Il dolore post-operatorio rappresenta un importante problema sanitario dal punto di vista dei pazienti, degli operatori sanitari e della società nel suo complesso, dati i costi sanitari che provoca. La presente tesi ha l’obbiettivo di identificare i fattori psicologici e psicosociali che ne influenzano lo sviluppo. Nel primo capitolo viene affrontata la complessità del dolore postoperatorio tramite un’esposizione delle prospettive teoriche sul tema. A partire dalla definizione di questo fenomeno, sono stati presi in rassegna i diversi potenziali predittori e sono state descritte le modalità attraverso le quali questi predittori influenzano l’esperienza del paziente. È stata data attenzione particolare al substrato fisiologico che collega i fattori psicologici e psicosociali alla percezione del dolore. Il secondo capitolo presenta una revisione sistematica della letteratura con meta-analisi sui fattori di rischio psicologici e psicosociali associati al dolore cronico postoperatorio. Sono state descritte le scelte metodologiche adottate, come l’impostazione di una ricerca il più possibile comprensiva e l’utilizzo di metodi di imputazione multipla per ridurre l’effetto dei dati. Dopo una selezione tra 6329 studi, sono stati utilizzati 63 articoli per costruire una sintesi narrativa delle ricerche sul tema. I risultati di 34 tra questi studi sono stati successivamente utilizzati per effettuare una meta-analisi. La sintesi narrativa ha permesso di evidenziare ottimismo, salute mentale e paure chirurgiche sono associate al dolore cronico post-chirurgico, mentre l’effetto di ansia, depressione e catastrofismo è maggiormente incerto. I risultati della meta-analisi, al contrario, evidenziano in modo chiaro che depressione, ansia, catastrofismo, paura del movimento, auto-efficacia e ottimismo sono predittori significativi del dolore cronico post-operatorio. Il terzo capitolo presenta i risultati di uno studio longitudinale prospettico volto a studare l’effetto di depressione, ansia, catastrofismo, auto-efficacia, funzioni esecutive e sensibilizzazione centrale sulle traiettorie del dolore post-operatorio acuto. Sono stati arruolati 145 pazienti in attesa di operazioni di protesi d’anca o di ginocchio presso l’ospedale Humanitas Pio X. Prima dell’operazione, i pazienti hanno completato un questionario volto ad indagare i predittori prima elencati. Durante i sette giorni successivi all’operazione, i pazienti hanno compilato un diario che permetteva di misurare l’intensità del dolore e il catastrofismo post-operatorio di stato. Infine, sono stati raccolti i dati su intensità e interferenza del dolore dopo un mese e tre mesi dall’operazione. Sono stati utilizzati modelli di curve di crescita per studiare l’impatto dei predittori sulle traiettorie del dolore e modelli di regressione multipla per individuare i predittori del dolore al follow-up. I risultati hanno permesso di evidenziare che, controllando per sesso, tipo di procedura chirurgica e intensità del dolore pre-operatorio, la sensibilizzazione centrale è associata all’intercetta delle traiettorie del dolore, la flessibilità cognitiva è associata alla loro pendenza, e che il catastrofismo di stato è una covariata del dolore post-operatorio. Al follow-up, l’intensità e l’interferenza del dolore sono risultate essere associate a sensibilizzazione centrale, distress emotivo e funzioni esecutive misurate durante il periodo pre-operatorio. Infine, vengono discusse le implicazioni cliniche e di ricerca di questi risultati. / Post-surgical pain is a major health issue from the perspective of patients, health professionals and the society as a whole. This thesis has the aim to identify psychological and psychosocial variables associated with chronic post-surgical pain, and to understand how these factors influence pain trajectories over time. In the first chapter, complexity of post-surgical pain is explored. Starting from the definition of this phenomenon, conceptualization by the biopsychosocial model is presented. To understand how predictors at different levels might influence the patient’s pain experience, pathophysiology of post-surgical pain is scrutinized, with a particular focus on the physiological substrate that can explain how psychological and psychosocial predictors can influence pain perception and modulation. Physiological, psychological and social risk factors for post-surgical pain are then presented. For each, potential mechanisms explaining association with this phenomenon are reviewed and discussed. The second chapter presents a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis on psychological and psychosocial risk factors of chronic post-surgical pain. Methodological adjustments were adopted to ensure that the synthesis of research results was based on a comprehensive sets of studies, and to take into account the effect of non-significant estimates in case they were not reported by original studies. After a selection from 6329 records, 63 articles were included in a narrative synthesis and 34 studies were employed to perform a meta-analysis. The narrative synthesis of the literature showed that evidence about the effect of psychological predictors is heterogeneous, with few predictors, such as optimism, mental health and surgical fear, consistently associated with chronic post-surgical pain. In