Selon plusieurs études, il y aurait une certaine association des comportements déviants à travers le temps et à travers les générations. Peu importe l’angle d’analyse, le fait que la délinquance soit liée d’une génération à une autre semble confirmé par plusieurs recherches empiriques. Cela étant dit, cette étude met à l’épreuve le modèle suggérant un lien intergénérationnel entre les comportements délinquants des adolescents et de leurs parents. En utilisant des données longitudinales recueillies auprès de 1037 garçons provenant de quartiers défavorisés d’une grande ville canadienne, nous examinons les comportements violents et les comportements de vol de ces adolescents alors qu’ils étaient âgés entre 11 et 17 ans tout en examinant l’effet du passé criminel de la mère et du père. Par la suite, diverses variables médiatrices familiales telles que la supervision inadéquate des parents, la punition erratique des parents et l’attachement à la famille sont ajoutées aux modèles pour évaluer leur part explicative dans cette association statistique. En réalisant deux modèles multiniveaux paramétriques, soit un pour chaque type de délinquance, les résultats de l’analyse permettent de constater d’une part, qu’un lien est observé entre les comportements violents des garçons et la présence d’un dossier criminel chez la mère et d’autre part, que la criminalité du père n’est pas associée aux comportements délinquants des garçons. Également, bien que la supervision parentale explique légèrement ce lien, les facteurs familiaux inclus dans l’analyse ne parviennent pas à expliquer en totalité cette relation entre la criminalité de la mère et les comportements délinquants de leurs garçons. Enfin, bien que la puissance statistique des données limite partiellement les conclusions générales, nous discutons des implications théoriques de ces résultats. / Various studies have shown substantial stability in deviant behaviour over time and across generations. Irrespective of the type of analysis, the fact that adolescence deviance is linked to their parent criminal behaviour seems to have reached a certain consensus among researchers. The aim of this study was to test the theory of intergenerational continuity in delinquency. Using longitudinal data collected from 1,037 male youths in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in a large Canadian city, we examined self-reported violent behaviours and perpetration of theft among these adolescents when they were 11 to 17 years of age, in light of the criminal record of their mother and father. Child and parental characteristics were then added to the model to explore intergenerational influences. The results of conducting two parametric analyses, one for each type of delinquent behaviour, showed that violent behaviours occurred when the mother had a criminal record, yet the father’s criminal record had no influence on violent behaviours. Child and parental factors were unable to totally explain these results. Despite some statistical limitations related to the sparseness of the parent criminal data, the findings are discussed and theoretical advances are presented.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la mesure des pratiques éducatives et à leur capacité à rendre compte de ces pratiques. Notamment, la sensibilité des instruments à rendre compte des changements dans les pratiques éducatives suite à un programme d’entraînement aux habiletés parentales est abordée tout en tenant compte des facteurs déterminants de ces pratiques. Le corps de cette thèse est composé de deux articles. L’objectif de la première étude consiste à comparer deux instruments de mesure fréquemment utilisés pour mesurer les pratiques éducatives. Les deux instruments, comparés sur la base de données empiriques, sont le Parenting Practices Interview (PPI), un instrument développé afin de mesurer les changements suite au programme d’entraînement aux habiletés parentales Ces Années Incroyables, et l’Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). Le premier s’adresse aux parents d’enfants de 3 à 8 ans alors que le second cible les parents d’enfants d’âge scolaire. Cent vingt parents ont complété le PPI et l’APQ. Des analyses corrélationnelles, une analyse en composante principale et des corrélations canoniques ont été utilisées afin de comparer les différentes pratiques mesurées par ces deux instruments. Les résultats indiquent que ces deux instruments