Following on from Rio de Janeiro 2016, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games will present a unique challenge for athletes, needing to prepare and adapt to the potential challenging environmental conditions of 20-27°C and ~73% relative humidity. It is well known that during exercise in hot and/or humid climates, able-bodied athletes experience an increase in thermal strain and a reduction in performance compared to cooler/drier conditions. Yet these conditions prove even more problematic for athletes, who as a consequence of their impairment have a dysfunctional thermoregulatory system, such as athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, the thermoregulatory responses of athletes with an SCI have been an under-studied area of research. To gain a greater understanding of how heat balance is altered in individuals with an SCI and the thermoregulatory consequences as a result, studies need to first be conducted at rest, removing the additional metabolic heat production from exercise. Although a large majority of athletes with an SCI compete indoors in wheelchair court sports (e.g. wheelchair basketball and rugby), exercising even in these climate-controlled environments has been shown to place these athletes under considerable thermal strain. In light of this, it is remarkable that existing research on the thermoregulatory responses of athletes with an SCI during exercise is scarce, especially studies encompassing real-world sporting environments. Athletes with high level lesions (tetraplegia, TP) are a particularly under-studied population group shown to have a greater thermoregulatory impairment than individuals with low level lesions (paraplegia, PA) during continuous exercise. Thus the aim of this thesis was to investigate the thermoregulatory responses of athletes with an SCI at rest and during real-world sporting scenarios, with specific focus on athletes with TP. Study 1 aimed to determine how evaporative heat loss is altered, as a result of an SCI, compared to the able-bodied (AB), and the effect lesion level has on this response. The results provide evidence that in individuals with TP, even at rest, evaporative heat loss is not large enough to balance the heat load, when evaporation is the primary source of heat dissipation. Even though in individuals with PA Tgi increased by a smaller magnitude and they possessed a greater sweating capacity than individuals with TP, at ambient temperatures above Tsk latent heat loss is insufficient to attain heat balance, compared to the AB. To investigate the thermoregulatory responses of athletes with an SCI during real-world sporting scenarios Study 2 examined athletes with TP compared to athletes with PA during 60 min of intermittent sprint wheelchair exercise on a wheelchair ergometer. The study was conducted in conditions representative of an indoor playing environment for wheelchair rugby and basketball (~21°C, 40% relative humidity). Results demonstrated that, despite similar external work, athletes with TP were under greater thermal strain than athletes with PA. Study 3 s novel approach investigated both physiological responses and activity profiles of wheelchair rugby players during competitive match play. Despite players with TP covering 17% less distance and pushing on average 10% slower, they were under a greater amount of thermal strain than players with non-spinal related physical impairments (NON-SCI). Furthermore, this study demonstrated that players with TP that had a larger body mass, larger lean mass, covered a greater relative distance and/or were a higher point player had a greater end Tgi. These data provide an insight for coaches and support staff regarding which players may need greater attention in regards to cooling strategies or breaks in play. The effectiveness of cooling practices currently employed by athletes with TP has not been previously investigated. Study 4 determined the effectiveness of pre-cooling, using an ice vest alone and in combination with water sprays between quarters, at attenuating thermal strain in athletes with TP. Using the activity profile data from Study 3, an intermittent sprint protocol, conducted on a wheelchair ergometer, was used to represent a wheelchair rugby match. The combination of cooling methods lowered Tgi and Tsk to a greater extent than pre-cooling only, despite neither cooling condition having a positive or negative effect on performance. Unexpectedly, the pre-cooling only condition lowered Tgi, compared to no cooling, throughout the subsequent exercise protocol, even though the reduction in Tsk was not long lasting. This thesis provides comprehensive evidence that athletes with TP experience heightened thermal strain during both rest and real-world sporting scenarios compared to the AB, athletes with PA, and within the sport of wheelchair rugby. Athletes with TP should employ practices, such as appropriate cooling methods or alter playing tactics to reduce thermal strain and the likelihood of attaining a heat related injury.

