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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka två olika designmönster gällande för utveckling av webbsidor och att utreda vilket av de två olika designmönstren som användare föredrar att navigera på och varför, även att ta reda på om användare föredrar att navigera webbsidor med surfplatta eller med PC. De två designmönster vilka granskas är infinite scroll och multi-page.Uppsatsen är baserad på artiklar och teorier. / The purpose of this paper is to investigate the two different designs paradigms regarding web development and to investigate which one of these two technologies that is the most preferable to use and navigate from an user perspective and why this technology is the most preferable. The two design patterns that are being examined are, infinite scroll and multi-page development of websites.

In the past decade, a fundamental research topic in the information systems (IS) discipline has been to examine the value of online platforms on businesses, society, and consumers, notably in the form of improved efficiency in information sharing, consumer engagement, and increased sales. However, the risks rooted in online platforms may cannibalize the value created, which have received limited attention in the literature and practice. In my dissertation, I attempt to fill this gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the risks of online platforms from the angle of these three main entities in the ecosystem with three separate yet related essays. The first essay focuses on the risks for businesses that leverage social media platforms, and assesses how their posting on social media fan pages affects consumers’ decision to purchase and unfollow from the firms. The second essay focuses on the risks of fake news on social media and how social media platforms may use identity verification to reduce online anonymity and combat this increasingly critical social problem. The third essay focuses on estimating the risks of using monetary incentives to motivate consumers to write online product reviews, and examines how such strategy may affect product sales. Our studies have theoretical and practical implications for designing effective online platform information systems. / Business Administration/Management Information Systems

Copper in drinking water elicits a persisting bitter, metallic, or astringent taste. Characteristics and perception mechanisms of copper sensation have not been fully understood. Saliva is assumed to influence copper sensations via binding of salivary electrolytes or proteins with copper. The interaction between salivary components and copper is thought to influence sensory perception by affecting volatility of aroma compounds, de-lubricating salivary proteins, and by controlling solubility of copper. A recent study suggested that intensity of copper taste may be dependent on the amount of solubilized copper, which increases at lower pH. This research was performed to identify 1) the temporal sensory characteristics of copper; 2) the effect of pH on perception of copper sensation; 3) the nature of copper-protein interaction and its impact on sensory perception. The effect of copper on the volatility of aroma compounds and the role of copper-protein interaction in volatile chemistry were investigated using a model mouth system containing artificial saliva at different pH levels. Headspace concentration of each volatile was measured using SPME-GC analysis. Copper (2.5 mg/L) in the model system increased headspace concentration of volatiles (hexanal, butyl acetate, 2-heptanone, and ethyl hexanoate, 0.5 microL/L each) at pH 6.5, but no change in volatility was observed at pH 7.0. At pH 7.5, presence of copper in the artificial saliva decreased headspace volatile concentration. Effect of copper on volatiles at pH 6.5 may be due to increased solubility of copper at lower pH. Copper seems to facilitate hydrophobic binding between mucin and aroma compounds at pH 7.5, possibly by exposing hydrophobic sites of mucin. A time-intensity (TI) test was performed to identify the effect of pH on temporal characteristics of copper sensation. Metallic taste, bitterness, and astringency were major attributes of drinking water containing 2.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L Cu. All three attributes were responsible for the lingering aftertaste of copper. TI test results of copper solutions did not show a common TI pattern of astringency that is characterized with slow onset and longer duration time. Increase in pH of water from 5.5 to 7.5 inhibited metallic taste of copper, but did not reduce bitterness and astringency. The level of soluble copper at pH 7.5 decreased by 50 % compared to that at pH 5.5. Soluble copper concentration and temporal profile of sensory attributes of copper solutions at different pH levels suggest that soluble copper species decide the perception of copper sensation by controlling metallic taste. The nature of copper-protein interaction and its implication on mechanisms of sensory perception were studied by investigating binding of copper to high molecular weight fractions of human saliva. At the copper concentration < 10 mg/L, most copper exists as unbound copper form while about 60 % of copper was found in protein fractions or with precipitated salivary debris. This result suggests that copper is in a soluble unbound form in saliva at low concentration (<10 mg/L) and assumed to be available for taste receptors. At higher concentration, copper either becomes insoluble or binds with proteins. Insoluble copper species are thought to cause astringency. When copper was added at the concentration equal to or greater than 10 mg/L, two salivary proteins of molecular weight 29 kDa and 33 kDa formed insoluble complexes with copper. Low molecular weight mucin (MG2), alpha-amylase, basic proline-rich proteins (PRPs), and a protein of MW 45 kDa also bound with copper. In summary, sensations elicited or influenced by copper are thought to be determined by what copper species are dominant in the mouth. Soluble copper species and insoluble copper species are assumed to interact with different sensory receptors, resulting in metallic taste or astringency. This speciation process is influenced by pH conditions, composition of other electrolytes, and organic chelators such as proteins. / Ph. D.

