published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm Institute of Education, 1982?. / Bibliography: p. 241-255.

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Ce travail s'attache à l'observation des dynamiques émergentes de développement économique des territoires ruraux par le prisme de la marchandisation des activités récréatives. Pour cela il propose de comprendre les effets des entrepreneurs de l'encadrement sportif de nature sur les systèmes territoriaux, touristiques et ruraux. Les sports de nature sont des activités émergentes qui se sont dotées depuis quelques dizaines d'années d'une dimension commerciale et qui s'inscrivent largement dans les espaces ruraux. Dès lors, les sports de nature constituent localement des filières professionnelles suivant lesquelles les opérateurs se structurent, se localisent ou échangent dans le but de développer leurs activités. Celles-ci s'accompagneraient alors d'impacts économiques et territoriaux. Toutefois, ces retombées sont particulièrement complexes à discerner ou à évaluer, se diffusant ou se dissimulant suivant les caractéristiques socio-spatiales des sports de nature marchands. Cependant, des logiques spatiales puis territoriales apparaissent au sein même du marché du tourisme sportif de nature si l'on observe le groupe des entrepreneurs de l'encadrement marchand représentant l'essentiel de l'offre commerciale de sports de nature en milieu rural. Ces logiques peuvent être comparées à celles touchant la répartition et la localisation des sites sportifs ou de l'économie touristique. La problématique de cette recherche est alors la suivante : Comment le marché du tourisme sportif de nature interagit-il avec les territoires ruraux ? Les sports de nature marchands participent à la constitution d'une ressource territoriale, construite puis activée par des facteurs culturels, environnementaux et économiques auxquels s'ajoute un appui de la sphère publique pour qui ces activités sont des moyens d'impulser une nouvelle forme de développement rural diffus. Les territoires ruraux sont les supports d'un marché touristique et sportif de nature dont les effets sur l'économie locale dépendent de la diversité des formes de pratique et de la structuration de cette filière. Cette complexité sociale et spatiale conduit cette recherche à observer les modes de structuration du marché du tourisme sportif de nature en milieu rural qui conditionnent "l'effet territoire", les avantages liés à la territorialisation des entrepreneurs et de leurs offres, à la fois du coté des systèmes productifs, des systèmes sociaux et des systèmes administratifs. Cette recherche se base sur l'exemple du département de l'Ardèche pour illustrer ces mécanismes socio-spatiaux. Ce territoire est une destination sportive de nature historique en France où d'une part le marché du tourisme sportif de nature s'est suffisamment développé pour que la répartition de ces opérateurs, ses acteurs et ses sites de pratique constituent ensemble un objet géographique quantitatif et qualitatif. D'autre part, les institutions publiques et sportives y participent avec les acteurs locaux à la gestion et au développement des activités sportives de nature dans ce milieu rural, au travers des procédures de gestion concertée. Elles soulignent donc bien l'existence d'un système économique local portant sur le tourisme sportif de nature, un marché de l'encadrement professionnel de cette filière en Ardèche. On utilisera ce terrain dans l'objectif d'appuyer des logiques introduites à l'échelle nationale et que l'on confirmera avec une étude approfondie du territoire de l'Ardèche. On aura recourt pour cela à une approche quantitative, statistique et cartographique d'un côté puis qualitative en s'appuyant sur des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès d'un échantillon d'entrepreneurs des sports de nature, d'une part, puis des acteurs locaux de ces activités d'autre part. / This thesis deals whit the observation of the emerging dynamics of territorial economic development in the rural areas by the prism of the outdoor activities merchandising. It aims to understand the effects of the contractor in the outdoor sports on the territorial, the touristic and the rural systems. Those activities are emerging and they have established a new commercial dimension since a decade, which is now deeply printed in the rural areas. By then, the outdoor leisure activities constitute locally a vocational which the contractor uses to structure themselves, localise their activities or trade between them. This vocational would potentially provide territorial effects. However, the territorial impact of the outdoor sport activities are particularly difficult to measure or to localise because it diffuses or dissimulates following the socio-spatial characteristics of the commercial outdoor sports. Nevertheless, spatial then territorial logics appears within the outdoor sport tourism market if we observe the group of the contractors of sport framing in those activities which represent the entirety of the market of the outdoor sport activities in rural areas. Those logics can be compared to those who rules the distribution and the localisation of the sporting site or the tourism economics. The problem of this research is the following: how the outdoor sport tourism market interact with the rural territories? The merchandised outdoor sports participate to the constitution of a territorial resource, constructed then activated by cultural, environmental, politic, and economic factors. The rural areas are the support of a sport and tourism market whose effects on the local economy depends of the diversity of the activities forms and the vocational structuration. This social and geographic complexity leads this research to observe the local structuration modes of the outdoor sport and tourism market in rural areas, both by the productive systems, social systems and administrative systems. This work is based on the example of the Ardèche department for illustrating the presented socio-spatial mechanism. This space is an historic outdoor sport and tourism destination in France, where for one part the market of the sport tourism is developed enough for the repartition of its operator, its actors, its sport sites form a geographic object to be observed. For another part, the public and sport institution participates there, with the local actors, to the management and development of outdoor sport activities in rural areas through procedures of consultation. Those consultations underlined the existence of an economic and local system dealing with outdoor sport activities and especially vocational of sport framing in Ardèche. The use of cartographic studies, crossed with interviews of the vocational of outdoor sport framing would allowed us to examine the spatial logics of development for the outdoor sport economics, their territorial resource and after all to build a territorial model. This model, the economic and local outdoor sport system, will show the interaction between the operators of the outdoor sport market and their space, and particularly rural areas.

