Recognizing that a substantial portion of Blue Ridge Parkway visitation is made by the local population, this study was initiated as an effort to collect specific information on the characteristics of local Parkway use and to develop a demand model of local use based on the findings. The results should provide Parkway managers with information needed to more adequately serve the recreation needs of the local population. Most of the information presented in this study was collected during the fall of 1978 through use of a self-administered mail-back questionnaire which was sent to a random sample of people living in the 29 counties adjacent to the Parkway. Results are based on questionnaires received from 322 local residents. Additional information was also obtained from 44 other local residents interviewed by telephone. Development of the recreation demand model required much of the questionnaire data as well as data obtained from existing Parkway and Census Bureau publications. / Master of Science / Includes folder titled: Blue Ridge Parkway, published by GPO in 1976.

The purpose of this research was to provide an understanding of past efforts to predict recreation choice behavior. Additionally, from this past research in recreation and in the fields of psychology and consumer behavior, a lexicographic semi-order model was selected and tested for applicability in approximating recreation site choices. Testinq this model required initial work in deciding upon physical, social, and managerial attributes of a recreation site which may be relevant to a choice decision. A framework was developed to analyze the multitude of studies dealing with recreation site attributes. Using a microcomputer based data collection instrument in a laboratory situation, the lexicographic semi-order choice model was found to be successful in predicting the elimination of alternatives from a choice set. There was a negative relationship between the level of experience an individual had in backcountry use in the Southern Appalachians and the specificity with which they perceived attributes of the resource. The lexicographic semi-order choice model appears to be a feasible format for developing microcomputer-based decision aids for backcountry recreation site selection. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Lau Man Chun Patrick. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter ´Ø --- Acknowledgements / Chapter ´Ø --- Prelude / Chapter 1. --- Introduction and summary / Chapter ´Ø --- Issues and Goals / Chapter ´Ø --- Environmental problems has educational roots / Chapter ´Ø --- Environmental education / Chapter ´Ø --- Environmental education in Hong Kong / Chapter ´Ø --- The importance of primary experience in the natural environment / Chapter ´Ø --- Opportunities / Chapter ´Ø --- Conclusions / Chapter ´Ø --- Summary / Chapter ´Ø --- Hypothetical client / Chapter ´Ø --- Site / Chapter ´Ø --- Financial consideration / Chapter 2. --- The Project Brief / Chapter ´Ø --- Site and Constraints / Chapter ´Ø --- Space Program / Chapter ´Ø --- Concept Developments / Chapter 3. --- The Design / Chapter ´Ø --- Design Development / Chapter ´Ø --- "Final Plans, Sections, Elevations, Details," / Chapter 4. --- Bibliography / Chapter 5. --- Appendices / Chapter A. --- Research / Chapter 1. --- Environmental Education / Chapter 2. --- Government strategies on environmental protection / Chapter 3. --- Hypothetical client profile and preferences / Chapter B. --- Site selection and comparison / Chapter C. --- Construction cost estimation / Chapter D. --- Space Program development / Chapter E. --- Precedents Study / Chapter F. --- Interviews