Orientador: Gustavo Luis Gutierrez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_RenatoFranciscoRodrigues_D.pdf: 2101555 bytes, checksum: c7cc63506bee5c90178361db2cf8823d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo geral investigar e delimitar, com base em análise sociológica proposta na obra de Pierre Bourdieu, questões ligadas às formas de interação social presentes no sub-campo do esporte paraolímpico brasileiro. Os objetivos específicos apontam para três esferas presentes neste espaço: processos de formação, recrutamento e atuação de classificadores paraolímpicos, responsáveis pela alocação dos atletas em classes de disputa; a ocorrência do profissionalismo de atletas e formas de distribuição de recompensas financeiras e simbólicas; a presença e formas de atuação de pessoas com deficiência na gerência e administração de entidades organizativas do esporte paraolímpico brasileiro (federações, associações, comitês, entre outros). A metodologia de pesquisa deu-se com base em três momentos. O primeiro em análise de referencial teórico da obra de Pierre Bourdieu, ligado à sociologia do esporte, e posterior conformação e descrição de elementos constituintes do subcampo do esporte paraolímpico. O segundo em coleta de dados através de entrevistas pessoais e semi-estruturadas, com sujeitos atuantes em funções técnicas e/ou administrativas específicas do Comitê Paraolímpico Brasileiro (CPB), ligados, cada um deles, a uma das esferas de análise, na busca de informações ainda não documentadas a respeito destas vertentes. A terceira, na discussão dos dados com base na identificação e conformação do sub-campo em análise, associando as informações obtidas às categorias sugeridas por Bourdieu para a interpretação de interações entre sujeitos num determinado espaço social. A análise de dados foi baseada na divisão das informações coletadas em três grupos, ligados às esferas já descritas. Tem-se como resultado ligado à esfera de classificação: Tendência de profissionalização e busca por protocolos científicos mais abrangentes; Busca por melhor formação e especialização do classificador, a partir de democratização relativa do conhecimento específico; É um espaço de disputas, tanto pelo acesso ao conhecimento específico, quanto à legitimidade de classificação. Quanto à profissionalização: Financiamento principal de órgãos públicos; Relacionamento de aproximação com a mídia; Grande profissionalização de atletas, mas pequena de técnicos, classificadores e administradores; Quanto maior o capital simbólico (mérito esportivo), maior o capital econômico acumulado - modalidades individuais; Busca por reconhecimento do esporte paraolímpico como produto. E quanto à administração: Disputa política entre duas classes; Uso do esporte como forma de posicionamento político-social de pessoas com deficiência; Questão do capital cultural institucionalizado é um problema. Como resultado geral, tem-se que o esporte paraolímpico brasileiro é um espaço de disputas pelo controle das práticas esportivas, políticas e comerciais, próprias do esporte contemporâneo do século XXI. Mas que ainda está em processo de conformação e afirmação de posição na sociedade. E que depende tanto de ações internas, quanto externas a seus limites sociais, visto sua autonomia relativa frente à sociedade esportiva e brasileira em geral, e suas conformações e características sociais / Abstract: The present study aimed at investigating and defining the basis of sociological analysis proposed in the work of Pierre Bourdieu, issues related to forms of social interaction present in the sub-field of the Brazilian Paralympic sport. The specific objectives point to three spheres in this space: the process of training, recruitment and performance of classifiers paralympic athletes responsible for the allocation of classes in dispute, the occurrence of professional athletes and ways of distributing financial and symbolic rewards, and the presence and ways of working people with disabilities in management and administration of organizational entities of the Brazilian Paralympic sport (federations, associations, committees, among others). The research methodology was given based on three different occasions. The first analysis on the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu on the sociology of sport, and conformation and subsequent description of the elements of the sub-field of Paralympic sport. The second in data collection through personal interviews and semi-structured interviews with individuals working in technical functions and / or specific administrative Brazilian Paralympic Committee (CPC), linked each to one of the areas of analysis, seeking not yet documented information about these aspects. The third, in the discussion of the data based on identification and conformation of the sub-field analysis, gathering the information obtained