Email stress: what are its causes? how is it measured? can it be solved? The literature review revealed that, despite the term being well used and recognised, discussions surrounding the root cause of email stress had reached little consensus and the concept was not well understood. By its very nature, email stress theory had fallen victim to the academic debate between psychological vs. physiological interpretations of stress which, as a result of either choice, limited more progressive research. Likewise an array of email management strategies had been identified however, whilst some generated quick successes, they appeared to suffer longevity issues and were not maintained a few months after implementation in the workplace. The purpose of this research was to determine whether email communication causes employees psychological and physiological stress and investigate the impact of email management strategies in the workplace. A pragmatic philosophy placed the research problem as central and valued the differences between paradigms to promote a mixed-method approach to research. The decision to pair both case studies and action research methods ensured a framework for presenting results and an actionable solution was achieved. In direct response to the research aims an original email stress measuring methodology was devised that combined various data collection tools to measure and investigate email stress. This research design was applied and evaluated 'email free time' and email filing. Results of the study showed an increased stress response to occur during email use, i.e. caused employees' increased blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and perceived stress, and a number of adverse effects such as managing staff via email, social detachment, blame and cover-your-back culture were identified. Findings revealed 'email free time' was not a desirable strategy to manage email stress and related stressors, whereas email filing was found more beneficial to workers well-being. Consolidation of the data gathered from the literature review and research findings were used to develop an initial conceptualisation of email stress in the form of two models, i.e. explanatory and action. A focus group was conducted to validate the proposed models and a further investigation at the ? was carried out to critique the use of an email training intervention. The results showed some improvements to employees' behaviour after the training, e.g. improved writing style, email checked on fewer occasions each day and fewer sufferers of email addiction. The initial models devised, alongside the latter findings, were synthesised to create a single integrative multidimensional model of email stress and management strategies. The model made an original contribution to knowledge in terms of theory, i.e. to conceptualise email stress, and practice, i.e. to offer practical solutions to the email worker.

Orientador: Silméia Garcia Zanati Silméia Garcia Bazan / Resumo: Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular. Quando a mulher hipertensa engravida, ocorre uma nova condição hemodinâmica, com adição da situação de sobrecarga crônica de pressão à situação de sobrecarga crônica de volume. Essa nova condição hemodinâmica pode propiciar maior hipertrofia miocárdica (HVE), sendo que sua evolução após o parto ainda é pouco estudada na literatura. Suspeita-se que as mulheres hipertensas que apresentaram HVE durante gestação mantenham essa alteração cardíaca após o parto. Objetivos: Avaliar a hipertrofia miocárdica em mulheres hipertensas no terceiro trimestre da gestação e após seis meses do parto e estabelecer quais variáveis clínicas estão associadas com risco aumentado de hipertrofia miocárdica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo longitudinal incluindo 41 mulheres gestantes com idade gestacional acima de 35 semanas e com diagnóstico prévio de HAS, acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Pré-Natal de Hipertensão Arterial do Serviço de Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Foram submetidas às avaliações clínica e ecocardiográfica em dois momentos, período gestacional e período de seis meses após o parto. A HVE foi definida para índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo indexada pela altura (IMVE) ≥ 45g/m2,7. Análise estatística: regressão logística multivariada com as exposições mais fortemente associadas com a manutenção da HVE n... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the principal risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease. When a hypertensive woman becomes pregnant, a new hemodynamic condition is installed, with addition from chronic pressure overload to chronic volume overload. This new hemodynamic condition can provides greater myocardial hypertrophy (LVH), whose postpartum evolution has been little studied in the literature. It is suspected that hypertensive women who presented LVH during pregnancy maintain this cardiac alteration after delivery. Objectives: To evaluate myocardial hypertrophy in hypertensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy and six months after delivery and to establish which clinical variables are associated with elevated risk of myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study including 41 pregnant women beyond 35 gestational weeks and with previous SAH diagnosis, monitored at the Hypertension Clinic of the Obstetrics Unit of the Botucatu School of Medicine - UNESP. They were submitted to clinical and echocardiographic evaluation at two moments, the gestational period and six months postpartum. LVH was defined for the left ventricular mass index as (LVMI) ≥ 45g/m2.7. Statistical analysis: multivariate logistic regression with the exposures most strongly associated with maintenance of hypertrophy in univariate analysis. Significance level: p<0.05. Results: The mean age was 29±6.2 years; mean gestacional age was 36.7±1.18 weeks;... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A hérnia diafragmática congênita (CDH) tem incidência de aproximadamente 1:2500 nascidos vivos e mortalidade de aproximadamente 70%. A hipertensão arteiral pulmonar é umas das principais complicações neonatais e pode levar à sobrecarga cardíaca. A principal estratégia de tratamento para os casos de grave hipoplasia pulmonar no período pré-natal é a traqueo-oclusão fetal (TO), no entanto, as consequências geradas ao tecido cardíaco são incertas, tanto na CDH quanto no tratamento com TO. Troponininas (cTnI e cTnT) são proteínas intracelulares miocárdicas utilizadas como indicativo de lesão cardiomiocítica. Portanto, nosso objetivo foi avaliar as alterações anatômicas, funcionais e bioquímicas dos ventrículos esquerdo (VE) e direito (VD) na CDH e CDHTO por meio das análises de ecocardiografia (ECO), histologia e bioquímica no modelo experimental de CDH. Para isso, foram utilizados neonatos de coelhos (n=10) divididos em três grupos: controle (C), hérnia diafragmática congênita (CDH), e hérnia diafragmática congênita + traqueo-oclusão (CDHTO). A cirurgia de CDH foi realizada no dia 25 da gestação (DG) da coelha (termo = 31 dias), e a TO no 27DG. A coleta foi realizada em 30DG, a ECO neonatal foi realizada imediatamente após retirada do útero e após o sacrifício os pulmões e coração foram coletados. A mortalidade da CDH fi de 20% e de CDHTO de 30%. Os resultados da ECO e da histologia mostraram hipoplasia de VE nos grupos CDH e CDHTO (*p<0,05), sendo que no VD, o grupo CDH apresentou dilatação e o grupo CDHTO apresentou hipoplasia. Na imunofluorescência (IF), western blotting (WB) e RT-qPCR houve aumento de cTnI no VD dos grupos CDH e CDHTO em relação à C (*p<0,05), sem alteração de expressão de cTnI no VE (NS); cTnT não apresentou alteração em ambos ventrículos (NS). Concluímos que as alterações cardíacas em CDH e CDHTO podem ser verificadas logo após o nascimento e há associação das alterações ecocardiográficas, histométricas e bioquímicas, como a hipoplasia de VE e dilatação de VD associada ao aumento tecidual de cTnI no VD no grupo CDH, indicando sofrimento cardíaco ainda no período fetal. Além disso, a realização do tratamento fetal pela TO no grupo CDH (CDHTO) não apresentou melhora das alterações do comprometimento do miocárdio. / Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has an incidence of approximately 1: 2500 live births and a mortality rate of approximately 70%. Pulmonary hypertension is one of the major neonatal complications and can lead to cardiac overload. The main treatment strategy for cases of severe prenatal pulmonary hypoplasia is fetal tracheal occlusion (TO), however, the consequences in the cardiac tissue are uncertain, in both the CDH and the TO treatment. cTnI and cTnT are myocardial intracellular proteins used as an indicative of cardiomyocyte injury that could be measured in neonates with CDH. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the anatomical, functional and biochemical alterations in the left ventricle (LV) and in the right ventricle (RV) of neonates with CDH and CDHTO through echocardiography (ECO), histology and biochemistry analysis in the experimental rabbit CDH model. Neonates of rabbits (n = 10) were divided into three groups: C (control), CDH (congenital diaphragmatic hernia) and CDHTO (congenital diaphragmatic hernia + tracheal occlusion). CDH surgery was performed on day 25 of gestation (GD) of the rabbit (term = 31 days), and TO treatment on 27GD. The harvest was performed in 30GD, followed by neonatal ECO immediately after birth, then after sacrifice the lungs and heart were harvested. The mortality in the surgical groups was 20% CDH and 30% CDHTO. The ECO and histology results showed LV hypoplasia in the CDH and CDHTO (* p <0.05) groups. In the RV, the CDH group presented dilation and the CDHTO group presented hypoplasia. In the immunofluorescence (IF), western blotting (WB) and RTqPCR analysis there was an increase of cTnI in the RV of CDH and CDHTO groups in comparison with C group (* p<0.05), with no alteration of cTnI expression in the LV (NS). There was no difference of cTnT expression in both ventricles (NS). We conclude that cardiac alterations in CDH and CDHTO can be verified soon after birth, also there is an association of echocardiographic, histometric and biochemical alterations, such as LV hypoplasia and RV dilation with increased cTnI tissue expression in the RV of CDH group, indicating cardiac distress still in the fetal period. In addition, the performance of CDH fetal treatment by TO, (CDHTO) group, did not improve the myocardial detriment.

