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Discipline was implemented by mothers and alloparent spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) mothers and alloparents on Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas. Disciplinarians were significantly more likely to be adults than juveniles. Although most disciplinarians were female, males were also observed to perform discipline. The recipients of discipline were male and female, and significantly more likely to be calves than juveniles. Pursuit, contact, and display behaviors were used in discipline, however pursuit behaviors were most often observed. Variables such as age class, sex, and parity were not found to influence how discipline was implemented. The durations of all disciplinary pursuits were under thirty seconds, and successful pursuits had slightly shorter duration than unsuccessful pursuits. Disciplinarian success was not significantly influenced by age class, sex, parity, or behavior used. / by Meghan Weinpress. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Delinquent behavior is often a consequence of complex interactions between social contexts. In this study, we examined if the quality of relationships with mothers or fathers and relationships with delinquent peers predicted change in adolescents’ delinquent behavior. We used a sample of 2024 Swedish adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years (M = 14.8, SD = .71). We analyzed the data using hierarchical regressions, testing interactions intended to determine if the relationships with peers moderated the association of peers’ delinquent behavior with changes in adolescents’ own delinquent behavior. We further tested if this interaction was moderated by the quality of relationships with parents. The results suggested that association with delinquent peers was moderated by the quality of the relationship with peers. We did not find, however, evidence that the relationships with mothers or fathers predicted change in delinquent behavior or moderated the association of peer variables with delinquent behavior. While having delinquent peers matters for predicting delinquent behavior, when the relationships are high-quality relationships there is a greater increase in delinquent behavior than when the relationships are lower quality. The results of this study have implications for practice and further research on delinquent behavior, particularly for creating and improving prevention and intervention programs. / Delinquent beteende är ofta en konsekvens av komplexa interaktioner mellan sociala sammanhang. I denna studie undersökte vi om kvaliteten på relationerna med mödrar eller fäder och relationer med brottsliga kamrater förutspådde förändring av ungdomars brottsliga beteende. Vi använde ett urval av 2024 svenska ungdomar mellan 13 och 18 år (M = 14.8, SD = .71). Vi analyserade datan genom att använda hierarkiska regressioner, testande interaktioner som avsåg att avgöra om relationerna med kamrater modererade associeringen av kamraternas brottsliga beteenden med förändring av ungdomars egna brottsliga beteende. Vi testade fortsättningsvis om denna interaktion var modererad av kvaliteten på relationerna med föräldrarna. Resultaten föreslår att association med delinquenta kamrater modererades av kvaliteten på relationen med kamrater. Vi hittade emellertid inte bevis för att relationerna med mödrar eller fäder förutspådde förändring i delinquent beteende eller modererade associeringen av kompisars variabler med delinquent beteende. Relationen med delinquenta kamrater är betydelsefull för att förutsäga delinquent beteende, där högkvalitativa relationer modererade en kraftigare ökning av delinquent beteende än de relationer som var lågkvalitativa. Resultaten av denna studie har implikationer för praktik och vidare forskning i brottsligt beteende, särskilt för att skapa och förbättra prevention och interventionsprogram.

xvi, 200 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Early social emotional competence has been linked to school readiness, decreased challenging behaviors, and positive relationships with family and peers. Despite this compelling research, more young children are displaying increasingly challenging behaviors and poor social emotional outcomes, often linked to factors associated with poverty. An important component in addressing this issue is programmatic implementation of high quality, practitioner- and family-friendly assessment measures. It is critical that young children who may be at risk for early mental health concerns be identified early and the necessary interventions and goals be established to ensure that healthy relationships and positive behaviors result. The Social Emotional Assessment IV Measure (SEAM) is a new parent/caregiver-completed assessment measure that identifies key components necessary in assessing social emotional competence. This descriptive study closely examines the utility of the Toddler SEAM within a low income, diverse sample. The Toddler SEAM was tested with 50 diverse low-income parents/caregivers in order to establish baseline data and provide researchers with important feedback regarding the psychometric properties of SEAM. One hundred percent of study participants indicated that the SEAM is a beneficial measure and would be an important tool for themselves and other parents who want to learn more about children's social emotional development. Forty-eight participants (96%) felt that SEAM items were useful in teaching them more about their child's social emotional development. Forty-four participants (88%) felt that SEAM items were clear and easy to understand. Qualitative feedback was gathered regarding methods by which to improve SEAM items (i.e., wording, content) in order to make it more parent-friendly and comprehensive. The Toddler SEAM was also compared with the ASQ:SE, a social emotional screening tool with established reliability and validity within risk and non-risk populations. Correlations between the ASQ:SE 18-, 24-, 30- and 36-month intervals and the Toddler SEAM were all significant (p < .05). Internal consistency was high with a Cronbach's alpha level of .92, indicating that the SEAM is likely measuring the unitary construct of social emotional development. / Adviser: Jane Squires