to the categories suggested by Bourdieu for the interpretation of interactions among individuals in a particular social space. Data analysis was based on the division of information collected in three groups linked to the spheres described above. Were highlighted data that point to the conformation of the objectified social space, based on information aggregated, denied or reinforced components previously presented in theoretical analysis of the Brazilian Paralympic sport. Thus contributing to the definition and understanding of the forms of social action of agents in this space. It has been as a result, the Brazilian Paralympic sport is an area of disputes over control of sports, political and business typical of the contemporary sports of the XXI century. But that is still in the process of conformation and position statement on society. And that depends, as already explained by the theory of Pierre Bourdieu's Fields, both from internal actions, and external to their social boundaries, since their relative autonomy against the Brazilian society and sports in general and their conformations and social characteristics / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T01:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pena_LuisGustavodeSouza_M.pdf: 3543516 bytes, checksum: 288ed531b8f7a69d20f19deed2c000bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O Esporte Paralímpico passa por um grande crescimento, sendo a formação de recursos humanos parte importante nesse processo. Profissionais de Educação Física devem cada vez mais tomar contato com esse conteúdo durante seu processo de formação inicial, de modo a qualificar sua prática profissional. Faz-se necessário oferecer oportunidades para os alunos vivenciarem as modalidades paralímpicas, estimulando a reflexão sobre a futura atuação profissional. O objetivo do trabalho é investigar a percepção de docentes e acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física, nas modalidades licenciatura e bacharelado, acerca do Esporte Paralímpico enquanto vivência prática e formação profissional. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 6 professores de disciplinas que abordem o Esporte Paralímpico como um de seus conteúdos e com 10 alunos de graduação e pós-graduação que participaram do projeto de extensão em 5 modalidades paradesportivas e aplicado um questionário em 54 alunos de graduação que participaram de um torneio universitário. Acadêmicos e docentes acreditam que o Esporte Paralímpico é um conteúdo importante a ser trabalhada na Educação Física e a vivência prática é parte fundamental no processo de aprendizagem. Além disso, consideram os espaços extracurriculares como ferramentas importantes de aprendizado, possibilitando o aprofundamento do conteúdo discutido em sala de aula. Espera-se que mais pesquisas possam ser realizadas de modo a relacionar a prática docente com o plano de aulas e as ementas das disciplinas, observarem as aulas, buscarem alternativas extracurriculares, de modo a aprofundar as reflexões sobre a abordagem do Esporte Paralímpico na formação do profissional de educação Física / Abstract: The Paralympic Sport is going through a great development and the professional forming process plays an important role. Physical Education professionals should increase their contact with this subject throughout the forming process and qualify their practice. It is necessary provide opportunities to students experience paralympic sports and spread reflections about the future practice. The aim of this research is investigate the perceptions of Physical Education teachers and students about the Paralympic Sport in Physical Education courses. Were conducted semi-structured interviews with six teachers that work with Paralympic Sport in their disciplines and 10 graduation and post-graduation students participants of a 5 sports-extension project and applied a questionnaire on 54 graduation students who participated a university tournament. Students and teachers believe that Paralympic Sport an important contends to be discussed in Physical Education and the practical experience plays a fundamental role in this process. Besides, they consider extracurricular spaces as useful learning tool, that deep the knowledge debated during the class time. It is expected that more investigations can be conducted relating the teachers practices to the class plan and the disciplines menus, watching the classes, seeking other extracurricular alternatives, and deep the reflections about the Paralympic Sport in Physical Education courses / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: Milton Shoiti Misuta / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_ThiagoPinguelli_M.pdf: 2089592 bytes, checksum: 16abfd19a93aae25d29887b941bc7b8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O goalball é um esporte coletivo praticado por pessoas com deficiência visual e baseado na troca de arremessos entre as equipes, vencendo a equipe que marcar o maior número de gols. Embora o goalball tenha sido criado após a II Guerra, assim como outros esportes paralímpicos, são relativamente escassos estudos da análise do jogo ou das ações dos jogadores nas partidas. Nesse sentido, a videogrametria apresenta-se como uma possiblidade para a análise quantitativa do jogo de maneira mais objetiva, por permitir descrever a movimentação dos jogadores e da bola em função do tempo. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi a análise cinemática dos arremessos em jogos oficiais usando a videogrametria, que permitiu analisar o deslocamento dos jogadores durante os arremessos; levantar características sobre os arremessos considerando a técnica utilizada, a posição onde ocorreu, o tipo de bola, sua velocidade e trajetória. Foram analisados jogos masculinos de nível estadual brasileiro, e a amostra contou com dezesseis jogadores, sendo seis alas direito, quatro centrais e seis alas esquerdo (média ± dp, idade 27 ± 6,8 anos; estatura 1,73 ± 0,09 m; massa corporal 77,7 ± 17,4 kg; tempo de prática 53 ± 36 meses). Os jogos foram filmados por duas câmeras de vídeo digitais, as imagens foram analisadas no software Dvideo, permitindo a obtenção da posição dos jogadores e registro das ações em função do tempo. O primeiro estudo trata da análise das ações dos jogadores. Os resultados mostraram que os alas desenvolveram maiores distâncias percorridas e velocidades máximas ao arremessar, suas ações apresentam maior duração e menores intervalos de recuperação que os centrais, evidenciando a necessidade de treinamento específico entre as posições. Apesar da maior distancia percorrida e velocidade do jogador na técnica entre pernas, isto não representou nem uma maior velocidade da bola, nem um maior número de gols. O segundo, trata da análise dos setores de origem e destino, as trajetórias e a velocidade da bola nos arremessos. Foi observado uma preferência pelos setores esquerdos da quadra para a origem dos arremessos, enquanto os destinos distribuíram-se de forma mais equilibrada pela quadra com vantagem para os setores laterais, sendo as trajetórias diagonais as mais utilizadas. A bola arremessada com giro foi mais veloz e foi esta a técnica utilizada na maior parte dos arremessos que resultaram em gols. As bolas quicadas representaram a maior parte dos arremessos e embora tenham apresentado menores velocidades que as bolas lisas, foram as bolas que mais marcaram gols, indicando a velocidade da bola não é o único fator de interferência na conversão do arremesso em gol. Palavras-chaves: goalball, biomecânica, arremesso e análise cinemática / Abstract: Goalball is a team sport practiced by people with visual impairment and based on the exchange of throws between the teams, winning the team that scores the most goals. Although the goalball was created after World War II, as well as other Paralympic sports, are relatively scarce game analysis of studies or actions of players in the matches. In this sense videogrammetry presents itself as a possibility for quantitative analysis of the game in a more objective manner described for enabling the movement of the players and the ball with respect to time. The objective of this study was kinematic analysis of throws in official matches using videogrammetry specifically analyze the movement of players during the throws; lift characteristics on the throws considering the technique used and the location where it occurred, the type of ball, its speed and trajectory. Brazilian state-level male games were analyzed, and the sample consisted of sixteen players, being six right wing, four pivots and six left wings (mean ± SD, age 27 ± 6.8 years, height 1.73 ± 0.09 m, body mass 77.7 ± 17.4 kg; practice time 53 ± 36 months). The games were filmed by two digital video cameras, the images were analyzed in Dvideo software, allowing to obtain the position of the players and registration of shares with respect to time. The first study deals with the analysis of the player's actions. The results showed that the wings have developed larger covered distances and maximum speeds to throw, his actions have longer duration and lower rest intervals that central, highlighting the need for specific training between positions. Despite the increased distance traveled and speed of the player in between legs technique, this hasn't represented or greater ball's speed or a greater number of goals. The second study deals with the analysis of the origin and destination sectors, ball's trajectories and ball's speed in throw. Was observed a preference for left sectors of the court for the origins, while the destination were distributed more evenly across the court, with advantage of the lateral sectors, being the diagonal trajectories the most used. A spin ball was faster and this was the technique used in most of the throws that resulted in goals. The jumpy balls accounted for most of throws and although they presented lower speeds than smooth balls, were the balls that more marked goals, indicating the speed of the ball isn't only interference factor in the conversion of throw on goal. Keywords: goalball, biomechanics, throw and kinematical analysis / Mestrado / Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e Esporte / Mestre em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo

Title: Quality of life in sitting volleyball players Objectives: The main goal of the thesis is to summarize and extend knowledge about sitting volleyball and to analyse quality of life in sitting volleyball players. Methods: For the analysis we have used standardized questionnaire from the World Health Organization in its short version named WHOQOL-BREF. 12 players (8 men, 4 women) with average age 40,6 years participated in the study. Results: The results of the questionnaire show, that quality of life in sitting volleyball players is better then quality of life of general population. We can deduce it from the fact, that their answers were better in three of four domains of the questionnaire (experiencing, social relations, surroundings). Only in the domain of physical health, sitting volleyball players showed worse results than general population, what could not be surprising due to their physical handicap. Keywords: paralympic sport, volleyball, resocialisation, amputation, WHOQOL- BREF

Paralympic athletes (PA) appear to be more prone to chronic overuse injuries from daily wheelchair or crutch use. Over half of these injuries are shoulder related which can deleteriously impact quality of life. Adaptive powerlifters (AP) are a subdivision of Paralympic athletes and are at a higher risk for catastrophic injuries as compared to their counterparts, due to the compound of fatigue and lifting of maximal weights. For this reason, it is vital to have well-designed training plans for these athletes in order to preserve quality of life and maximize performance in competition. Unfortunately, there is a lack of literature on training adaptive athletes for performance. The purpose of this dissertation is to collect and analyze monitoring data of a para-powerlifter preparing for competition over the course of a six-month macrocycle. Specifically, the intention is to 1) explore options in adaptive monitoring measures for the adaptive athlete community via para-powerlifting 2) analyze trends in the training process with such monitoring methods in fatigue and performance and 3) examine efficient and safe training methods and practices for para-powerlifting. The major findings of this dissertation are 1.) Hand grip dynamometry may be a valid monitoring tool used to gain clarity on neuromuscular fatigue within para-powerlifters. 2.) Barbell velocities may reveal trends in fatigue and recovery over the course of a training cycle for para-powerlifters. 3.) Para-powerlifters and para-athletes training for upper-body power development should likely perform bench press using a strap to secure them to the bench for enhanced stability. The significant and consistently increased force outputs the added stability enables the athlete to utilize may bring more pronounced training adaptations towards their goals. This dissertation is exploratory in nature and much more research needs to be done to give the adaptive athlete population adequate information and tools for their long-term success and safety.

The subject of this diploma thesis is to map the media presentation development of handicapped sportsmen in years 1992-2012. The thesis focuses on sportsmen media impression in journals Právo (also Rudé právo) and Sport (also Československý sport). The objective of this analysis is to find out, whether the impression of handicapped sportsmen corresponds with the impression of so-called normal sportsmen. The analytical part includes qualitative comparative analysis of articles about paralympic and olympic athletes at the time of Olympic and Paralympic Games. The thesis also analyse articles, that were published one week before or after the Games. The first chapter describes, how were handicapped sportsmen noted in newspaper in the past. As handicapped sportsmen are showed in media stereotypically, therefore there is a term deconstruction of representation and stereotypization as a part of theory behind this study. The framing analysis has its own chapter. The way, how texts about paralympic and olympic athletes are framed, is important for further analysis. That analysis forms six chapters. Every single chapter focuses on a single year, in which Olympic or Paralympic Games were held. Using the analysis of texts about the most successfull athletes leads to a comparison of those Games media...