Introduction: Information overload occurs when received information exceed the consumer's ability to process the information and the consumers are overwhelmed by the information. How the consumer can process the information and if the consumer will be overwhelmed depends on the quantity and quality of the information. There is a large amount of information on social media and social media is a crucial platform for companies to communicate to consumers, that can cause information overload, whereas the information consumer receives effects consumers purchase intentions. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain the effect information overload in terms of quantity and quality of information on social media has on consumers purchase intentions. Conceptual: The theory regarding information overload was conceptualised with the theory of consumers purchase intentions. This lead to the two hypotheses; H1: Information overload in terms of quantity of information on social media has a positive effect on consumers purchase intentions; H2: Information overload in terms of quality of information on social media has a positive effect on consumers purchase intentions. Methodology: The research approach used was deductive with a quantitative nature. Following, a questionnaire was formed and shared online in order to gather data to meet the purpose. The sample used was convenience- and snowball sampling and consisted of social media users. After collecting the data, 173 responses could be used and the answers was then analysed to get the results. Result: Both hypotheses could be rejected. H1, did not have a effect on consumers purchase intentions and H2, had a negative effect on consumers purchase intentions. Conclusion: When putting information overload in a social media context and its effect on consumer purchase intentions, the results differs compared to previous research of information overload in terms of quantity of information but not regarding information overload in terms of quality of information.

Digital marketing involves several channels that represent important touchpoints across the customer journey which SMEs must prioritize and invest in effectively. However, SMEs can struggle with limited resources of time, budget and knowledge which makes successful implementation of digital marketing and conversion rate optimization difficult. The challenges are even more severe when adding information overload to the context and how this affects consumers behavior along the increasingly complex nature of the customer journey. Thereby, the purpose of this study is to explore what Swedish SMEs should prioritize when it comes to digital marketing touchpoints to increase conversions, especially emphasizing how consumers’ behaviors may be affected by information overload across the customer journey. This was carried out by using a qualitative approach with an exploratory nature and by conducting in-depth interviews with consumers and experts in the digital marketing field. The main findings of this study suggest that online advertising, SEO, social media, web pages and customer reviews are of highest priority for SMEs to increase conversions. Further, information overload has a significant role in the customer journey in terms of large quantities of information, wrong characteristics, information disorganization, complex task and process parameters and lacking quality of content. Lastly, information overload is also shown as a conflict between marketers and consumers.