Lau Hoi Leung Hollain. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / On double leaves. / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter 1.0 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- The Three Elements / Chapter 2.0 --- Why designing Urban Waterfront in H.K / Chapter 2.1 --- The fascinating Harbour / Chapter 2.2 --- Performance of Urban Waterfronts in H.K. / Chapter 3.0 --- Visual Attributes of Waterfront / Chapter 3.1 --- Experience & Elements in Urban Waterfront Scenes / Chapter 3.2 --- Design Principles of Waterfront / Chapter 4.0 --- Site Selection / Chapter 4.1 --- Criteria / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of potential sites / Chapter 5.0 --- Site Analysis / Chapter 5.1 --- Background / Chapter 5.2 --- Topography / Chapter 5.3 --- Traffic / Chapter 5.4 --- Activity / Chapter 6.0 --- Interview with Experts / Chapter 6.1 --- "Prof. Jeff Cody, Dept of Architecture, CUHK" / Chapter 6.2 --- "Mr. Adrian Norman, Hassell Design Ltd." / Chapter 6.3 --- "Prof. Lam Kin Che, Dept of Geography, CUHK" / Chapter 7.0 --- Hypothesis / Chapter 7.1 --- Existing Conditions / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Conditions / Chapter 7.3 --- Project Brief / Chapter 7.4 --- Client & Value / Chapter 7.5 --- Users / Chapter 8.0 --- Design Programs / Chapter 8.1 --- Hawaker Market / Chapter 8.2 --- Contemporary Garden / Chapter 8.3 --- Fishing Zones / Chapter 8.4 --- Fishing Promotion Centre / Chapter 8.5 --- Food Stall / Chapter 9.0 --- Future State / Chapter 9.1 --- Mission Statement / Chapter 9.2 --- Goals / Chapter 1.0 --- Design Concepts / Chapter 1.1 --- Initial concepts / Chapter 2.0 --- Review 1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Comments / Chapter 3.0 --- Review 2 / Chapter 3.1 --- Design intention / Chapter 4.0 --- Development / Chapter 4.1 --- Development / Chapter 4.2 --- Codes and Regulation / Chapter 5.0 --- Review 3 / Chapter 5.1 --- Objective / Chapter 5.2 --- Learning / Chapter 6.0 --- Final Review / Chapter 6.1 --- Design Program / Chapter 6.2 --- Design Intention / Chapter 7.0 --- Special Studies / Chapter 7.1 --- Experiencing Movement on Water

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

This dissertation examines the language-based, discursive processes through which meanings and experiences are socially constituted in outdoor recreation and natural resource environments. Language use and discourse are seen as interactive, constructive processes, approached through the theoretical perspectives of argumentation, social constructionism, and performance. Three qualitative studies, based in data collected at Acadia National Park and forest-related sites throughout Vermont, comprise this dissertation. The first study uses rhetorical analysis to examine the ways National Park Service managers and community leaders argue for the meanings and management of dark night skies in and around Acadia. The second study examines how national park visitors socially construct meanings of night sky experiences, focusing on the structure, functions and styles of language. The third study evaluates forest-oriented environmental interpretation materials produced by Vermont-based agencies through an analysis of performance. Each study analyzes a different type of discourse: semi-formal "expert" language solicited in interviews with managers and leaders (study 1), semi-formal "naive" language solicited in interviews with park visitors (study 2), and formal, written texts produced by agencies (study 3). Results show how language is used to forge agreement across competing ideals; construct meanings despite undeveloped vocabularies and intangible values; and direct visitors to perform forests in ways that develop the meanings of place. These studies contribute to the understanding of how individuals and organizations use language within discourse practices to create the reality in which socially- and culturally-important natural resource environments are managed and experienced, forming a body of work that informs theory and practice.

Thesis. 1975. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / Bibliography: leaves 86-88. / by Charles. E. Davies. / M.C.P.

Initially, components of an aquatic food web were examined to study impacts of recreational use on the aquatic ecology of Quartzville Creek, Oregon in 1995 and 1996. Measurements of the food web components consisted of observations of harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus), visual counts of the larval caddisfly Dicosmoecus gilvipes, benthic macroinvertebrate samples, and chlorophyll a biomass of epiphytic algae. In February 1996, a major flood forced closure of the study area to the general public throughout the 1996 season, providing a "natural experiment" situation. The difficulty was how to distinguish between effects of flood damage and effects of the presence/absence of humans. By accounting for various measured abiotic and biotic factors using multiple regression, distinctions between disturbance effects were made with regard to abundances of D. gilvipes and benthic invertebrates. Regression analysis also was used to account for annual site differences in average depth, habitat types and substrates. Generally, recreational impacts were apparent at more localized spatial and temporal scales than were effects from extensive flooding. However, scales at which these disturbances affected components of the food web varied. Impacts of the flood included an 81% reduction in overall D. gilvipes densities, a 37% decrease in benthic abundance, reduced chlorophyll a biomass, fewer numbers of ducks and changes in site substrates and habitats. These impacts occurred across all study sites and throughout the 1996 season, except for the recovery of benthic abundance to 1995 levels by July 1996. Recreational impacts were apparent at the site scale and appeared to be seasonal in duration. In 1995, sites without human use had significantly higher densities of D. gilvipes than those sites impacted by recreation. In 1996, no significant differences in D. gilvipes densities among sites were observed after accounting for flood effects and site differences. There were no direct significant relationships to human use among sites with regard to total benthic invertebrates, chlorophyll a biomass or H. histrionicus. Despite the lack of a direct spatial relationship between H. histrionicus and D. gilvipes at the local scale of this study, there were strong temporal correlations between harlequin brood development and D. gilvipes maturation. / Graduation date: 1997

