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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Going further with direct visual servoing / Aller plus loin avec les asservissements visuels directs

Bateux, Quentin 12 February 2018 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les techniques d'asservissement visuel (AV), critiques pour de nombreuses applications de vision robotique et insistons principalement sur les AV directs. Afin d'améliorer l'état de l'art des méthodes directes, nous nous intéressons à plusieurs composantes des lois de contrôle d'AV traditionnelles. Nous proposons d'abord un cadre générique pour considérer l'histogramme comme une nouvelle caractéristique visuelle. Cela permet de définir des lois de contrôle efficaces en permettant de choisir parmi n'importe quel type d'histogramme pour décrire des images, depuis l'histogramme d'intensité à l'histogramme couleur, en passant par les histogrammes de Gradients Orientés. Une nouvelle loi d'asservissement visuel direct est ensuite proposée, basée sur un filtre particulaire pour remplacer la partie optimisation des tâches d'AV classiques, permettant d'accomplir des tâches associées à des fonctions de coûts hautement non linéaires et non convexes. L'estimation du filtre particulaire peut être calculée en temps réel à l'aide de techniques de transfert d'images permettant d'évaluer les mouvements de caméra associés aux déplacements des caractéristiques visuelles considérées dans l'image. Enfin, nous présentons une nouvelle manière de modéliser le problème de l'AV en utilisant l'apprentissage profond et les réseaux neuronaux convolutifs pour pallier à la difficulté de modélisation des problèmes non convexes via les méthodes analytiques classiques. En utilisant des techniques de transfert d'images, nous proposons une méthode permettant de générer rapidement des ensembles de données d'apprentissage de grande taille afin d'affiner des architectures de réseau pré-entraînés sur des tâches connexes, et résoudre des tâches d'AV. Nous montrons que cette méthode peut être appliquée à la fois pour modéliser des scènes connues, et plus généralement peut être utilisée pour modéliser des estimations de pose relative entre des couples de points de vue pris de scènes arbitraires. / In this thesis we focus on visual servoing (VS) techniques, critical for many robotic vision applications and we focus mainly on direct VS. In order to improve the state-of-the-art of direct methods, we tackle several components of traditional VS control laws. We first propose a method to consider histograms as a new visual servoing feature. It allows the definition of efficient control laws by allowing to choose from any type of his tograms to describe images, from intensity to color histograms, or Histograms of Oriented Gradients. A novel direct visual servoing control law is then proposed, based on a particle filter to perform the optimization part of visual servoing tasks, allowing to accomplish tasks associated with highly non-linear and non-convex cost functions. The Particle Filter estimate can be computed in real-time through the use of image transfer techniques to evaluate camera motions associated to suitable displacements of the considered visual features in the image. Lastly, we present a novel way of modeling the visual servoing problem through the use of deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks to alleviate the difficulty to model non-convex problems through classical analytic methods. By using image transfer techniques, we propose a method to generate quickly large training datasets in order to fine-tune existing network architectures to solve VS tasks.We shows that this method can be applied both to model known static scenes, or more generally to model relative pose estimations between couples of viewpoints from arbitrary scenes.
72

A “Arte Aperfeiçoada” da política e os “Homens como eles são”: contradição no homem e o conflito entre vontade particular e vontade geral em J.-J. Rousseau