A maior expectativa de vida dos pacientes com talassemia maior, as repetidas transfusões de concentrado de hemácias como parte do tratamento, podem ocasionar maior deposição de ferro nos órgãos, e consequentemente, as comorbidades. Dessa forma, dentre as comorbidades endócrinas, temos o diabetes mellitus como uma das principais, sendo necessário conhecer o panorama em nossa realidade. O estudo tem como objetivos determinar a prevalência do diagnóstico de diabetes em pacientes com talassemia maior, caracterizar e comparar os pacientes com talassemia maior, e diabetes mellitus, segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado em um centro de referência no tratamento de talassemia do interior paulista. A amostra foi constituída por 31 pacientes com talassemia maior. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento subdividido em duas partes. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista dirigida e os resultados de exames laboratoriais pelo prontuário eletrônico do paciente, no período de junho a agosto de 2015. Os dados foram digitados e importados para o programa SPSS for Windows, versão 17.0 e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (CEP/EERP-USP), sob Protocolo nº 41912415.3.0000.5393. Dos 31 pacientes com talassemia maior, 5 (16,1%) tinham diabetes mellitus. Em relação as variáveis sociodemográficas, não houve diferenças na distribuição dos pacientes entre os sexos, a maioria eram solteiros e cursaram até o ensino médio completo. A idade variou de cinco a 48 anos, com média de 24,9 anos de idade, a maioria recebia até 10 salários mínimos, eram estudantes e possuíam carteira de trabalho assinada. No que tange às variáveis clínicas, temos que o tratamento utilizado predominante foi o quelante oral deferasirox, e naqueles pacientes com diabetes, além do deferasirox, a maioria utilizava a insulina. O esquema transfusional predominante foi o de 15 a 22 dias. O índice de massa corpórea foi classificado como eutrófico e a pressão arterial, considerada ótima para a maioria dos pacientes. Quanto aos achados dos exames laboratoriais, os pacientes com diabetes e talassemia apresentaram valores alterados de glicemia de jejum e transaminase, já os pacientes sem diabetes apresentaram valores alterados de ferritina sérica. No que se refere aos achados dos exames de imagem, nenhum paciente com diabetes e Talassemia maior apresentou massa óssea adequada, o que reforça a importância de seu monitoramento. Destaca-se o aumento de sobrecarga cardíaca para os pacientes com diabetes e talassemia. Para os pacientes com talassemia e sem diabetes, a maioria apresentou grave sobrecarga de ferro hepático na ressonância magnética do fígado, enquanto para a maioria dos pacientes com diabetes foi considerado normal. Dessa forma, conhecer as características clínicas dos pacientes com talassemia maior e diabetes permite subsidiar a assistência de enfermagem qualificada e contribuir com a saúde dos pacientes com condições crônicas. Contudo, os nossos achados corroboram com as taxas de prevalência de diabetes em pacientes com talassemia maior encontradas na literatura nacional e internacional / The longer life expectancy of patients with thalassemia major, repeated red blood cell transfusions as part of the treatment, may lead to increased iron deposition in the organs, and consequently, comorbidities. Thus, among the endocrine comorbidities, we have diabetes mellitus as one of the main ones, being necessary to know the panorama in our reality. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients with thalassemia major and to characterize and compare patients with thalassemia major, and diabetes mellitus, according to sociodemographic and clinical variables.This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in a reference center in thalassemia treatment of São Paulo countryside. The sample consisted of 31 patients with thalassemia major. For data collection, an instrument was divided into two parts. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by means of a directed interview and the laboratory tests results by the patient\'s electronic record, from June to August 2015. Data were loaded into SPSS for Windows software, version 17.0 and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (CEP / EERP-USP) under Protocol No. 41912415.3.0000.5393. Of the 31 patients with thalassemia major, 5 (16,1%) had diabetes mellitus. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, there were no differences in the distribution of the patients between the sexes, most of them were single and enrolled in high school. The age ranged from five to 48 years, with a mean of 24,9 years of age, the majority received up to 10 minimum wages, were students and had a work contract. Regarding the clinical variables, we have that the predominant treatment was the oral chelator deferasirox, and in those patients with diabetes, in addition to deferasirox, the majority used insulin. The predominant transfusion regimen was 15 to 22 days. Body mass index was classified as eutrophic and blood pressure was considered optimal for most patients. Regarding the laboratory findings, patients with diabetes and thalassemia had altered values of fasting glycemia and transaminase, whereas patients without diabetes had altered values of serum ferritin. Regarding imaging exams findings, no patient with diabetes and major thalassemia presented adequate bone mass, which reinforces the importance of their monitoring. The increase in cardiac overload for patients with diabetes and thalassemia stands out. For patients with thalassemia and without diabetes, the majority had severe hepatic iron overload in the magnetic resonance imaging of the liver, while for most patients with diabetes it was considered normal. Thus, knowing the clinical characteristics of patients with thalassemia major and diabetes allows subsidizing qualified nursing care and contributing to the health of patients with chronic conditions. However, our findings corroborate the prevalence rates of diabetes in patients with thalassemia major found in the national and international literature