<p>Syfte och frågeställningar</p><p>Syftet är att undersöka hur naturen påverkar människan, samt på vilket sätt företag kan använda sig av friluftsliv i ett led till ökade ekonomiska och hälsorelaterade vinster. Detta med föresatsen att friluftsliv är en kombination av naturvistelse och fysisk aktivitet.</p><p>• Vilken inverkan har naturen på människan?</p><p>• Hur kan en arbetsgivare tjäna på att erbjuda sina anställa friluftslivsaktiviteter?</p><p>• Hur kan friluftsliv utveckla gruppdynamik?</p><p>Metod</p><p>Forskning och litteratur har granskats för att svara på studiens syfte. En hypotetiskt deduktiv metod för sökning av fakta och forskning kring naturens positiva inverkan på hälsan, kopplingen natur och hälsa samt grupper och grupputveckling har använts. Resultatet av en enkätundersökning kring företags intresse av friluftsliv som friskvård, utgör även det en del i bakgrunden i denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie.</p><p>Sammanfattande diskussion</p><p>Sverige förlorar varje år stora summor pengar på sjukfrånvaro till följd av fysisk inaktivitet. Fysisk aktivitet är sedan länge även det en välkänd hälsoförbättrare samtidigt som många forskningsresultat visar på att naturen påverkar människans hälsa positivt. I och med dessa fakta vore det bra om ett koncept där fysisk aktivitet kombineras med naturvistelse(friluftsliv) kunde erbjudas för företag, som ett alternativ till traditionell friskvård.</p><p>En framtida utmaning är att få företag att se vinsterna med att satsa pengar på att få deras personal mer fysiskt aktiv och därmed öka deras hälsa. Positivt är att enkätundersökningen visar att de vinster företagen själva såg som resultat av deltagande i friluftsaktiviteter var; minskad sjukfrånvaro, gladare, piggare personal, mer motiverad personal samt bättre effektivitet. Detta tyder på att viss kunskap kring vikten av en frisk personal redan finns i arbetslivet.</p> / <p>Aim</p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate how nature affects the human being, and further to examine how companies can benefit, both economically and health wise, by using outdoor recreation as health service. This based on outdoor recreation practised in a nature setting and consisting of physical activity.</p><p>• How does nature affect the human being?</p><p>• How can an employer profit from offering his/her employees outdoor recreation?</p><p>• How can outdoor recreation improve group spirit?</p><p>Method</p><p>Research within following areas has been studied; Natures positive effects on the human being, the connection between nature and health, and group development. The result from a questionnaire based survey about company’s interest in outdoor recreation as health service, also stand as part of the background in this qualitative literature study.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Every year, Sweden looses huge amounts of money due to illness, caused by lack of physical activity. The fact that physical activity has positive effects on human physical and mental health is since far known, and results from scientific studies show that nature also has positive effects on the human body and mind. Considering these facts, it would be good if a combination of physical activity and outdoor activities (=outdoor recreation) could be offered by company health service, as an alternative to traditional health service.</p><p>A future challenge is to get companies to spend money on outdoor recreations as health service. By showing companies evidence of probable profits from betting money on getting their employees more physical active, and thereby increasing their health status, this challenge will hopefully be attained.</p>