contrast, the meta-analysis showed that depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and, to a lesser extent, kinesiophobia, optimism and self-efficacy, have a weak but significant association with chronic post-surgical pain. Results are discussed in the context of the available literature. The third chapter presents the results of a longitudinal prospective study aimed at describing individual trajectories of pain intensity in patients who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty. The focus of this study was the analysis of pain as a process and in its relationship with central sensitization processes, executive functions and trait and state psychological variables. This study was performed with 145 patients listed for surgery at the hospital Humanitas Pio X, which were asked to complete a pre-surgical assessment, to fill a pain diary during the first seven days after surgery and to provide data about their pain after one and three months from surgery. Statistical analyses were performed employing a multilevel growth curve analysis for acute pain trajectories and multiple regressions for follow-up data. Multiple imputation procedures were employed to account for missing information. Results showed that, after controlling for sex, surgical procedure and pain intensity, central sensitization was a predictor of the intercept of pain trajectories, scores on the Trail Making Test Part B were associated with their slope, and that daily post-surgical catastrophizing was a significant covariate of pain intensity. Analyses of follow-up data confirmed the predictive role of central sensitization and showed that emotional distress, along with executive functions, is related with pain intensity and interference. Finally, research and clinical implications of the findings of these studies are discussed.

Background: Chronic pain, defined as non-malignant pain emanating from the musculoskeletal system, may limit everyday activities, social functioning and the quality of social and working life for individuals, creating disability as well as incurring high economic and public costs for society. Controlled studies show that cognitive-behavioural interdisciplinary rehabilitation has a positive effect on functioning in patients who have been disabled by chronic non-malignant pain conditions. Positive outcomes described include lower pain intensity, less preoccupation with pain, greater independence and lower consumption of healthcare. On the other hand, the return to work rate varies. To facilitate comparisons on the national level and to enable audit spirals for single programmes as part of the ongoing quality assurance in healthcare the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP) has aggregated data since 1998 on all patients referred to the majority of Swedish rehabilitation units. The aim of this dissertation was to improve the knowledge base of pain rehabilitation in Sweden using the validated self-reported instruments of pain and its consequences included in the SQRP. Methods: The SQRP data were collected before, at the end and 1 year after the intervention for all individuals included, and concerns self-reported demographic variables, pain intensity, activities, thought patterns, impact of pain on daily life and life satisfaction. Individual sick leave data were collected from the Swedish Social Insurance after 1 year. Data collected from 19833 patients (6002 men and 13831 women) of which 7289 participate in work ability improving programmes, were used. Results: The results of four studies included in this thesis showed that the SQRP provided a basis for scientific works since it use the validated self-report instruments of pain and its consequences and contain a large amount of patient’s data. However, a lack of follow-up data from some units influenced the opportunity of to analyse long-term outcomes. Nevertheless, the SQRP was a useful tool to audit and evaluate as well as to propose optimising of pain rehabilitation. It seemed that contextual factors such as patients’ own beliefs and expectations, education, gender, actual sick leave and employment situation had more importance for the effect of rehabilitation programme than pain characteristics, depression or activity limitation. The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) scale scores and MPI coping profiles might be used for assessing the outcomes of treatment interventions. A reduction of MPI scale scores for Pain severity and Interference decreased the risk of being on full-time sick leave. On the other hand, the MPI coping profiles Dysfunctional, among both men and women, and Interpersonally distressed, among women, were associated with higher odds of being on full-time sick leave. Conclusions: Attending cognitive-behavioural interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programmes in Sweden resulted in improvements of the MPI scales after completing a pain rehabilitation programme and this improvement was sustained after 1 year. Moreover, these programmes decreased the levels of full-time sick leave 1 year after completed programme. The findings suggest also the need to tailor rehabilitative strategies differently for men and women as well as for different pain coping profiles.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

No description available.