The usage of e-commerce web applications is an ever-growing business model that has taken over some companies' main revenue source. When building these applications, the decision on which architectural option to choose for the application is made, such as multi-page or single-page, but there is also the option on what tools the developer will utilize. Some of these tools are React and Angular frameworks, which provide a unique experience when developing applications. React provides a structure that uses the FLUX pattern, and Angular provides an MVC pattern. Two artifacts have been created to compare these frameworks, run with the program XAMPP to have a database connection. By running a script that navigates the applications, an analysis of which frameworks are more fitting for a multi-paging and e-commerce environment could be decided, followed by an ethical discussion and potential future work.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第25366号 / 人博第1108号 / 新制||人||259(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 日置 尋久, 教授 立木 秀樹, 准教授 櫻川 貴司, 准教授 深沢 圭一郎, 教授 小山田 耕二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Dans les cellules eucaryotes, les cassures double-brin sont réparée selon deux voies principales : la recombinaison homologue et la jonction des extrémités non homologues, toutes deux bien connues dans la littérature. Cependant quelques zones d'ombres persistent quant à deux aspects singuliers de leur mise en œuvre :- Si ces deux mécanismes peuvent opérer dans les cellules, quels sont les déterminismes qui président au choix d'une voie de réparation plutôt que de l'autre ?- Dans le cas où les cassures double-brin sont induites dans l'ADN par des rayonnements ionisants – comme ceux employés en radiothérapie anticancéreuse – coment s'opère la réparation lorsque les extrémités générées ne sont pas compatibles avec une ligation immédiate ? Connaître les protéines impliquées dans ce cas permettrait d'élaborer des adjuvants à la thérapie anticancéreuse.Afin de contribuer à répondre à ces questionnements, nous avons voulu élaborer un système analytique intégré qui permît 1) le recrutement spécifique de complexes de réparation des cassures double-brin de l'ADN sur des phases chromatographiques constituées au laboration, 2) la résolution de ces complexes sur gel d'acrylamide non-dénaturants et leur visualisation et 3) la caractérisation biochimique fine des complexes séparés. La méthodologie élaborée au cours de cette thèse a concerné chacun des trois points ci-dessous : 1) nous avons conçu et mis en œuvre un système chromatographique nous permettant de distinguer les protéines recrutées spécifiquement sur des oligonucléotides duplexes d'ADN dotés d'extrémités libres de l'ADN (mimant des cassures double-brin) des autres protéines se fixant sur la séquence interne des oligonucléotides ; 2) nous avons adapté à notre problématique une méthodologie d'électrophorèse non-dénaturante permettant la résolution des complexes purifiés tout en garantissant leur intégrité au cours de la migration ; 3) grâce à la visualisation directe des complexes résolus dans le gel, nous avons pu déterminer leur composition en protéines par spectrométrie de masse.L'étude biochimique des complexes purifiés a démontré que les complexes purifiés étaient fonctionnels, c'est à dire capable de liguer deux oligonucléotides entre eux. La fouille des données de spectrométrie de masse, obtenues à partir d'un grand nombre d'expériences indépendantes, nous a permis de montrer qu'ils étaient de la physiologie de l'ADN et particulièrement représentatifs de la diversité des mécanismes de réparation.De manière intéressante, nous avons pu observer que certaines protéines recrutées spécifiquement sur les mimes de cassures double-brin de l'ADN, ne sont pourtant pas connues pour intervenir dans les processus de réponse aux dommages de l'ADN (synthèse de nucléotides, checkpoint, topologie de l'ADN, cytosquelette).Le rôle des protéines évoquées ci-dessus sera prochainement caractérisé in cellulo notamment avec des stratégies de type RNAi. D'autre part, nous utiliserons les développements méthodologiques décrits ci-dessus pour étudier les mécanismes de réparation des cassures double-brin radio-induites, tels qu'ils sont mis en jeu dans les cellules tumorales en constituants de nouvelles phases chromatographiques avec des oligonucléotides irradiés. / In eucaryotic cells, DNA double-strand breaks are repaired through two main pathways : the homologous recombination and the non homologous end joining . Altough these pathways are well characterized, two particular aspects of the repair remain poorly understood :- If two separated pathways may occur in the cells, which mechanism(s) govern the choice of the pathway that will ultimately lead to the repair ?- If the double-strand break is induced by ionizing radiations – as those employed in anti-cancerous radiotherapy – how does the repair occur if the DNA ends at the edge of the break are not compatible with a direct ligation ? A proper knowledge of the proteins involved in this repair would allow the development of additives, useful to increase the efficiency of the radiotherapy.To investigate these questions, we designed a new analytical system allowing : 1) the specific recruitment of DNA double-strand break repair complexes on home-made chromatographic phases, 2) the separation of these complexes in a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel and their subsequent visualization and 3) their biochemical characterization.The methodology developped in this work has been focused on the following points : 1) we designed and implemented a chromatographic system allowing the distinction between proteins recruited onto duplex DNA oligonucleotide with free DNA ends (mimicking DNA double-strand breaks) and proteins fixed onto the internal sequence of the same oligonucleotides ; 2) we adapted to our problematic a methodology of non-denaturing electrophoresis thus allowing the separation of the purified complexes while guaranteeing their integrity during the migration, 3) we also determined their composition by mass spectrometry after their visualization.The biochemical study has shown that the purified complexes were still functionnal, that is they were able to efficiently ligate two oligonucleotides. The study of the data provided by the mass spectrometry analysis of independant experiences proved that the complexes belonged to the DNA physiology and were especially representative of the diversity of the DNA repair pathways.Interestingly, we observed that some of the protein specifically recruited onto the the double-strand breaks were not known to be involved in the DNA repair (nucleotide synthesis, checkpoint, DNA topology, cytoskeleton).The rôle of these proteins should be characterized in cellulo especially with siRNA. On the other hand we will also use the methodological development described above to study the repair mechanisms of radio-induced DNA double-strand breaks occuring in the irradiated tumorous cells. To achieve this study we will elaborate new chromatographic phases with pre-irradiated oligonucleotides.