mesurent sensiblement les mêmes pratiques parentales. Quelques sous-échelles du PPI ne sont pas mesurées par l’APQ et représentent des pratiques éducatives additionnelles. Puisque ces deux instruments mesurent sensiblement les mêmes pratiques, le choix du questionnaire devrait être fait en fonction de l’objectif de l’étude (p.ex. évaluer l’efficacité du programme Ces Années Incroyables ou non), de la facilité d’utilisation de l’instrument et de l’âge des enfants. Le deuxième article a pour objectif d’évaluer les changements dans les pratiques éducatives suite à la participation des parents à un programme d’entraînement aux habiletés parentales (PEHP) à l’aide d’une grille d’observation spécifiquement développée dans le cadre de ce projet. De plus, cette étude vise à identifier les facteurs modérateurs du changement dans les pratiques éducatives telles certaines caractéristiques de l’enfant et des parents. Soixante-dix-sept familles ayant un enfant de 6 à 9 ans avec un trouble du déficit d’attention/hyperactivité (TDA/H) ont été retenues pour cette étude. Les familles ont participé soit au PEHP, soit elles ont reçu du soutien téléphonique (ST), ou elles ont continué à recevoir les services dans la communauté. Les pratiques éducatives ont été évaluées avant et après l’intervention à l’aide d’une mesure observationnelle. Les résultats indiquent que seuls les parents ayant participé au PEHP utilisent davantage de pratiques positives et ont diminué les pratiques sévères et négatives suite à l’intervention. De plus, le sous-type de TDA/H, la présence ou non de comorbidité chez l’enfant et le cumul de risque à l’intérieur d’une famille, calculé à partir de caractéristiques des parents, ne modèrent pas le changement suite à l’intervention. Cette étude démontre donc la capacité de la mesure observationnelle à détecter des changements suite à l’intervention de même que l’efficacité du PEHP auprès des familles d’enfants d’âge scolaire ayant un TDA/H. / The purpose of this thesis was to examine various measures of parenting practices and their ability to account for these practices. The instrument’s sensitivity to changes following a parent training program is also examined while taking into account potential moderators of treatment response. Two studies constitute the body of this thesis. The first study compared two parenting practices questionnaire on the basis of empirical data. The Parenting Practices Interview (PPI) is a self-report questionnaire for 3 to 8-year old children used to evaluate changes in parenting practices following a parent training program (PTP). The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) is a self-report questionnaire for school-age children that has been used for multiple research purposes. One hundred and twenty parents completed both the PPI and APQ. Correlation analyses, principal component analysis and canonical correlations were performed, with results indicating that the PPI and APQ measure similar parenting practices. Only a few scales from the PPI were not measured by the APQ and represented additional content. Because both measures cover the same parenting practices aspects equally well, choice of questionnaire should be based on purpose of study, practicality and age of children. The second study examined changes in parenting practices following a parent training program for families of school-age children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Changes were examined with an observational measure specifically created for this project. Seventy-seven families were assigned to either the Incredible Years parent training program (PTP), a support phone call group (SPC), or to a community services (C) control group. Parenting practices were assessed before and after the intervention through direct observations. Results showed that parents in the PTP group reduced the percentage of harsh/negative parenting practices and increased the percentage of positive parenting practices used following the intervention while parents from the other two groups did not change. In addition, ADHD subtypes, comorbidity and cumulative risks based on parent’s characteristics did not moderate treatment response. Findings from this study show that the new observational measure is sensitive enough to detect changes following a PTP and also indicate that a parent training program is a valuable intervention for families of school-age children diagnosed with ADHD.