Orientador: Carmen Lúcia Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalben_Andre_D.pdf: 69401915 bytes, checksum: c1622c6f46b17e83bd4234ee6a6b295b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As colônias de férias escolares tiveram como maior suporte teórico antigos conhecimentos advindos da medicina que priorizavam uma vida ao ar livre, distante dos centros urbanos, para a recuperação e o fortalecimento corporal. Ao oferecerem uma substanciosa alimentação e práticas corporais realizadas junto à natureza às crianças de classes populares no decorrer das férias escolares, tiveram por objetivo principal, inicialmente prevenir o contágio de doenças, sobretudo a tuberculose, que debilitavam a saúde de muitos moradores de grandes cidades. Por meio de congressos, as colônias de férias foram divulgadas entre a comunidade científica internacional a partir de 1882, sendo frequentemente recomendadas como uma inovadora medida de assistência infantil que diversos países poderiam adotar para proteger a saúde de suas crianças. Ao tomar como fontes principais os anais dos Congressos Internacionais de Higiene e Demografia, dos Congressos Pan-Americanos da Criança e, ainda, revistas especializadas em saúde, educação e educação física, muitas publicadas por instâncias administrativas oficiais, a pesquisa centralizou-se em investigar as principais políticas de implementação de colônias de férias para as crianças de quatro dos maiores centros urbanos sul-americanos das primeiras décadas do século XX: Buenos Aires, Montevidéu, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O recorte temporal foi definido de 1882, quando as colônias de férias começaram a ser debatidas no cenário internacional, até meados da década de 1950, momento no qual os primeiros medicamentos alopáticos para o tratamento da tuberculose passaram a ser empregados de modo mais efetivo no controle da doença, alterando as políticas de saúde pública de muitos países, que deixariam de adotar os recursos da vida ao ar livre para preservar a saúde de suas populações, e destituindo as colônias de férias do seu principal objetivo médico. A pesquisa procurou expandir os estudos realizados pela História da Educação e pela História da Educação Física, uma vez que as colônias de férias apresentam-se na atualidade como um objeto de estudos ainda pouco explorado pela ciência sul-americana, mas que, no entanto, nos narram processos históricos bastante inovadores ao se estabelecerem como uma instituição concomitantemente próxima e distinta da escola, onde foram gestadas e aplicadas novas práticas e modelos pedagógicos e onde conteúdos antes excluídos das pedagogias mais tradicionais encontraram a oportunidade de serem incorporados enquanto possibilidade educativa. Ao adotar a história cultural como principal referencial teórico para a análise das fontes, foram priorizadas as transformações das mentalidades e sensibilidades que deslocaram a vida ao ar livre de seus preceitos médicos para concebê-la como uma educação do corpo passível de ser sistematizada e institucionalizada pelas colônias de férias. Durante o período abordado pela pesquisa, foi possível concluir que as colônias de férias não se limitaram tão somente a uma medida de saúde pública, uma vez que organizaram em seu interior uma série de procedimentos que transformariam definitivamente as férias escolares em uma aventura do corpo que possibilitava que muitos desejos infantis se tornassem realidade e que demarcava novas possibilidades educativas voltadas especialmente à crianças que não tinham, até então, seus direitos à saúde, à educação e ao brincar integralmente respeitados / Abstract: The summer camps (vacation colonies) had the most theoretical support in ancient knowledge derived from the medicine which prioritized the outdoor life, far from the urban centers, for recovery and strengthening the body. By offering healthy food and bodily practices performed within the nature for the children of the working classes during their vacation, the summer camps had initially as their main objective the prevention of the spread of diseases, especially tuberculosis, which contagiated many residents of large cities. The summer camps were published in the international scientific community since 1882 through conferences and were often recommended as an innovative measure of children care that many countries could adopt to protect their children's health. Taking as the main sources for the research the annals of International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, the Pan American Child Congress and also magazines specialized in health, education and physical education, many of them published by official departments, the propose of this research is to investigate the policies to implement the summer camps for children in the four largest urban centers of South America at the first decades of the twentieth century: Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The time bias is defined from 1882, when the summer camps began to be debated in the international arena, until the mid-1950s, when the first allopathic medice to treat the tuberculosis began to be used more effectively to control the disease, changing the public health policy in many countries, which would not take the resources to maintain the outdoor life to preserve the health of their populations, and unseating the summer camps of their major medical goal. The research sought to expand the studies conducted by the History of Education and the History of Physical Education, since the summer camps are object of study unexplored by the South American science, even though they narrate the innovative hitorical perspective when they are established as an institution concurrently next and distinct from school, creating and implementing new practices and educational models and pedagical contents, when more traditional pedagogies previously excluded found the opportunity to be incorporated as an educational opportunity. Adopting the cultural history as the theoretical framework for the analysis of the sources this research focus on the changing of the mentalities and sensibilities that shifted the outdoor life from the medical precepts to conceive it as an education body capable of being systematized and institutionalized by the summer camps. During the period covered by the survey, it concludes that the summer camps were not limited only as a public health measure, once they staged a series of educational procedures that would definitely transform the school holidays in an adventure of the body that allowed many children's wishes come true and that marked new educational opportunities geared especially to children who had not hitherto their rights to health , education and play fully respected / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