Coletti, Luciana 13 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-18T15:59:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Coletti_.pdf: 1158490 bytes, checksum: 99428ac1026c42db8c31f986773614e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T15:59:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Coletti_.pdf: 1158490 bytes, checksum: 99428ac1026c42db8c31f986773614e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Nenhuma / O contato com a obra de Rousseau nos permite observar a constante tensão entre o nível ideal, os “princípios do direito político”, e o real, o âmbito dos “homens tais como são”. Abordar o tema do conflito entre vontade particular e geral implica na tentativa de explicitar o efetivo alcance das correlações decorrentes de sua concepção antropológica para sua filosofia política, sem perder de vista a necessária passagem entre normatividade e factualidade. Trata-se, portanto, de analisar as implicações decorrentes da antropologia dualista de Rousseau, para o contexto da sua filosofia política, em particular, para resolver os conflitos entre vontade particular e vontade geral. Para esta análise, buscou-se reconstruir o percurso argumentativo de Rousseau apontando os desdobramentos consequentes de sua concepção de natureza humana para a resolução dos conflitos e a efetivação da República. Pretende-se, com esta pesquisa, demonstrar que tendo assumido como ponto de partida de sua filosofia política os “homens tais como são”, e por apresentar uma concepção dualista para a natureza humana, “o homem não é ser simples”, Rousseau não poderia chegar a outro resultado senão o de colocar sob condições a resolução dos conflitos, uma possiblidade real, mas caracterizada pela provisoriedade. Os conflitos entre vontade particular e geral, causa da desordem social, tem origem na dificuldade que os homens reais têm de superar a contradição, ou seja, de harmonizar internamente “inclinações naturais”, com “deveres civis”, a voz das paixões que se contrapõe à da razão e consciência. Neste contexto, emerge a própria finitude do Estado, obra de arte, visto que a efetivação do ideal da República e do cidadão virtuoso, capaz de livre e racionalmente submeter-se à vontade geral, resultante dos interesses individuais históricos e contextuais, se dá sempre tendo por pressuposto o campo real da diversidade, da fraqueza e da imperfeição da natureza humana. / The contact with Rousseau’s work allows us to observe the constant tension between the ideal level, the “principles of political right”, and the reality, the subject of “men as they are”. Approaching the theme of conflict between private and general will implicates on the attempt of explaining the effective reach of the correlations resulted of its anthropological conception to its political philosophy, without missing the necessary passage between normativity and factuality. It is, therefore, about analyzing the resulting correlations of Rousseau’s dualist anthropology in the context of his political philosophy, in particular to solve conflicts between private and general will. For this analysis, we sought to reconstruct Rousseau’s argumentative path, pointing the resulting developments of his conception of human nature for the resolution of conflict and the effectuation of the Republic. With this research, we intend to demonstrate that taking his “men as they are” political philosophy as the starting point, and presenting a dualist conception of human nature, “the man is not a simple being”, Rousseau could not have reached another result if not the one of a real possibility, but described by its provisory character. The conflicts between private and general will, cause of social disorder, have their origin in the difficulty real men have of overcoming contradiction, in other words, of internally harmonizing the “natural inclinations”, with “civil duties”, the voice of passions that counters reason and conscience. In this context, the own finitude of the State emerges, as a work of art, considering the effectuation of the Republic’s ideal and the virtuous citizen, capable of submitting themselves out of free will and rationality to the general will, resulting from the historical and contextual individual interests, always assuming the real diversity field, the weakness and imperfection of human nature.
73

On the Shape Parameter of the MFS-MPS Scheme

Lin, Guo-Hwa 23 August 2010 (has links)
In this paper, we use the newly developed method of particular solution (MPS) and one-stage method of fundamental solution (MFS-MPS) for solving partial differential equation (PDE). In the 1-D Poisson equation, we prove the solution of MFS-MPS is converge to Spectral Collocation Method using Polynomial, and show that the numerical solution similar to those of using the method of particular solution (MPS), Kansa's method, and Spectral Collocation Method using Polynomial (SCMP). In 2-D, we also test these results for the Poisson equation and find the error behaviors.
74

Uncertainty Assessment For The Evaluation Of Net Present Value Of A Mineral Deposit

Erdem, Omer 01 December 2008 (has links) (PDF)
The profitability of a mineral deposit can be concluded by the comparison of net present values (NPV) of all revenues and expenditures. In the estimation of NPV of a mineral deposit, many parameters are used. The parameters are uncertain. More accurate and reliable NPV estimation can be done with considering the related uncertainties. This study investigates the probability distributions of uncertain variables in estimation of NPV and evaluation of NPV using Monte Carlo simulation. @Risk 4.5.7 software package is used to apply Monte Carlo simulation method. At the end of the study, all possible net present values and their probabilities are given as a probability distribution. Derek&ouml / y copper ore reserve is selected to apply uncertainty assessment in NPV of ore reserves. The reserve is evaluated using both conventional polygonal method and a mining software which is Micromine. The southeastern part of the reserve was selected as a study area because average grade of the reserve is relatively low and the reserve extends to a larger area. At the end of the assessment, NPV of the southeastern part of Derek&ouml / y ore reserve was found to be between $77.97&times / 106 and $318.78&times / 106 with 68.27% (x&plusmn / &amp / #963 / ) probability and between &ndash / $45.37&times / 106 and $443.54&times / 106 with 95.45% probability (x&plusmn / 2&amp / #963 / ).
75

A Decision Support System For Electricity Generation Investment

Alpagut, Merih Ayse 01 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
In the recent years, ongoing debates in the mineral sector has shown that efficient use of natural resources is of vital importance as the use of minerals is essential for modern living. Especially, in the context of sustainable development, it is required that mineral resources should be exploited to maximize the contribution to the well being of current generation without depriving the potential for future generations to meet their own needs. The aim of this thesis is to develop a decision support system using system dynamics methodology where
76

Aprendizagem musical em família no contexto da aula particular de violão: um estudo de caso