Cette étude vise à examiner la relation entre les pratiques parentales utilisées durant la période de l'enfance et les dimensions principales du du trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) à l'adolescence, soit l’inattention, l’hyperactivité et l’impulsivité. Les pratiques spécifiques parentales (engagement, pratiques parentales appropriée, supervision, punitions corporelles, discipline appropriée, discipline sévère et incohérente, discipline verbale positive, félicitations et récompenses, et les attentes claires) et les aspects du fonctionnement familial (communication, résolution de problèmes, rôles dans la famille, sensibilité affective, engagement affectif, contrôle comportemental) ont été examinés par rapport à l'inattention et d'hyperactivité. Trente-six enfants de 6 à 9 ans et leurs parents ont participé à une étude longitudinale de 5 ans. Il y a un manque d'études longitudinales dans ce domaine et cette étude vise à combler cette lacune. Les résultats ne montrent pas de résultats significatifs dans la relation entre les pratiques parentales utilisées dans l'enfance et les symptômes principaux de l'hyperactivité et l'inattention à l'adolescence. Les études futures devraient se concentrer sur la relation entre la psychopathologie parentale et les principaux symptômes du TDAH de l'enfance à l'adolescence, ainsi que l'impact des pratiques parentales sur ces principaux symptômes. / This study aims to examine the relationship between parenting practices used in childhood on one hand and the core symptoms of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence on the other hand. Specific parenting practices ( involvement, positive parenting, monitoring/supervision, corporal punishment, appropriate discipline, harsh and inconsistent discipline, positive verbal discipline, praise and incentives and clear expectations) and aspects of family functioning were examined ( communication, problem solving, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavioural control and general functioning) in relation to inattention and hyperactivity. The sample consisted of 36 participants involved in a 5 year study from childhood (6 to 9 years old) to adolescence (11 to 14 years old). The results do not show significant results in the relationship between parenting practices used in childhood and the core symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention in adolescence. There is a lack of longitudinal studies in this area and this study attempts to fill in this gap. However despite a lack of significant results, past research suggests an important relationship between parental psychopathology, which has been linked with ineffective parenting practices and the persistence of ADHD from childhood to adolescence. Future studies should focus on the relationship between parental psychopathology and the core symptoms of ADHD from childhood to adolescence, as well as the impact of parenting practices on these core symptoms.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Pereira Fernandes.pdf: 6063124 bytes, checksum: 6eb245dc619fecc0944b24ee430dbb05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / Studies have indicated parental involvement and lack of appropriate contingencies to a behavioral repertoire Pro Knowing relevant variables in states of low academic performance, highlighting the importance of parental guidance in the management of these contingencies. The objective of this research was to determine whether orientation meetings with instructions on behavior analysis and behavioral repertoire planning Pro Knowing, could contribute to a parent whose child has below-average academic performance, should plan strategies that would help the child improve the behavior of study. We conducted a case study with the parent of a student of 13 years, enrolled in the 8th year of a private school in Cuiabá-MT. Initially was done an interview with the father, he replied to a questionnaire, two teachers filled out an evaluation of the student's behavior and the last test was used for school performance. Then the meetings were held with the father, and later repeated the initial procedures. After the proposed intervention, notice a few changes in parenting practices, the amount of notes on the agenda, as well as the assessment that teachers make about the student's behavior, but the same amount of grades remain below average / Estudos vêm apontando o envolvimento parental e a falta de contingências adequadas a um repertório comportamental Pró Saber como variáveis relevantes em quadros de baixo rendimento escolar, destacando a importância da orientação dos pais no manejo dessas contingências. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar se encontros de orientação, com instruções sobre análise do comportamento e planejamento de repertório comportamental Pró Saber, poderiam colaborar para que um pai, cujo filho que apresenta rendimento escolar abaixo da média, planejasse estratégias que auxiliassem o filho a aprimorar o comportamento de estudar. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com o pai de um aluno de 13 anos, matriculado no 8º ano de uma escola particular de Cuiabá-MT. Inicialmente foi realizada uma entrevista com o pai, este respondeu a um questionário, dois professores preencheram uma avaliação do comportamento do aluno e neste último foi aplicado o teste de desempenho escolar. Em seguida foram realizados os encontros com o pai e, posteriormente, repetidos os procedimentos iniciais. Após a intervenção proposta, notam-se algumas mudanças nas práticas parentais, na quantidade de anotações na agenda, bem como na avaliação que os professores fazem sobre o comportamento do aluno, mas a mesma quantidade de notas abaixo da média permanece