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-30T17:00:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eloeth_piva2017.pdf: 2505630 bytes, checksum: 9aa38f0730a7dde0683dd99622d7558c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T17:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eloeth_piva2017.pdf: 2505630 bytes, checksum: 9aa38f0730a7dde0683dd99622d7558c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The hospitalization of the newborn in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a source of stress for the parents, affecting the parental role and the capacity of care. Thus, the present study aimed to perform the translation, cultural adaptation, psychometric validation, categorization of scores and clinical validation of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (NICU: PBS) for Brazilian portuguese, with parents of children premature hospitalized. This is a methodological study, with quantitative analysis involving fathers and/or mothers of premature newborns admitted to the NICU or the Intermediate Care Unit (ICU) in a university in western Paraná. The cultural adaptation of the instrument attended to the sequence: (1) translation of the instrument from the source language into the target language, (2) back translation, (3) analysis of the version synthesized by a committee of judges, (4) pre-test (n=08), (5) re-examination of scores. Finally, reliability assessment with the test-retest (n=23), and validity with clinical validation (n=76). In the evaluation of the committee of judges there was agreement for the translation of 90% and Kappa of 0.71 indicating substantial agreement. The pre-test revealed an understanding of 87.5% of parents regarding the application of the instrument. The test-retest obtained an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.98 and Cronbach's Alpha of 0.92, revealing excellent stability and high internal consistency. The validity of the construct was based on the confirmatory and exploratory factorial analysis of data from 99 fathers and/or mothers. The Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of 0.86 indicated good fit of the sample. The E model, evidenced by the exploratory factorial analysis, obtained better adjustments and supported a factorial structure in three factors: trust in parental role, parent and child interaction, and parental knowledge in the NICU. With the categorization of the scores obtained in the application of the instrument, the individuals were classified into: a) "capacity of care" (scores between 90 and 72), with 35 fathers and/or mothers; B) "moderate capacity of care" (scores between 71 to 54), with 50 fathers and/or mothers; and c) "moderate insufficiency of the capacity of care" (scores ranging from 53 to 36), with 14 fathers and/or mothers. The category "Insufficiency of the capacity of care" (scores between 35 and 18), did not obtain individuals who in this range. In the comparison between sociodemographic and clinical data, a significant statistical association was found between the parents' classification groups with the age of the children in addition to the preterm infant. And the Principal Components Analysis showed an inverse relationship between the scale scores with family income, age and maternal schooling, with a statistically significant association for the family income. The scale proved adequate and reliable for the application with fathers and/or mothers of hospitalized preterm infants, presenting themselves as a tool to guide the work of the health team. / A hospitalização do recém-nascido em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é uma fonte de estresse para os pais, repercutindo no papel parental e na sua capacidade de cuidado. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural, validação psicométrica, categorização dos escores e validação clínica da escala Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (NICU: PBS) para o português do Brasil, com pais de crianças prematuras hospitalizadas. Tratou-se de um estudo metodológico, com análise quantitativa, envolvendo pais e/ou as mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados em UTIN ou em Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários (UCI) de um hospital universitário no interior do Paraná. A adaptação cultural do instrumento atendeu à sequência: (1) tradução do instrumento do idioma de origem para o idioma alvo, (2) retrotradução para o idioma de origem (back translation), (3) análise da versão sintetizada por um comitê de juízes, (4) pré-teste (n=08), (5) reexame das pontuações. Por fim, a avaliação da confiabilidade com o teste-reteste (n=23), e da validade com a validação clínica (n=76). Na avaliação do comitê de juízes houve concordância para a tradução de 90%, e Kappa de 0,71, indicando substancial concordância. O pré-teste revelou entendimento de 87,5% dos pais diante da aplicação do instrumento. O teste-reteste obteve Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) de 0,98 e Alfa de Cronbach de 0,92, revelando excelente estabilidade do instrumento e elevada consistência interna. A validade de construto contou com a análise fatorial confirmatória e exploratória dos dados de 99 pais e/ou mães. O teste de Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0,86 indicou bom ajuste da amostra. O modelo E, evidenciado pela análise fatorial exploratória, obteve melhores ajustes e sustentou estrutura fatorial em três fatores: a confiança no papel parental, a interação pais e filho e o conhecimento dos pais na UTIN. Com a categorização dos escores obtidos na aplicação do instrumento, os indivíduos foram classificados em: a) “Suficiência da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 90 a 72), com 35 pais e/ou mães; b) “Suficiência moderada da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 71 a 54), com 50 pais e/ou mães; e c) “Insuficiência moderada da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 53 a 36), com 14 pais e/ou mães. A categoria “Insuficiência da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 35 a 18), não obteve indivíduos que pontuassem nesse intervalo. Na comparação entre os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos encontrou-se associação estatística significativa dos grupos de classificação dos pais com a idade dos filhos além do prematuro. E pela Análise de Componentes Principais evidenciou-se relação inversa entre os escores da escala com a renda familiar, idade e escolaridade materna, com associação estatística significativa para a renda familiar. A escala revelou-se adequada e confiável para a aplicação com pais e/ou mães de prematuros hospitalizados, apresentando-se como uma ferramenta norteadora na atuação da equipe de saúde.