Title: Paralympic classification in table tennis players with physical impairments Objectives: The aim of this work is to create systematic text by literary research follow up issue about classification in paralympic sport with focusing on table tennis players with physical impairments. Methods: In this thesis we used qualitative research methods. It is based on the analysis and synthesis of available literature resources, key organizations, and expert consultations. Results: A comprehensive text about issue of classification in the paralympic table tennis of physically disabled players was created. This work can help national table tennis classifiers of physically disabled players to classify players. In the future, research in this area needs to be carried a way that the classification is truly based on scientific evidence. Keywords: health impairment, evaluation, paralympic games, classifier, sport classes, eligibility

O presente documento apresenta sucintamente os conceitos e definições das geotecnologias, com ênfase em duas ferramentas tecnológicas de suporte a utilização desta metodologia: o geoprocessamento e o sistema de informação geográfica (SIG). A proposta metodológica da utilização da geotecnologias teve como objetivo a observação dos fenômenos dos megaeventos esportivos, que serão sediados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a Copa do Mundo de Futebol 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos de 2016, bem como atender as exigências de conclusão da tese de doutorado. Para tal, foram realizados dois artigos que observaram o fenômeno megaeventos esportivos no espaço geográfico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro verificou as mudanças urbanas com as características socioeconômicas ocorridas nas proximidades do parque olímpico, a partir de uma visão temporal da década de 2000. O segundo artigo observou o espaço geográfico da cidade junto aos sítios olímpicos e as mudanças climáticas que vêm ocorrendo nesses locais, através da observação da evolução da temperatura de superfície com a construção de mapas termais, e de dados meteorológicos. / This paper presents the concepts and definitions of geotechnology , with emphasis on two different tools to support the use of this methodology: geoprocessing and geographic information system (GIS ) .The use of this methodological proposal, the geotechnologies, had as objective at observing the phenomena of mega sporting events that will be hosted in the city of Rio de Janeiro, World Cup Football 2014 and the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016, as well as meet the requirements of completion of the doctoral thesis. To this end, two articles which observed the phenomenon sports mega-events in the geographic space of the city of Rio de Janeiro were performed. The first verified the urban changes with socioeconomic characteristics, which occurred near the Olympic Park, from a temporal view of the 2000s. The second article noted the geographic area of the city surrounding to the Olympic site and the climate changes that are occurring in these locations by checking the evolution of the surface temperature with the construction of thermal maps and weather data.

O presente documento apresenta sucintamente os conceitos e definições das geotecnologias, com ênfase em duas ferramentas tecnológicas de suporte a utilização desta metodologia: o geoprocessamento e o sistema de informação geográfica (SIG). A proposta metodológica da utilização da geotecnologias teve como objetivo a observação dos fenômenos dos megaeventos esportivos, que serão sediados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a Copa do Mundo de Futebol 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos de 2016, bem como atender as exigências de conclusão da tese de doutorado. Para tal, foram realizados dois artigos que observaram o fenômeno megaeventos esportivos no espaço geográfico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro verificou as mudanças urbanas com as características socioeconômicas ocorridas nas proximidades do parque olímpico, a partir de uma visão temporal da década de 2000. O segundo artigo observou o espaço geográfico da cidade junto aos sítios olímpicos e as mudanças climáticas que vêm ocorrendo nesses locais, através da observação da evolução da temperatura de superfície com a construção de mapas termais, e de dados meteorológicos. / This paper presents the concepts and definitions of geotechnology , with emphasis on two different tools to support the use of this methodology: geoprocessing and geographic information system (GIS ) .The use of this methodological proposal, the geotechnologies, had as objective at observing the phenomena of mega sporting events that will be hosted in the city of Rio de Janeiro, World Cup Football 2014 and the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016, as well as meet the requirements of completion of the doctoral thesis. To this end, two articles which observed the phenomenon sports mega-events in the geographic space of the city of Rio de Janeiro were performed. The first verified the urban changes with socioeconomic characteristics, which occurred near the Olympic Park, from a temporal view of the 2000s. The second article noted the geographic area of the city surrounding to the Olympic site and the climate changes that are occurring in these locations by checking the evolution of the surface temperature with the construction of thermal maps and weather data.