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Educardo Granetto.pdf: 525530 bytes, checksum: 2fdd1c1f0f3d7f8f2031c3e31b532062 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / Parenting practices are defined as mannering classrooms emitted by the parents which have the purpose to suppress undesirable behavior and stimulate the occurrence of proper behaviors on children (use of explanations, punishment or rewards). Thus, this work has as a goal describing parenting practices reported by the young people interned in a rehabilitation institute for chemical dependents and arguing, based in other researches, the possible contingency relations between parental practices and the participants behavior. Nine adolescents of both sexes, all of them single, between 17 and 21 years old, coming from biparental families, participated in this research. An identification file, containing information about the age and sex of the participants, their and the parental couple s scholarship and occupancy, the family income, the beginning of consuming psychoactive substances, the consummation of the last month before the internship and if there were former internships; a device (Familiar Interaction Quality Scales EQIF) and a semistructured interview were used for data acquisition. The results have showned that most part of the analysed sample was inserted in a family environment considered risky to the development of anti-social behavior, for they were parents that didn t use positive practices as the fatherhood involvment, efficient supervision and monitoring, dialogue with the children, but frequently negative practices, mainly verbal punishment and negative communication, thus characterizing an coercive family environment. The actual research has showned the importance of family, specially in parenting practices and in development of behavior problems on children, as drugs addiction. / As pr?ticas educativas parentais s?o definidas como classes comportamentais emitidas pelos pais que t?m o objetivo de suprimir comportamentos indesej?veis e incentivar a ocorr?ncia de comportamentos adequados nos filhos (uso de explica??es, de puni??es ou de recompensas). Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as pr?ticas parentais relatadas por jovens internados numa institui??o de recupera??o de dependentes qu?micos e discutir com base em outras pesquisas, as poss?veis rela??es de conting?ncia entre as pr?ticas parentais e o comportamento dos participantes. Participaram desta pesquisa nove adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, solteiros, com idades entre 17 a 21 anos, oriundos de fam?lias biparentais. Para obten??o dos dados foi utilizado ficha de identifica??o contendo dados sobre a idade e sexo dos participantes, a escolaridade e ocupa??o dos sujeitos e do casal parental, a renda familiar, o inicio de consumo de subst?ncias psicoativas, o consumo no ?ltimo m?s que antecedeu a interna??o e se houveram interna??es anteriores; um instrumento (Escalas de Qualidade de Intera??o Familiar EQIF) e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos participantes da amostra estudada estava inserida em um ambiente familiar de risco para o desenvolvimento de condutas anti-sociais, pois eram pais que n?o utilizavam pr?ticas positivas como o envolvimento paterno, supervis?o e monitoria eficazes e di?logo com os filhos, mas utilizavam freq?entemente pr?ticas negativas, principalmente a puni??o verbal e a comunica??o negativa, caracterizando assim um ambiente familiar coercitivo. A presente pesquisa demonstrou a import?ncia da fam?lia, em especial das pr?ticas educativas, no desenvolvimento de problemas de comportamento nos filhos como o uso e depend?ncia de drogas.

Estudos em diferentes ambientes socioculturais têm mostrado uma incidência de depressão em 10 a 20% das mulheres. Dentre as decorrências relevantes do quadro, tem havido um interesse especial nos potenciais comprometimentos da interação mãebebê no desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional da criança, que repercutem no desenvolvimento do seu comportamento prossocial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, através de tarefas de ajuda instrumental, se a depressão materna afeta o desenvolvimento do comportamento prossocial de crianças de três anos de idade. Participantes: 24 díades mães-criança: 12 mães nunca deprimidas, seis mães sempre deprimidas e seis mães com depressão atual quando as crianças estavam com a idade de 36 meses (M=37±2,8 meses). As mães estavam com a idade média de 25 anos (M=25,87±5,23) e foram avaliadas pela escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo, no momento da aplicação dos testes e no puerpério. Foi filmado o desempenho das crianças em tarefas de: 1) ajudar a mãe, pessoa familiar, a recolher os brinquedos, depois de uma sessão de brincadeira e 2) ajudar experimentador, desconhecido, a pegar objeto que ele deixa cair ao solo. Os resultados não