This work deals with public relations, its goals and instruments, and focuses on non-profit project Five P. The work presents a volunteer program in the Czech and foreign form. In the practical part is made a research through a questionnaire and are defined the methods of recruitment volunteers for the program and possible solutions to improve the effectiveness of recruitment activities.

The effects of phytohemagglutinin-P, (PHA-P), a mitogen known to selectively stimulate cells of hematogenous or lymphoid monocytic origin, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day administered for 15 days on proximal tibiae of growing male Sprague-Dawley rats, were studied. The general effect of PHA-P was to decrease the amount of cartilage, hard tissue, and longtitudinal growth in the proximal tibial metaphysis. A decrease in longitudinal bone growth, in the number of chondrocytes, in the thickness of cartilage plate, in the metaphyseal mass of hard tissue, in the percentage of calcified cartilage core, and in the number of osteoblasts per mm of bone surface was observed. Additionally, PHA-P increased the number of osteoclasts, the number of labeled osteoclastic nuclei, and the average number of nuclei per osteoclast. There was a significant decrease in the time to the first appearance of labeled osteoclastic nuclei as the dose of PHA-P increased. Thus, PHA-P treatment leads to the dominance of osteoclastic over chondroblastic and osteoblastic activity and results in a hard tissue deficit in a growing skeleton. The data indicate that PHA-P administration selectively increases osteoclast numbers by elevating osteoclastic progenitor cell proliferation and enhancing their fusion and differentiation to osteoclasts.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第18198号 / 人健博第15号 / 新制||人健||2(附属図書館) / 31056 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 齋藤 邦明, 教授 三谷 章, 教授 髙橋 良輔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

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No / P systems are the computational models introduced in the context of membrane computing, a computational paradigm within the more general area of unconventional computing. Kernel P (kP) systems are defined to unify the specification of different variants of P systems, motivated by challenging theoretical aspects and the need to model different problems. In this paper, we present kPWorkbench, a software framework developed to support kP systems. kPWorkbench integrates several simulation and verification tools and methods, and provides a software suit for the modelling and analysis of membrane systems.

La résistance en chimiothérapie est principalement associée au gène de résistance multiple aux médicaments (MDR) qui régule l'expression de la glycoprotéine-P (P-gp). Le rôle de cette protéine est d'expulser hors de la cellule des agents xénobiotiques. L'objectif principal de nos travaux était de développer des inhibiteurs de la P-gp afin de restaurer l'efficacité des traitements de chimiothérapie. Quinze nouveaux dérivés d'anthranilamides ont été préparés en modifiant la structure de l'espaceur entre N1 et N2 . L'activité inhibitrice de ces composés (EC5o(VLB)) variait de 59 à 1345 nM. Nos résultats montrent que : 1) une chaîne alkyle de 2 carbones entre N1 et N2 permet d'obtenir la meilleure activité inhibitrice, 2) un centre chiral R ou S influence peu l'activité inhibitrice; 3) la présence d'un cyclohexyle entre N1 et N2 n'augmente pas l'activité inhibitrice; 4) un groupement arylpipérazinyle entre N1 et N2 augmente de 200 % l'activité inhibitrice; et 5) un groupement méthoxyle sur la partie anthranilique augmente de 200 % l'activité inhibitrice. L'anthranilamide P24 est le composé le plus efficace et possède un EC5o(VLB) de 59±35 nM. Des études in vivo sur des souris porteuses de tumeurs surexprimant la P-gp montrent que P24 augmente l'espérance de vie de 32 % (p<0,01) lorsque comparé au groupe de souris non traitées et de 20 % (p<0,05) lorsque comparé au groupe de souris traitées avec la vincristine seulement. Des études sur l'inhibition des CYP450 avec les composés P03, PI7 et P24 révèle un profile d'inhibition différent de celui de l'anthranilamide XR9576 principalement au niveau du CYP3A4. Les études de modélisation moléculaire COMFA et COMSIA ont permis d'établir le modèle suivant comme essentiel à l'activité des dérivés d'anthranilamides: 1) un groupement accepteur d'hydrogène en position 3 d'un système biaromatique encombré à la région A de XR9576; 2) un groupement accepteur d'hydrogène ou un atome chargé négativement et un groupement aromatique chargé positivement à la région B de XR9576; 4) un groupement hydrophobe au niveau de l'espaceur; 5) deux groupements accepteurs d'hydrogène et un groupement encombré aromatique à la région D de XR9576; et 6 ) la présence des deux amides de la partie anthranilique.

This thesis aims to fill the gap in the literature by examining the relationship between technological trajectories and environmental policy in the automotive industry, focusing on the role of environmental policies in unlocking the industry from fossil fuel path-dependence. It first explores the inducement mechanism that underpins the interaction between environmental policy and green technological advances, investigating under what conditions the European environmental transport policy portfolio and the intrinsic characteristics of assignees' knowledge boost worldwide green patent production. Subsequently, the thesis empirically analyses the dynamics of technological knowledge involved in technological trajectories assessing evolution patterns such as variation, selection and retention, in order to study the impact of policy implementation on technological knowledge related to electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. Finally, the thesis sheds light on the drivers that encourage a shift from incumbent internal combustion engine technologies towards low-emission vehicle technologies. This analysis tests whether tax-inclusive fuel prices and technological proximity between technological fields induce a shift from non-environmental inventions to environmentally friendly inventive activities and if they impact the competition between alternative vehicle technologies. The findings provide insights into the effectiveness of environmental policy in triggering inventive activities related to the development of alternative vehicle technologies. In addition, there is evidence that environmental policy redirects technological efforts towards a sustainable path and impacts the competition between low-emission vehicles.

This dissertation consists of three papers. The first paper "Ethnicity, Migration and Conflict: Evidence from Contemporary South Africa” exploits some of the institutional changes intervened in South Africa during the end of apartheid to investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and conflict. I find within-ethnic polarization to be significantly related to the intensity of armed confrontations among black-dominated groups. My investigation thus gives strong and robust empirical support to the theoretical arguments which identify ethnic diversity as one of the determinants of civil conflict. The second chapter, "Pre-Colonial Centralization, Colonial Activities and Development in Latin America", investigates the hypothesis that pre-colonial ethnic institutions shaped contemporary regional development in Latin America. I document a strong and positive relationship between pre-colonial centralization and regional development. Results are in line with the view that highly centralized pre-colonial societies acted as a persistent force of agglomeration of economic activities and a strong predictor of colonial state capacity. The results provide a first evidence of the existence of a link between pre-colonial centralization, colonial institutional arrangements and contemporary economic development. The third paper "Bite and Divide: Malaria and Ethnic Diversity” investigates the role of malaria as a fundamental determinant of modern ethnic diversity. This paper explores the hypothesis, that a large exposure to malaria has fostered differential interactions that reduced contacts between groups and increased interactions within them Results document that malaria increases the number of ethnic groups at all levels of spatial disaggregation and time periods (exploiting historical and current ethnic diversity). Regressions' results show that endogamous marriages are more frequent in areas with higher geographic suitability to malaria. The results are in line with the view that malaria increases intra-ethnic interactions while decreasing inter-ethnic ones.