Nos travaux de thèse se situent à l’interface entre la recherche fondamentale en neuroscience et ses applications cliniques dans le domaine de la chirurgie réparatrice des membres. Nous nous sommes intéressés au Syndrome Douloureux Régional Complexe de type I caractérisé par l’occurrence d’un état douloureux chronique et d’une perte sévère de mobilité segmentaire. Cette affection, dont l’incidence clinique est élevée, reste à ce jour largement incomprise dans ses mécanismes physiopathologiques et les moyens de traitement disponibles sont d’une efficacité limitée. Dans ce cadre, nous avons d’abord développé une méthodologie de traitement non médicamenteux des deux principaux symptômes de l’algodystrophie que sont la douleur chronique et la mobilité articulaire et validé leur efficacité thérapeutique sur une population de patients.La méthode s’appuie sur les propriétés physiologiques des vibrations mécaniques transcutanées et des vibrations tendineuses qui sont de puissants activateurs des mécanorécepteurs cutanés et proprioceptifs musculaires. L’activation isolée ou conjointe de ces deux canaux sensoriels permet tout à la fois de générer une antalgie puissante et durable et d’améliorer de façon significative la mobilité articulaire. Nous avons ensuite recherché les mécanismes responsables de ces effets. L’utilisation d’un modèle de douleur expérimentale nous a alors permis de montrer que la réduction importante et durable de la douleur générée par les vibrations a une origine à la fois tactile et proprioceptive musculaire, et que ses mécanismes d’action affectent à la fois la transmission médullaire des informations nociceptives et leur traitement central. D’un point de vue théorique nos résultats suggèrent que les afférences proprioceptives cutanées et musculaires contribuent au contrôle des phénomènes douloureux et que les flux afférents proprio-tactile contribuent à la préservation des propriétés fonctionnelles des réseaux centraux responsables de la représentation et de la commande du mouvement. / This thesis tends to deal with both the aspects of neuroscience fundamental research and its possible clinical applications in limbs’ reconstructive surgery. We focused our attention on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I characterized by a chronic pain syndrome associated with a severe loss of segmental mobility. This particular disorder, with a high incidence has been to this day ratherly impenetrable regarding its physiological mechanisms, furthermore available treatments have a limited efficiency.For the matter, we first developed a non-drug therapeutic approach targeting toward algodystrophy two mains symptoms, which are chronic pain and articular mobility loss and monitored its efficiency on a patients’ population.The method is based on the physiological properties of both the tendons vibrations and trancutaneous mechanical vibrations, which are powerful activators of skin’s mechanoreceptors and muscular proprioceptive mechanoreceptors. Isolated or concomitant activation of both those sensorial chanels enables a powerful and lasting analgesic effect along with a significant improvement of the articular mobility.Afterwards, we searched for possible mechanisms behind those outcomes. Using an experimental pain model we were able to show that the significant and lasting reduction of pain endured due to the vibrations comes from afferent messages of tactile and muscular proprioceptive origin, acting both on medullar transmission of the nociceptive inputs and their central processing.From a theoretical perspective, our results suggest that cutaneous and muscular proprioceptive afferences are part of the control process of pain phenomenon and, that afferent proprio-tactile flux contribute to maintaining functional properties of central networks in charge of movement representation and command.

Bakgrund: Långvarig smärta är ett stort hälsoproblem hos barn och ungdomar. Rehabiliteringen av barn med smärta måste ta hänsyn till andra, ofta mer komplexa faktorer, än motsvarande rehabilitering av vuxna personer. Smärtuttrycket och konsekvenserna av långvarig smärta hos barn är mångfacetterat och har stor inverkan på både individ och samhälle. I avsikt att på sikt möjliggöra en ännu mer effektiv rehabilitering är det därför betydelsefullt att sammanställa fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av mötet med och rehabiliteringen av barn med långvarig smärta.  Syfte: Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka fysioterapeuters erfarenheter av arbete med barn med långvarig smärta.   Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Totalt utfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer baserade på en intervjuguide. Intervjuerna utfördes med verksamma fysioterapeuter som arbetar med barn med långvarig smärta och data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Analysen av informanternas erfarenheter av arbete med barn med långvarig smärta resulterade i fem kategorier: Teamet är kärnan, Den viktiga förtroenderelationen, Motverka utanförskap, Möta smärta och Vägleda framåt.  Slutsats: Att motverka utanförskap, möta smärta hos barnet och vägleda framåt beskrivs av fysioterapeuterna i denna studie som avgörande i rehabiliteringen av barn med långvarig smärta. För att möjliggöra detta förutsätts ett bemötande som främjar en förtroenderelation och stödet av ett välfungerande interdisciplinärt team. Resultatet från denna studie kan bidra till att uppmärksamma arbetets framgångsfaktorer och svårigheter för att på sikt ge förutsättningar till en optimerad och mer effektiv vård av barn med långvarig smärta.