apresentaram diferenças significativas estatísticas quanto aos tipos de comandos maternos, contudo mostraram uma sensível diminuição das explicações e variações de comportamentos nas mães \"sempre deprimidas\" e com \"depressão atual\". As crianças de mães \"sempre deprimidas\" ignoraram mais suas mães, enquanto as crianças de mães com \"depressão atual\" e \"nunca deprimidas\" forneceram mais recusas simples, uma forma mais madura de negação. As crianças de mães com \"depressão atual\" ajudaram o experimentador em 100% dos casos com diferença estatística significativa com os outros dois grupos, utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado. Concluímos que a depressão materna influenciou algumas das respostas das crianças, especificamente quanto à pessoa desconhecida. Evidentemente, a mãe, além de conhecida, ocupa lugar central na constelação afetiva da criança e isto deve ser levado em conta na discussão. Ainda assim a familiaridade parece relevante neste contraste de efeitos da depressão materna: a maior colaboração com a pessoa estranha pelas crianças de mães com depressão atual pode representar necessidade de ser aceito ou culpa. Os resultados são compatíveis com a suposição de que a condição de depressão afeta de modo complexo os processos subjacentes à interação social com pessoas não conhecidas e com a mãe / Studies in different socio-cultural environments have shown incidence of depression, especially postpartum (DPP) 10 to 20% among women. In between the relevant consequences of the context, there has been a special interest for the potential compromise of the mother-infant interaction and in childs cognitive and emotional development, which could delay the development of prosocial behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through instrumental help tasks, whether maternal depression affects the development of prosocial behavior in three years children. Participants were: 24 mother-infant dyads: 12 mothers \"never depressed\", six mothers \"always depressed\" and six mothers with \"current depression\", when the children were at the age of 36 months (M = 37 ± 2.8 months). The mothers were with the average age of 25 years (M = 25.87 ± 5.23) and were evaluated by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale, at the time of application testing and puerperium. the children\'s performance were recorded on tasks of: 1) help the mother, a family person, collecting toys after a play session and 2) help the experimenter, unknown, to catch object he drops to the ground. The results showed no significant statistical differences regarding maternal commands, however, a significant decrease of the explanations and mothers behavioral changes for \"always depressed\" and \"current depression.\" Children of mothers \"always depressed\" most ignored their mothers, while children of mothers with \"current depression\" and \"never depressed\" provided more simple denials, a more mature form of denial. Children of mothers with \"current depression\" assisted the experimenter in 100% of cases with statistically significant differences between the other two groups, using the chi-square test. We conclude that maternal depression has influenced some of the children\'s responses, specifically as to the unknown person. Of course, the mother, as known, occupies a central place in the constellation of affective child and this must be taken into account in the discussion. Yet this familiarity seems relevant contrast effects of maternal depression: increased collaboration with the stranger by the children of mothers with depression may represent current need to be accepted or guilt. The results are compatible with the assumption that the condition of depression affects so complex processes underlying the social interaction with people is not known and the mother

Estudos em diferentes ambientes socioculturais têm mostrado uma incidência de depressão em 10 a 20% das mulheres. Dentre as decorrências relevantes do quadro, tem havido um interesse especial nos potenciais comprometimentos da interação mãebebê no desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional da criança, que repercutem no desenvolvimento do seu comportamento prossocial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, através de tarefas de ajuda instrumental, se a depressão materna afeta o desenvolvimento do comportamento prossocial de crianças de três anos de idade. Participantes: 24 díades mães-criança: 12 mães nunca deprimidas, seis mães sempre deprimidas e seis mães com depressão atual quando as crianças estavam com a idade de 36 meses (M=37±2,8 meses). As mães estavam com a idade média de 25 anos (M=25,87±5,23) e foram avaliadas pela escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo, no momento da aplicação dos testes e no puerpério. Foi filmado o desempenho das crianças em tarefas de: 1) ajudar a mãe, pessoa familiar, a recolher os brinquedos, depois de uma sessão de brincadeira e 2) ajudar experimentador, desconhecido, a pegar objeto que ele deixa cair ao solo. Os resultados não apresentaram diferenças significativas estatísticas quanto aos tipos de comandos maternos, contudo mostraram uma sensível diminuição das explicações e variações de comportamentos nas mães \"sempre deprimidas\" e com \"depressão atual\". As crianças de mães \"sempre deprimidas\" ignoraram mais suas