-Murakami-Wenzl and one-boundary Temperley-Lieb algebras are recovered as quotients of the Askey-Wilson algebra.