This thesis presents the modeling and fabrication of a new solid-state device meant to be used for digital logic circuits. Most current logic circuits are based on MOSFETs. The new logic device uses some of the same operating principles, but also relies on optical illumination to provide input power. In order to obtain the desired current-voltage behavior of the new device, the Silvaco (Atlas) device simulation was used to give some insight into the correct doping levels in the semiconductor and device geometries. Prototypes were fabricated on p-type silicon wafers using CMOS fabrication processes including oxide growth, photolithography, precise plasma or chemical wet etching, diffusion processes, and thin film evaporation. Electrical measurements were done by using an HP4156 parameter analyzer to measure several output voltage signals at one time while an illuminating the device with laser light. The current-voltage characteristics under different biasing conditions with an optical illumination condition were measured and showed characteristics similar to an nMOS transistor.

Submitted by Gustavo Rukuiza Czekay (gczekay@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-21T02:15:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 1 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 7444951 bytes, checksum: e064219755d759b9afd11f533cf55bc4 (MD5) Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 2 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 2805115 bytes, checksum: 8572292ef3e33fe4555d9beee1c93cd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2012-08-23T15:00:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 1 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 7444951 bytes, checksum: e064219755d759b9afd11f533cf55bc4 (MD5) Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 2 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 2805115 bytes, checksum: 8572292ef3e33fe4555d9beee1c93cd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-08-24T17:50:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 1 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 7444951 bytes, checksum: e064219755d759b9afd11f533cf55bc4 (MD5) Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 2 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 2805115 bytes, checksum: 8572292ef3e33fe4555d9beee1c93cd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-24T17:51:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 1 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 7444951 bytes, checksum: e064219755d759b9afd11f533cf55bc4 (MD5) Dissertacao Mestrado - volume 2 - Gustavo Czekay.pdf: 2805115 bytes, checksum: 8572292ef3e33fe4555d9beee1c93cd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-25 / Projetos são precursores de novos produtos, serviços e processos organizacionais. Sendo assim, a gestão de projetos aparece como uma grande oportunidade para organizações nos diversos ramos de atividade. O aumento da complexidade do mundo dos negócios e a crescente competitividade fazem com que as empresas tenham que responder cada vez mais rápida e eficientemente aos estímulos externos. Neste contexto, as falhas na execução dos projetos muitas vezes têm resultados desastrosos. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os fatores críticos de sucesso para a operação de Escritórios de Gerenciamento de Projetos (Project Management Office – PMO) nas organizações. O PMO permite às empresas usufruir dos benefícios da integração de processos, assim como informar a alta administração sobre o andamento do seu portfólio de projetos, buscando competitividade no mercado com o sucesso de seus projetos. A pesquisa qualitativa (espontânea) teve participação de especialistas brasileiros e estrangeiros, reconhecidos pelo PMI como pessoas destacadas (consultores especializados) em gerenciamento de projetos. Na pesquisa Delphi, quarenta e três especialistas de vários países foram submetidos a um questionário de vinte e cinco perguntas minuciosamente preparadas, a fim de extrair o máximo possível de informações consideradas críticas nas atividades atuais e tendências de PMOs nas empresas. A pesquisa Delphi foi realizada em duas rodadas e concluída com recomendações efetivas, validadas internacionalmente. Como resultado do trabalho, foi desenvolvido um estudo que poderá ser utilizado como referência para a operação de Escritórios de Gerenciamento de Projetos (PMO) nas empresas sem distinção de segmento. / Projects are precursors of new products, services and organizational processes. Therefore, the project management appears as a great opportunity for organizations in different industries. The increasing complexity of business and increased competition mean that companies have to answer even more quickly and efficiently to external stimuli. In this context, the flaws at project implementation often have bad results. This dissertation aims to identify and analyze the critical success factors for the operation of Project Management Office (PMO) organizations. The PMO allows businesses to enjoy the benefits not only at the integration process but also to inform senior management about the progress of your project portfolio, seeking competitiveness in the market with the success of their projects. Qualitative research (spontaneous) had Brazilian and foreign specialists, recognized by PMI as prominent people (consultants) in project management. In the Delphi survey, forty-three experts from several countries were submitted to a questionnaire of twenty-five questions thoroughly prepared in order to extract the maximum information considered critical for current activities and trends from PMOs at their companies. The Delphi survey was conducted in two rounds and concluded with effective recommendations, internationally validated. As a result of the work, it had developed a study that could be used as a reference for operation of the Project Management Office (PMO) at companies regardless of segment.

This thesis presents the design of a mixed-signal CMOS multiplier implemented with short-channel PMOS transistors. The multiplier presented here forms the product of a differential input voltage and a five-bit digital code. A TSMC 0.18 µm MOSFET model is used to simulate the circuit in Cadence Design Systems. The research presented in this thesis reveals a configuration that allows the multiplier to run at a speed of 8.2 GHz with end-point nonlinearity less than 5%. The high speed and low nonlinearity make this circuit ideal for applications such as filtering and digital to analog conversion.

Process variability is a major challenge for the design of nano scale MOSFETs due to fundamental physical limits as well as process control limitations. As the size of the devices is scales down to improve performance, the circuit becomes more sensitive to the process variations. Thus, it is necessary to have a device model that can predict the variations of device characteristics. Statistical modeling method is a potential solution for this problem. The novelty of the work is that we connect BSIM parameters directly to the underlying process parameters. This is very useful for fabs to optimize and control the specific processes to achieve certain circuit metric. This methodology and framework is extendable to any future technologies, because we used a device independent, but process depended frame work In the first part of this thesis, presents the design of nominal MOS devices with 28 nm physical gate length. The device is optimized to meet the specification of low standby power technology specification of International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors ITRS(2012). Design of experiments are conducted and the following parameters gate length, oxide thickness, halo concentration, anneal temperature and title angle of halo doping are identified as the critical process parameters. The device performance factors saturation current, sub threshold current, output impendence and transconductance are examined under process variabilty. In the subsequent sections of the thesis, BSIM parameter extraction of MOS devices using the software ICCAP is presented. The variability of the spice parameters due to process variation is extracted. Using the extracted data a new BSIM interpolated model for a variability aware circuit design is proposed assume a single process parameter is varying. The model validation is done and error in ICCAP extraction method for process variability is less than 10% for all process variation condition in 3σ range. In the next section, proposes LUT model and interpolated method for a variability aware circuit design for single parameter variation. The error in LUT method for process variability reports less than 3% for all process variation condition in 3σ range. The error in perdition of drain current and intrinsic gain for LUT model files are very close to the result of device simulation. The focus of the work was to established effective method to interlink process and SPICE parameters under variability. This required generating a large number of BSIM parameter ducks. Since there could be some inaccuracy in large set of BSIM parameters, we used LUT as a golden standard. We used LUT modeling as a benchmark for validation of our BSIM3 model In the final section of thesis, impact of multi parameter variation of the processes in device performance is modelled using RSM method; the model is verified using ANOVA method. Models are found to be sufficient and stable. The reported error is less than 1% in all cases. Monte Carlo simulation confirms stability and repeatability of the model. The model for random variabilty of process parameters are formulated using BSIM and compared with the LUT model. The model was tested using a benchmark circuit. The maximum error in Monte Carlo simulation is found to be less than 3% for output current and less than 8% for output impedance.