Health questionnaires are widely used. A low response rate can lead to biased results and affect the validity of the study. This thesis investigates what can be done to increase the response rate and expedite the return of health questionnaires. The main aim of the study is to provide suggestions on how to improve the response rate to the National Pain Registry’s questionnaire at Danderyd Specialized Pain Rehab Clinic, although the result is significant in other contexts where questionnaires are used and a high response rate desired. Material has been collected through literature search, observations, interviews with patients at Danderyd Specialized Pain Rehab Clinic and interviews with clinics that have a high response rate according to the National Pain Registry’s reports. Several factors affecting response rate was found in the literature studies and interviews. Providing a digitalized alternative, clearly explaining the aim of the study and why completing the questionnaire is important and making the participants feel like stakeholders in the study are examples of areas where improvements can be made. According to the patient interviews about the National Pain Registries first and second questionnaire some problems to fill in the questionnaires were due to difficulties in estimating the pain because of shifting pain intensity, unclear phrasing of the questions or answer and a feeling of lack of someone to ask. Reasons for not returning the one-year follow-up questionnaire were that the questionnaire never was received, it got cluttered and therefore never mailed back or that it was not seen as important nor beneficial to the patient. Suggestions made to increase response rate and expedite the return of the questionnaires based on the findings include increased information about the questionnaires and the National Pain Registry, notifications and reminders to help patients remember and tracking the mailed questionnaire to make sure it reaches the patient. Changing the front-page layout could make it more interesting to look at. To clarify questions, the option to complete all questionnaires at the clinic could be given and a computer alternative. The option to hand back the questionnaire either by mail, digitally or at the visit along with a scheduled one-year follow-up meeting could both increase response rate and expedite the return. / Hälsoenkäter används omfattande. En låg svarsfrekvens kan leda till missvisande resultat och påverka giltigheten av studien. Det här examensarbetet undersöker vad som kan göras för att öka svarsfrekvensen och påskynda återlämningen av hälsoenkäter. Det huvudsakliga målet med studien är att ge förslag som kan öka svarsfrekvensen till det Nationella Registret över Smärtrehabiliterings frågeformulär vid Danderyds Högspecialiserade Smärtmottagning, även om resultatet är betydelsefullt även i andra sammanhang där frågeformulär används och en hög svarsfrekvens önskas. Material har samlats in genom litteraturstudier, observationer, intervjuer med patienter vid Danderyds Högspecialiserade Smärtmottagning och intervjuer med kliniker som har en hög svarsfrekvens enligt det Nationella Registret över Smärtrehabiliterings rapporter. Flertalet faktorer som påverkar svarsfrekvens enligt litteraturstudier och intervjuerna hittades. Tillhandahålla ett digitalt alternativ, klargöra och förklara målet med studien och varför formuläret är viktigt att fylla i och att få deltagarna att känna sig som intressenter i studien är exempel på områden där förbättringar kan ske. Enligt patientintervjuerna angående nationella smärtrehabiliteringens första och andra frågeformuläret beror en del av problemen att fylla i formuläret på att smärtan skiftar i intensitet, oklara formuleringar av frågor och svar och en känsla av brist på någon att fråga. Skäl till att ett-årsuppföljningsformuläret inte återlämnades var att det aldrig mottogs, att det blev plottrigt och därför aldrig skickades tillbaka eller att det inte sågs som varken viktigt eller fördelaktigt att fylla i av patienten. Förslag på hur svarsfrekvensen kan ökas och återlämning påskyndas av frågeformulären baserat på upptäckterna inkluderar ökad information om frågeformulären och det Nationella Registret över Smärtrehabilitering, notifieringar och påminnelser för att hjälpa patienterna att komma ihåg och spårning av brevet med formuläret för att se till att det når patienten. Ändring av framsidans utseende skulle kunna göra det intressantare att titta på. För att klargöra frågor skulle en valmöjlighet att fylla i alla formulären på kliniken kunna ges samt ett datoralternativ. En valmöjlighet att ge tillbaka formuläret antingen via brev, digitalt eller för hand tillsammans med ett schemalagt ett-årsuppföljningsmöte kan både öka svarsfrekvensen och påskynda återlämningen av formuläret.