É muito importante para a indústria fornecer produtos competitivos e que exerçam corretamente as suas funções perante o cliente. Uma das ferramentas existentes para atingir estes objetivos é a realização de testes de fadiga e durabilidade cada vez mais refinados e em espaço mais curto de tempo. Uma das maneiras de se executar testes de fadiga mais precisos é utilizando parâmetros que sejam fiéis à solicitação que o produto sofre durante o seu uso. Com esse intuito surgiram os testes de fadiga sob amplitude variável. Juntamente com eles surgem as particularidades deste tipo de solicitação, que é de natureza complexa. Algumas particularidades são a dependência do resultado na história de carregamento (também chamada de \"interação de cargas\") e a variação abrupta do nível de carga durante o tempo de aplicação. Fenômenos estes chamados de sobrecarga ou subcarga (overload e underload), que aqui serão agrupados, muitas vezes de forma simplista, de perturbações no espectro de fadiga. A finalidade principal deste trabalho é descrever a influência das perturbações ocorridas nas solicitações nos testes de fadiga em regime de amplitude variável, mais precisamente em testes de bancada, em que se busca a reprodução de situações de trabalho reais de um componente. Apesar de esse assunto ser alvo de diversas investigações recentes, nenhum trabalho tem como foco a influência das paradas (completa remoção de carga) realizadas durante um teste de fadiga acelerado. Essas paradas são extremamente comuns na prática laboratorial, seja por manutenção do equipamento, inspeção da amostra ou necessidade de operação. O objeto alvo de estudo nesta pesquisa é um suporte metálico de buzina, utilizado em automóveis de passeio. Apesar de sua concepção simples, tal componente é responsável por exercer funções importantes e é sujeito a uma interessante gama de solicitações. Como resultado observou-se que a aplicação das paradas durante os testes de fadiga simulados no componente automotivo, provoca variações em sua vida útil total. E o tempo de parada também exerce influência nesta variação observada. Essas paradas não se encaixam perfeitamente nas classificações de perturbações no espectro registradas na literatura. Por esse motivo o trabalho se propõe ainda a sintetizar e uniformizar a terminologia para as variações abruptas de tensão aplicadas no tempo (as sobrecargas e as subcargas), tendo em vista que ocorre a falta de consenso entre os termos utilizados atualmente na literatura e seus respectivos conceitos. / It is very important to the industry to deliver competitive products that can properly perform their functions to the final customer. One existing tool for achieve this objective is the usage of abbreviated durability and fatigue tests. For more precise tests, the required parameters must be reliable when compared to the efforts that the component is submitted at the field during your real performance. In order to achieve these results, the fatigue tests under variable amplitude loading came to existence. Together came also in existence the singularities from this complex behavior. Some of these singularities are the dependence in loading history (also called \"load interaction effects\") and the abrupt load variation level during the test time. These phenomenons are called overloads or underloads. These particularities will be grouped in this work as \"perturbations\" on the fatigue spectrum. The main objective of this work is to describe the influence of these perturbations upon the fatigue tests under variable amplitude loading, more precisely on bench tests, where one seeks the concise reproduction of the real work situations for one component or system. Although this subject lately has caused more interest to the researchers, no work which focuses on the influence of the \"pauses\" (complete absence of load during the test) upon accelerated fatigue tests has been published yet until this moment. These pauses are extremely common due to equipment maintenance, test sample inspections or operational routines. The target of this work is a metallic horn bracket, which is used in light passenger vehicles. Although this is a simple component, it has important functions to perform and is subjected to a wide range of loads types. As result, there was been verified that the presence of the \"pause\" during the simulated fatigue tests causes changes in their total useful life. And the magnitude of the pause has your role too. Moreover, the pause do not properly fits into the current classifications for the perturbations on the fatigue specter that are today available on the literature. For theses reason, this work tries to resume and unify the terminology of the abrupt load variations during time (overloads and underloads) because there is some lack of consensus between the actual terminology and their concepts.