"The purposes of the study were to report attendance figures of the Deparment during the period of the study, to report the acquisition of new land and facilities during the period of the study, to survey the program change in relation to its leaders during the period of the study, to determine if the Dallas Park and Recreation Department met the standards set up by the National Recreation and Park Association, and to project what recreational facilities will be needed in the next decade...This study indicates that the Dallas Park and Recreation Department is below the standards of the National Recreation Park Association in most areas of concern. The one metropolitan zoo and the ten acres of land per 560 population were the only areas that met or exceeded the standards. The ownership of land is most important so that when monies become available recreation facilities, program and sfaff can be increased. "--leaves 1,50.

Ce travail analyse les recompositions territoriales que produisent l’augmentation et la diversification des usages sportifs des forêts urbaines. La thèse interroge conjointement les demandes et les usages des populations urbaines, la manière dont ils s’ajustent à des choix d’équipement et à des formes de gestion. La thèse rend compte des déterminations réciproques des cultures, des rapports sociaux et des rapports spatiaux à l’échelle d’une métropole, Rouen, dont la ceinture verte est classée « Forêt d’Exception® » et dont la démarche gestionnaire s’avère relativement pionnière. Le corpus comprend 43 entretiens semi-directifs, divers documents (articles de presse, bulletins d’information, rapports d’activités, etc.), ainsi que de nombreuses données obtenues par questionnaire. Ces dernières ont été produites à l’échelle de la métropole (n=5700), des quartiers de lisière (n = 661) et des pratiques (n=334).L’analyse, multiscalaire, révèle le fonctionnement de médiations territoriales originales, qui sont aussi des analyseurs de choix. La diversité des usages dévoile en premier lieu des territoires du quotidien et des manières d’habiter très différenciées. Leur émergence récréative permet également d’observer, à travers des profils de pratiquants, les recompositions des formes sportives de la vie urbaine contemporaine. À l’heure du numérique et au croisement des logiques de la socialisation (traces et images de soi), de l’événementiel (développement des fun runs) et de l’affirmation d’un échelon politique « métropolitain », on analyse enfin comment ces formes et ces logiques de communication affectent la prise en charge de ces espaces naturels, qu’elles tendent à constituer en « stations ». / This work examines territorial recomposition produced by augmentation and diversification of urban forest outdoor recreation. The thesis interrogates jointly claim and practice and residential ‘choices’, choices in terms of cities and space inside cities. We south to elucidate the reciprocal determination of the various cultures, social relationships and spatial relations in Rouen metropolis (France). Rouen green belt is classified “Exceptional Forest ®” and the forest management is relatively pioneer. The corpus contains 43 semi-structured interviews, documents from several sources (departments of urban planning, administrative reports, newspapers articles, etc.) and several surveys collected by the scale of Rouen metropolis (N=5700), forest-fringe residents (N=661) and outdoor recreation practitioners (N=334). A multi-scale approach reveal how territorial mediations operate as a decision analyser. Practice diversity reveals “territories of the everyday” and different ways of living. Outdoor recreation emergence also allows to observe the urban life physical activities restructuration through the description of the type of practitioners. At the crossing of the logic of socialization (tracks, self-images), the logic of event management (fun runs development) and the appearance of a new metropolitain political scale we analysed how communication affects natural landscape and tend to turn them into “resort”.