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hérnia de disco lombar (HDL) acomete cerca de 5% dos pacientes com de dor lombar e o tratamento cirúrgico nestes casos é cada vez menos indicado, optando-se, na maior parte dos casos, pelo conservador. Embora o método estabilização lombar (EL) e a estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) tenham mostrado bons resultados em indivíduos portadores de dor lombar inespecífica, há escassa literatura que tenha verificado a eficácia destes tratamentos isoladamente em sujeitos acometidos por hérnia de disco lombar. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia dos exercícios de estabilização lombar e da TENS na dor, incapacidade funcional, e capacidade de ativação do músculo transverso do abdome (TrA) de indivíduos com hérnia de disco lombar. METODOLOGIA: Participaram da pesquisa 40 indivíduos com idade variando de 25 a 58 anos com dor lombar e hérnia de disco, e foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo estabilização lombar (EL) (exercícios específicos para os músculos TrA e multífido lombar(ML)) (n=20) e Grupo TENS (GT) (n=20) que receberam atendimento com corrente de estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea. Foram avaliados quanto à dor (Escala Visual Analógica e Questionário McGill de Dor), incapacidade funcional (Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry), e capacidade de recrutamento do TrA (Unidade de Biofeedback Pressórico-UBP). Os grupos foram tratados em duas sessões semanais com duração de 60 minutos por oito semanas. Cada indivíduo foi avaliado antes e após o tratamento. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de alfa=0,05. RESULTADOS: Após oito semanas, o grupo estabilização lombar mostrou melhora significativa na dor (p < 0,001), incapacidade funcional (p < 0,001), e capacidade de ativação do TrA (p < 0,001). O grupo TENS apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante apenas na dor (p < 0,012). A estabilização foi superior à TENS na melhora na dor (p < 0,001), incapacidade funcional (p < 0,001), e capacidade de ativação do TrA (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que a estabilização é efetiva na melhora da dor, incapacidade funcional, e capacidade da ativação do TrA, e a TENS apenas na dor. A estabilização foi superior à TENS em todas as variáveis / INTRODUCTION: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) affects about 5% of low back pain (LBP) patients. Surgical treatment in these cases is increasingly less suitable, opting, in most cases, for the conservative. Although lumbar stabilization method and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) have shown good results in patients with nonspecific low back pain, there is scarce literature that has verified the effectiveness of these treatments alone in subjects suffering from lumbar disc herniation.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercises and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), on pain, functional disability and activation of the transversus abdominis muscle (TrA), in individuals with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS: This study involved 40 patients (age range 25-58 years) with lumbar disc herniation randomized into two groups: Stabilization group (SG: n=20); which received of stabilization exercises (transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles) and TENS group (TG: n=20), which received electrotherapy. The following instruments were used: visual analogue pain scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire for pain, Oswestry Disability Index for functional disability, and pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) for ability to contract the TrA. Analyses within and between groups were performed after treatment. Groups underwent 16 sessions, for 60 minutes, twice a week and they were evaluated before and after eight weeks. Significance level was set at alfa= 0.05. RESULTS: After eight weeks, lumbar stabilization group showed significant improvements in pain (p < 0.001), functional disability (p < 0.001), and the ability to contract the TrA (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in TENS group in terms of disability (p < 0.264) or ability to contract the TrA muscle (p < 0.181), however, improvement in pain was demonstrated (p < 0.012). The stabilization was superior to TENS in terms of improvements in pain (p < 0.001), functional disability (p < 0.001), and ability to contract the TrA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that stabilization is effective in improving pain, functional disability, and the ability to contract the TrA in individuals with LDH. In the TENS group, the only improvement after treatment was in terms of pain. Stabilization was superior to TENS in all outcomes