A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma alteração da postura e do movimento, permanente, mas não imutável, resultante de um distúrbio no cérebro, não progressivo, devido a fatores hereditários, eventos ocorridos durante a gravidez, parto, período neonatal ou durante os primeiros dois anos de vida, causando limitações nas atividades motoras, freqüentemente acompanhadas de distúrbios de sensação, cognição, comunicação, percepção e comportamento. O nascimento de uma criança com esta condição causa um profundo impacto na família, que se depara com uma situação nova e frequentemente inesperada, fazendo sobressair a figura do cuidador, que em geral, é representado por um familiar, que assume um papel fundamental na melhora da qualidade de vida da criança. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever a sobrecarga que a criança com PC provoca na família e verificar se existe alguma relação entre a sobrecarga, o grau de dependência da criança e o nível socioeconômico da família. Fizeram parte do estudo 150 familiares de crianças com PC que fazem seguimento no Ambulatório de Neurologia Infantil do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP. Os dados foram obtidos, antes ou após a consulta médica, utilizando-se um formulário de entrevista contendo informações a cerca da criança, dados sócio-demográficos da família, informações sobre a sobrecarga que a criança acarreta na família, através da Burden Interview Scale, traduzida e validada para o português da versão original inglesa, e por questões abertas relacionadas ao tratamento fisioterapêutico. Os resultados permitiram observar que a maioria das crianças encontrava-se na faixa etária de um a dez anos, com PC do tipo tetraplegia/paresia espástica, geralmente dependentes de cuidados de higiene, alimentação e deambulação. A análise dos dados dos familiares demonstrou a figura da mãe como o familiar cuidador principal, de classe social menos favorecida, com gestação de nove meses, sendo a cesária o tipo mais comum de parto. Foi observado que a sobrecarga referida pelos familiares cuidadores foi de intensidade baixa a moderada, ainda que tenham sido verbalizadas diferentes preocupações referentes à dependência e futuro da criança, bem como a baixa condição financeira e o sentido que deveria estar fazendo mais pela criança. As respostas obtidas das questões abertas evidenciaram o enfrentamento de diversas dificuldades em relação ao comportamento das crianças, periodicidade das sessões de fisioterapia e as enfrentadas na realização dos exercícios propostos pelos profissionais, em domicílio. O estudo possibilitou não apenas caracterizar e compreender os obstáculos atribuídos pelos familiares das crianças em relação à sobrecarga e aos aspectos relacionados ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, mas encerrou em si a visão e a discussão acerca da figura do cuidador familiar que assume a responsabilidade pelo cuidado e que merece o reconhecimento do seu papel, tanto na esfera familiar, como na social, através da implementação de políticas públicas que possam amenizar as dificuldades e problemas advindos desta função. / Cerebral Palsy (CP) is an alteration to ones posture and movement. It is permanent, but not unchangeable, and results from an unprogressive brain disorder, which can be genetic or due to events occurred during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, or during the first two years of life. This condition causes impairment to ones motor activities, usually accompanied by disorders to the persons sensations, cognition, communication, perception, and behavior. When a child is born with these conditions, the family is deeply affected, since they have to face a new, and often unexpected, situation. In addition, it puts emphasis on the caregiver, who, in general, is one of the family members that takes on a fundamental role in improving the childs quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the overload that a child with CP brings on his or her family, and verify if there is any relationship between the overload, the childs degree of dependence, and the familys socioeconomic level. Participants were 150 family members of children with CP following treatment at the University of São Paulo Child Neurology Outpatient Clinic at the Hospital das Clinicas of the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Data were collected before or after the consultation with the physician, using an interview form containing information about the child, the familys socioeconomic data, information about the overload that the child brings on the family, obtained with the Burden Interview Scale, translated and validated for the Portuguese language, and through open questions that address the physiotherapy treatment. The results showed that most children were between one and ten years old, their type of CP was quadriplegia/spastic diplegia, and were usually dependent on others for hygiene care, feeding, and walking. The data analysis for family members showed that the caregiver was usually the childs mother, and that most had a low socioeconomic level, with nine-month pregnancy, with cesarean as the most common type of delivery. The caregivers reported an overload of low to moderate intensity, though stating different concerns regarding the childs dependence and future, as well as the financial difficulties and the feeling that they could be doing more for their child. The answers to the open questions showed the family members had to deal with several difficulties regarding the childrens behavior, the frequency of the physiotherapy sessions, and the difficulty of performing the exercises proposed by the professionals at home. The study made it possible to describe and understand the challenges reported by the childrens family members regarding the overload and the physiotherapy treatment, and to understand and discuss the role of the family member who is the caregiver and deserves to be acknowledged by the family and the society as well, through the implementation of public policies that would reduce the difficulties and problems brought on by this role.