mães, enquanto as crianças de mães com \"depressão atual\" e \"nunca deprimidas\" forneceram mais recusas simples, uma forma mais madura de negação. As crianças de mães com \"depressão atual\" ajudaram o experimentador em 100% dos casos com diferença estatística significativa com os outros dois grupos, utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado. Concluímos que a depressão materna influenciou algumas das respostas das crianças, especificamente quanto à pessoa desconhecida. Evidentemente, a mãe, além de conhecida, ocupa lugar central na constelação afetiva da criança e isto deve ser levado em conta na discussão. Ainda assim a familiaridade parece relevante neste contraste de efeitos da depressão materna: a maior colaboração com a pessoa estranha pelas crianças de mães com depressão atual pode representar necessidade de ser aceito ou culpa. Os resultados são compatíveis com a suposição de que a condição de depressão afeta de modo complexo os processos subjacentes à interação social com pessoas não conhecidas e com a mãe / Studies in different socio-cultural environments have shown incidence of depression, especially postpartum (DPP) 10 to 20% among women. In between the relevant consequences of the context, there has been a special interest for the potential compromise of the mother-infant interaction and in childs cognitive and emotional development, which could delay the development of prosocial behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through instrumental help tasks, whether maternal depression affects the development of prosocial behavior in three years children. Participants were: 24 mother-infant dyads: 12 mothers \"never depressed\", six mothers \"always depressed\" and six mothers with \"current depression\", when the children were at the age of 36 months (M = 37 ± 2.8 months). The mothers were with the average age of 25 years (M = 25.87 ± 5.23) and were evaluated by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale, at the time of application testing and puerperium. the children\'s performance were recorded on tasks of: 1) help the mother, a family person, collecting toys after a play session and 2) help the experimenter, unknown, to catch object he drops to the ground. The results showed no significant statistical differences regarding maternal commands, however, a significant decrease of the explanations and mothers behavioral changes for \"always depressed\" and \"current depression.\" Children of mothers \"always depressed\" most ignored their mothers, while children of mothers with \"current depression\" and \"never depressed\" provided more simple denials, a more mature form of denial. Children of mothers with \"current depression\" assisted the experimenter in 100% of cases with statistically significant differences between the other two groups, using the chi-square test. We conclude that maternal depression has influenced some of the children\'s responses, specifically as to the unknown person. Of course, the mother, as known, occupies a central place in the constellation of affective child and this must be taken into account in the discussion. Yet this familiarity seems relevant contrast effects of maternal depression: increased collaboration with the stranger by the children of mothers with depression may represent current need to be accepted or guilt. The results are compatible with the assumption that the condition of depression affects so complex processes underlying the social interaction with people is not known and the mother

Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva / Resumo: O abuso sexual causa impactos para a vítima e sua família, o que pode levar a alterações de comportamento e gerar consequências para a saúde mental. No caso das mães das vítimas, estas consequências podem interferir nas práticas parentais e no relacionamento com os filhos. As habilidades sociais educativas contribuem para o responsável agir de forma mais adequada mesmo em contextos adversos, como diante da ocorrência do abuso sexual. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever e comparar as práticas parentais (habilidades sociais educativas, práticas educativas negativas e variáveis de contexto), a saúde mental (sintomas de ansiedade e depressão) de mães de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual e o repertório comportamental (habilidades sociais e os problemas de comportamento) dos filhos, de acordo com o relato das mães sobre as crianças. Participaram da pesquisa 13 mães de crianças com idades entre três e onze anos, que foram encaminhadas ao CREAS de uma cidade do interior paulista devido à ocorrência ou indício de abuso sexual infantil. Foram utilizados seis instrumentos: I- Roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado para responsáveis de crianças sobre a situação de abuso sexual; II- Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (RE-HSE-P); III- Checklist de Habilidades Sociais Educativas e de Práticas Negativas para Pais; IV- Inventário de Comportamentos da Infância e Adolescência (CBCL); V- Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e VI- Inventário de Depress... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Parent training programs are widely used to remediate ineffective strategies being used by parents of children with maladaptive behaviors. While there are a multitude of parenting workshops available, it has been estimated that over half have no established effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to advance our knowledge regarding the effects of modeling and role-playing (in an experimentally controlled design), used to supplement the parent workshop called “Winning at Parenting” and enhance development of adaptive parenting skills of participants. This study trained parents in the behavioral techniques of clear communication, differential attention, and time-out procedures via modeling by the instructor, roleplaying with the parents, and instructor feedback to parents. A multiple-baseline design across four participants was used in an experimentally controlled manner to demonstrate the positive effect of modeling and role-playing on the development of these adaptive skills in a parent training program. Two research questions were analyzed. The first considered whether participants would increase their use of adaptive parenting strategies via modeling, role-playing and instructor feedback, within the multiple baseline design. The results clearly showed a mean increase in correct demonstration of each target behavior for each parent only after the treatment condition was introduced, indicating a significant treatment effect. Furthermore, because there was no overlap of data points from baseline to treatment, changes in level were evident, providing a strong case that behavior was changed due to treatment effects. Although trend of the behaviors in baseline varied, data points in the treatment phase for each target behavior for each parent made such a dramatic and immediate jump that they each were indicative of a treatment effect. These findings are consistent with previous research demonstrating that the use of modeling and roleplaying are superior to readings and lecture-style for parent training programs. The second question considered whether or not parent’s ratings of competence, depression, and life stress, as measured on the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), would change as a result of the intervention. Results showed no clear trends in data for the effects of treatment on the PSI scores.

Selon plusieurs études, il y aurait une certaine association des comportements déviants à travers le temps et à travers les générations. Peu importe l’angle d’analyse, le fait que la délinquance soit liée d’une génération à une autre semble confirmé par plusieurs recherches empiriques. Cela étant dit, cette étude met à l’épreuve le modèle suggérant un lien intergénérationnel entre les comportements délinquants des adolescents et de leurs parents. En utilisant des données longitudinales recueillies auprès de 1037 garçons provenant de quartiers défavorisés d’une grande ville canadienne, nous examinons les comportements violents et les comportements de vol de ces adolescents alors qu’ils étaient âgés entre 11 et 17 ans tout en examinant l’effet du passé criminel de la mère et du père. Par la suite, diverses variables médiatrices familiales telles que la supervision inadéquate des parents, la punition erratique des parents et l’attachement à la famille sont ajoutées aux modèles pour évaluer leur part explicative dans cette association statistique. En réalisant deux modèles multiniveaux paramétriques, soit un pour chaque type de délinquance, les résultats de l’analyse permettent de constater d’une part, qu’un lien est observé entre les comportements violents des garçons et la présence d’un dossier criminel chez la mère et d’autre part, que la criminalité du père n’est pas associée aux comportements délinquants des garçons. Également, bien que la supervision parentale explique légèrement ce lien, les facteurs familiaux inclus dans l’analyse ne parviennent pas à expliquer en totalité cette relation entre la criminalité de la mère et les comportements délinquants de leurs garçons. Enfin, bien que la puissance statistique des données limite partiellement les conclusions générales, nous discutons des implications théoriques de ces résultats. / Various studies have shown substantial stability in deviant behaviour over time and across generations. Irrespective of the type of analysis, the fact that adolescence deviance is linked to their parent criminal behaviour seems to have reached a certain consensus among researchers. The aim of this study was to test the theory of intergenerational continuity in delinquency. Using longitudinal data collected from 1,037 male youths in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in a large Canadian city, we examined self-reported violent behaviours and perpetration of theft among these adolescents when they were 11 to 17 years of age, in light of the criminal record of their mother and father. Child and parental characteristics were then added to the model to explore intergenerational influences. The results of conducting two parametric analyses, one for each type of delinquent behaviour, showed that violent behaviours occurred when the mother had a criminal record, yet the father’s criminal record had no influence on violent behaviours. Child and parental factors were unable to totally explain these results. Despite some statistical limitations related to the sparseness of the parent criminal data, the findings are discussed and theoretical advances are presented.