A estimulação transcortical com corrente contínua (ETCC) é uma técnica de estimulação não-invasiva do córtex cerebral que tem mostrado efeitos positivos no controle da dor crônica. A hipótese principal deste estudo foi verificar se a associação da ETCC ao tratamento multidisciplinar de pacientes com fibromialgia aumentaria os resultados no controle da dor e melhora da qualidade de vida. O desenho do estudo foi um ensaio clínico controlado, aleatorizado, duplo-cego e de braços paralelos. Vinte e três mulheres com fibromialgia receberam o tratamento habitual de reabilitação com a intervenção multidisciplinar e medicamentos e foram divididas aleatoriamente em um grupo com ETCC anódica sobre o córtex motor esquerdo e catódica na região supra-orbital direita, com corrente contínua de 2mA, por 20 minutos. O outro grupo recebeu estimulação sham, na qual a mesma disposição de eletrodos foi usada sobre o couro cabeludo, porém a corrente foi interrompida após 1 minuto, permanecendo desligada nos 19 minutos restantes. As sessões ocorreram uma vez por semana por 10 semanas consecutivas, sempre antes de terapia multidisciplinar. A dor foi quantificada ao início e ao final do tratamento pela escala pela visual analógica (EVA) e pela dolorimetria de pressão sobre os pontos dolorosos da fibromialgia. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo Questionário de impacto da fibromialgia (FIQ) e SF-36. Como possíveis fatores de confusão, foram avaliados o humor e a capacidade funcional por meio do Índice de depressão de Beck (IDB), Escala de Hamilton (HAM) e questionário HAQ. Não foram descritos efeitos adversos graves. Houve melhora significativa da pontuação do domínio Dor do questionário SF-36, com efeito significante apenas no grupo sob estimulação ativa (de 26,6 ± 12,9 para 45,6 ± 15,1 ao final do tratamento, p=0,006). Nenhum dos demais desfechos apresentou melhora estatisticamente significativa, exceto FIQ que teve evolução marginalmente significativa no grupo ativo (62,1 ± 11,5 para 49,2 ± 21,2; p=0,056) e HAQ que evoluiu de 1,51 ± 0,47 para 1,24 ± 0,4 (p=0,0005), todavia sem diferença entre os grupos. Estes resultados reproduzem parcialmente os achados anteriores de melhora da dor com estímulo nãoinvasivo sobre o córtex motor, mas com dimensões menores, em virtude, talvez, da baixa freqüência de estímulos. A falta de ganhos diferenciados nos grupo ativo em outras dimensões da funcionalidade sugere que a estimulação realizada tem efeito específico sobre a dor. Conclui-se que a associação da ETCC à intervenção multidisciplinar pode trazer ganhos somatórios no controle das queixas clínicas da fibromialgia / Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique of cortical brain stimulation which has shown some positive effects on chronic pain control. The main hypothesis of this study was to verify if the association of tDCS to the multidisciplinary approach in patients with fibromyalgia would increase the results for the control of pain and improve quality of life. The study design was a randomized, double-blinded, shamcontrolled clinical Trial of parallel arms. Twenty tree women with fibromyalgia received the usual treatment with the multidisciplinary approach and drugs, and were randomly allocated in a group with 2mA anodic tDCS for 20 minutes over the left primary motor cortex and the cathode was positioned over the right supra-orbital region. Another group with sham stimulation, with the same electrode positioning, had the electric current interrupted within 1 minute from of stimulation and remained off during the remaining 19 minutes. Stimulations occurred weekly for 10 weeks, always before the multidisciplinary intervention. Pain was rated at the begging of the treatment and after its end by the visual analogue scale (VAS) e pressure dolorimetry on fibromyalgia tender points. Quality of life was evaluated with the Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) and SF-36. As possible confounders, humor and functional capacity were evaluated with Beck depression index (BDI), Hamilton scale (HAM) and HAQ. There were no serious adverse effects. There was a significant improvement in the Pain domain of SF-36, with significant effect only in the group under active tDCS (from 26.6 ± 12.9 to 45.6 ± 15.1 in the end of the treatment, p=0.006). Any of the other outcomes showed statistically significant improvement, except for FIQ, which presented with a marginally significant improvement in the active group (62.1 ± 11.5 to 49.2 ± 21.2; p=0.056) and HAQ (1.51 ± 0.47 to 1.24 ± 0.4; p=0.0005), without any difference in both groups. These results partially reproduce previous findings of pain improvement with non-invasive stimulation of the motor cortex, however with smaller effects, maybe due to the use of a reduced weekly frequency of stimuli. The lack of differential gains in the active group in other dimensions of functioning suggests the used stimulation be specifically effective for pain. The conclusion is that the association of tDCS to the multidisciplinary approach may bring additional improvement in the control of pain in fibromyalgia