The Organizational Information Processing Theory (OIPT) was used as a tool to analyze the collected data. It was found that, when Information Processing Requirements (IPR) outweigh Information Processing Capacities (IPC), information overload can be the result. Organizational structure should be chosen to enable successful task execution, if that is the case information overload is unlikely to occur. Structural elements that were found to especially increase IPC and therefore reduce the likelihood of information overload are: clarity, transparency and adherence to definitions of job responsibilities or roles.

É muito importante para a indústria fornecer produtos competitivos e que exerçam corretamente as suas funções perante o cliente. Uma das ferramentas existentes para atingir estes objetivos é a realização de testes de fadiga e durabilidade cada vez mais refinados e em espaço mais curto de tempo. Uma das maneiras de se executar testes de fadiga mais precisos é utilizando parâmetros que sejam fiéis à solicitação que o produto sofre durante o seu uso. Com esse intuito surgiram os testes de fadiga sob amplitude variável. Juntamente com eles surgem as particularidades deste tipo de solicitação, que é de natureza complexa. Algumas particularidades são a dependência do resultado na história de carregamento (também chamada de \"interação de cargas\") e a variação abrupta do nível de carga durante o tempo de aplicação. Fenômenos estes chamados de sobrecarga ou subcarga (overload e underload), que aqui serão agrupados, muitas vezes de forma simplista, de perturbações no espectro de fadiga. A finalidade principal deste trabalho é descrever a influência das perturbações ocorridas nas solicitações nos testes de fadiga em regime de amplitude variável, mais precisamente em testes de bancada, em que se busca a reprodução de situações de trabalho reais de um componente. Apesar de esse assunto ser alvo de diversas investigações recentes, nenhum trabalho tem como foco a influência das paradas (completa remoção de carga) realizadas durante um teste de fadiga acelerado. Essas paradas são extremamente comuns na prática laboratorial, seja por manutenção do equipamento, inspeção da amostra ou necessidade de operação. O objeto alvo de estudo nesta pesquisa é um suporte metálico de buzina, utilizado em automóveis de passeio. Apesar de sua concepção simples, tal componente é responsável por exercer funções importantes e é sujeito a uma interessante gama de solicitações. Como resultado observou-se que a aplicação das paradas durante os testes de fadiga simulados no componente automotivo, provoca variações em sua vida útil total. E o tempo de parada também exerce influência nesta variação observada. Essas paradas não se encaixam perfeitamente nas classificações de perturbações no espectro registradas na literatura. Por esse motivo o trabalho se propõe ainda a sintetizar e uniformizar a terminologia para as variações abruptas de tensão aplicadas no tempo (as sobrecargas e as subcargas), tendo em vista que ocorre a falta de consenso entre os termos utilizados atualmente na literatura e seus respectivos conceitos. / It is very important to the industry to deliver competitive products that can properly perform their functions to the final customer. One existing tool for achieve this objective is the usage of abbreviated durability and fatigue tests. For more precise tests, the required parameters must be reliable when compared to the efforts that the component is submitted at the field during your real performance. In order to achieve these results, the fatigue tests under variable amplitude loading came to existence. Together came also in existence the singularities from this complex behavior. Some of these singularities are the dependence in loading history (also called \"load interaction effects\") and the abrupt load variation level during the test time. These phenomenons are called overloads or underloads. These particularities will be grouped in this work as \"perturbations\" on the fatigue spectrum. The main objective of this work is to describe the influence of these perturbations upon the fatigue tests under variable amplitude loading, more precisely on bench tests, where one seeks the concise reproduction of the real work situations for one component or system. Although this subject lately has caused more interest to the researchers, no work which focuses on the influence of the \"pauses\" (complete absence of load during the test) upon accelerated fatigue tests has been published yet until this moment. These pauses are extremely common due to equipment maintenance, test sample inspections or operational routines. The target of this work is a metallic horn bracket, which is used in light passenger vehicles. Although this is a simple component, it has important functions to perform and is subjected to a wide range of loads types. As result, there was been verified that the presence of the \"pause\" during the simulated fatigue tests causes changes in their total useful life. And the magnitude of the pause has your role too. Moreover, the pause do not properly fits into the current classifications for the perturbations on the fatigue specter that are today available on the literature. For theses reason, this work tries to resume and unify the terminology of the abrupt load variations during time (overloads and underloads) because there is some lack of consensus between the actual terminology and their concepts.