The purpose of the present archival study was to investigate the relationship between parental substance abuse and the risk for maladjustment and psychopathology in children in a clinic sample. Children of alcoholic parents and children of drug-dependent parents were compared to children of non-substance abusing parents. The subjects were 83 boys age 6 to 12. Children of substance abuse parents had lower levels of adaptive functioning and higher levels of school behavioral problems. Although previous studies have reported a strong association between an adverse family environment and the risk of child maladjustment, the present study did not find that the addition of an adverse family environment increased the risk for maladjustment or school behavioral problems in children of substance abusers.

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is increasingly understood as representing a public health concern and a behavioral marker of emotional and psychological distress among young people. NSSI is prevalent during the period of young adulthood, including among emerging adults pursuing a university education, yet the vulnerability factors associated with NSSI in this population merit more in-depth and contextualized investigation. The current dissertation's overarching objective was to better understand the risk context surrounding university students' engagement in NSSI. Using a sample of 2,579 students (75.2% female; Mage=18.97; SDage=1.54), Study 1 first explored the roles of parental (mother and father pressure) and intrapersonal (emotion dysregulation, academic coping, perfectionism subtypes) risk factors in university students’ likelihood and frequency of engagement in NSSI in the past year. An integrated latent structural equation model revealed that higher levels of perceived mother and father pressure were associated with a greater likelihood of past-year NSSI engagement in the university student sample. Among intrapersonal risk factors, only emotion dysregulation was found to be associated with higher NSSI likelihood and frequency. Building upon these results, Study 2 sought to narrow in further on understanding the emotion regulation profiles of university students with a past-year history of NSSI. Using a person-centered statistical approach, university students who reported having engaged in NSSI within the past year (n = 479; 83.8% female; Mage = 18.77; SDage = 1.43) were classified into latent profiles based on their self-perceived difficulties in regulating both positive and negative emotions. Independent samples of students who had a past history of NSSI but had not self-injured within the previous year (n = 439; 82.9% females; Mage = 19.03, SDage = 1.62) and who had no history of NSSI (n = 1551; 69.9% females; Mage = 19.02, SDage = 1.55) were included as comparison groups. Latent cluster analyses uncovered three emotion regulation profiles within the NSSI sample - the Average Difficulties (47.4%), Dysregulated (33.0%), and Low Difficulties (19.6%) profiles - each of which differed meaningfully from both comparison samples on mean levels of emotion regulation difficulties. Students across the three profiles also differed in their self-reported experiences with parents, particularly with fathers (perceived pressure, antipathy, unresolved attachment, psychological control), and in the extent to which they felt alienated from parents. Lastly, students across profiles differed in the frequency, methods, functions, and addictive properties of their NSSI. Taken together, findings from the current dissertation expanded our awareness of vulnerability factors for NSSI that have historically been understudied (e.g., parental pressure, father-child relationships, dysregulated positive emotions), while also bringing into focus the notion that even well-established NSSI risk factors (emotion regulation difficulties) can manifest quite heterogeneously amongst university students with a history of self-injurious behavior.

The purpose of this study was to analyze gender, race, substance abuse programs such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.), parents, and peers and their ability to influence or predict adolescents and their decisions to use marijuana. All of the variables used for this study came from secondhand data collected by Esbensen and Osgood (1999), Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.). The analysis revealed that males are more likely to have ever used marijuana, that mixed race adolescents have a higher rate than other races to have ever used marijuana, that when adolescents complete the substance abuse program, D.A.R.E. have a lower rate than those who did not complete the program, adolescents are less likely to have ever used marijuana when their parents know where they are, and adolescents are more likely to have ever used marijuana when they have friends who use marijuana.

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