The purpose of this paper is primarily that of determining what recreational needs exist today, what social changes have occurred to bring about these needs, what unit of society is most capable of taking the lead in meeting these needs, and what procedures may be adopted for meeting them. An interest in this subject has stemmed from observation of two main factors: (1) The existence of inadequate programs for meeting recreational needs in schools with which the writer has been associated, and (2) General indifference to or ignorance of the importance of educating for worthwhile use of leisure time. / "A Paper." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Virgil E. Strickland, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references.

Charon's Garden Wilderness Area within the Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma is a landscape that is granted federal protection through the Wilderness Act of 1964. The discourse of wilderness management is influenced by governmental policies and practice which organize knowledge surrounding the natural landscape, like with the formation and semantics of the Wilderness Act. The Wilderness Act establishes characteristics that are designed to monitor and control the landscape and serve as a baseline and criterion for further wilderness preservation. These characteristics render the wilderness space as governable. Conservation management alternatives are identified which bypass the duality of nature from western society suggested by the discourse of environmental policy. These alternatives are understood under two notions of behaviors and perceptions. The project's goal is to uncover wilderness users' recreation behaviors and perceptions of wilderness as a designated space. Through understanding and assessing user's behaviors and perception of wilderness, alternative policies and practices that offer sustainable management practices and recreation opportunities can be developed.

B. Tech. (Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Human Sciences) Vaal University of Technology. / Tourism is considered one of the most important industries in the global economy and is still growing, especially in South Africa. Effective marketing is only possible if knowledge is available on tourists’ decisions, wants, needs and so forth. This will allow for effective market segmentation and improve the understanding of the market and what the market requires. This will also lead to more effective marketing campaigns, marketing spend and use of scarce resources. This can be achieved by studying the unique characteristics of the various markets in South Africa. Market segmentation refers to a technique used by tourism organisations to divide a market into smaller, more clearly defined, groups that share similar needs, wants and characteristics. This will allow for tailor-made products and services. Although the tourism industry in South Africa is well developed for the Caucasian market it is not as familiar with the black market and its needs. Therefore products cannot be developed according to the life styles of black South Africans. This requires more research to be conducted. The main purpose of the study was thus to segment the black market visiting Abrahamsrust Resort in the Vaal Region. This has enabled the researcher to identify important factors with regard to market segmentation to be implemented for black tourists in the Vaal Region and enable marketers to target the selected market segments in the region. A total number of 400 questionnaires were distributed among visitors of which 319 were completed and used. All questionnaires were distributed at Abrahamsrust Resort. Data were used and captured in the form of graphs and tables so as to design the profile. The main variables of this study were gender, occupation, language, province of origin, number of visits, number of children, number of days spent as well as average spend. The results found can contribute in the sense of helping marketers to target the selected target market. Suggestions from attendees were that management should improve facilities and services at the events. In order to cluster the segments, hierarchical clustering was done which revealed three significant clusters based on travel motivations, namely Social Relaxers, Quality Seekers and Loyal Relaxers. Cluster one is motivated by social and relaxing needs, cluster two focuses on quality and value for money aspects and cluster three seems to be the loyal visitors to the resort travelling for relaxation purposes. In terms of describing the three clusters it was found that the demographic segmentation variables did not differ significantly between the clusters, with only a small difference in terms of gender. In terms of describing the behavioural segmentation variables it was also found that the clusters did not differ significantly but differences were found on number of days at the resort and recreation activities preferred for the children. Besides the differences in travel motivations it was thus found that the current market is very much homogenous. This holds certain implications for the marketing strategy of the resort.