Mattiuci, Barbara 27 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-05T15:30:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3507224 bytes, checksum: 3b0d7ca4a43917b15390e3ac97005e72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T15:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3507224 bytes, checksum: 3b0d7ca4a43917b15390e3ac97005e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study is a master's research in the field of music education concerning the subject area of family musical learning. The research has the objective of understanding the process of family musical learning involving mother and daughter, having as locus the private guitar lesson held in the very home of the participants. The method used was a case study in a qualitative approach for it is understood that this method is suitable when you want to comprehend a certain context in its complexity and uniqueness. This research is based on the sociology of music education since it refers to the musical practices present in this study as a social fact, where music shouldn’t be descontextualized from its sócio-cultural means. Furthermore, this study was built on the understanding of family as a potential space for musical learning. Thus, investigates issues related to the family environment in the process of learning music, and musical preferences and influences in this field, as well as the peculiarities of this family musical learning. The study revealed the strong presence of music in this family environment, articulated to the variety of social and cultural settings frequented by the students. Regarding the guitar class, the survey revealed that this class provides great musical influences to all of the family members, through a silent learning. Moreover, the musical learning has also been revealed in the moments of integration between mother and daughters, through the musical games performed during the classes, accentuating the presence of music in this family. / O presente estudo trata de uma pesquisa de mestrado na área da educação musical no campo temático da aprendizagem musical em família. A pesquisa tem por objetivo geral compreender o processo de aprendizagem musical em família envolvendo mãe e filha, tendo por locus a aula particular de violão realizada na própria casa das participantes. O método adotado foi um estudo de caso em uma abordagem qualitativa por entender que esse método é próprio quando se quer interpretar um determinado contexto na sua complexidade e singularidade. Esta pesquisa tem como alicerce a sociologia da educação musical referindo-se as práticas musicais presentes neste estudo como um fato social, onde a música não deve ser descontextualizada do seu meio sociocultural. Além disso, esse estudo foi construído entendendo a família como um espaço potencial de aprendizagem musical. Assim, investiga questões referentes ao processo de aprendizagem musical no ambiente familiar, bem como o ensino de música em família em um contexto de aula particular de violão. O estudo revelou a forte existência da música neste ambiente familiar, articuladas aos diversos espaços sociais e culturais frequentados pelas alunas. Em relação à aula de violão, a pesquisa revelou que essa aula proporciona grandes influências musicais a todos os membros dessa família, por meio de uma aprendizagem silenciosa. Ademais, a aprendizagem musical também se revelou nos momentos de integração entre mãe e filhas, através das brincadeiras musicais realizadas durante as aulas, acentuando a presença da música nessa família.
77

Vulnerabilidade da paisagem pantaneira: estudo de caso da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sesc Pantanal e entorno / Vulnerability of the pantaneira landscape: case study of the Sesc Pantanal Private Reserve of Natural Heritage and around

Cristina Cuiabália Rodrigues Pimentel Neves 10 March 2015 (has links)
Os impactos negativos das atividades humanas no ambiente vêm historicamente acelerando a transformação e a degradação das paisagens no mundo. Atualmente, a questão socioambiental vem sendo colocada em pauta diante deste cenário, fazendo com que a implantação de reservas naturais protegidas ganhe importância, pois constituem um dos pilares da proteção da biodiversidade, contribuindo sobremaneira na manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos gerados pelos processos naturais. Mesmo com os avanços e benefícios desta estratégia de conservação in situ, há desafios a serem superados. Em linhas gerais, as ameaças às áreas naturais protegidas variam amplamente conforme o contexto, porém, as consequências geralmente conduzem à fragmentação, degradação e perda de hábitat em seu entorno ou podem ainda atingir diretamente as reservas. Nesta direção, a presente pesquisa tem como área de estudo a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Sesc Pantanal e seu entorno, sendo esta a mais extensa unidade de conservação do Brasil nesta categoria, localizada no município de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso. O objetivo geral deste estudo visa compreender os elementos da paisagem pantaneira no âmbito da RPPN e seu entorno, para verificar as causas e os efeitos das principais pressões e ameaças à sua conservação, visando identificar áreas vulneráveis e propor mecanismos de monitoramento. Portanto, esta pesquisa, de caráter aplicado, poderá auxiliar no processo de gestão da RPPN contribuindo para o planejamento e conservação da paisagem. Sendo uma pesquisa essencialmente interdisciplinar, os métodos e procedimentos operacionais foram definidos a partir da articulação entre abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. Com relação à natureza das fontes de informações, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento de dados secundários e os dados primários foram obtidos através de pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo com os sujeitos envolvidos por meio de diferentes técnicas, tais como: observação direta, análise documental, entrevistas não dirigidas e semi-estruturadas e oficinas de planejamento. A análise dos dados teve como apoio os recursos da cartografia digital, da multirreferencialidade, ou triangulação, das observações, escutas (entrevistas) e fala (oficina de planejamento). Como principal base conceitual, esta pesquisa faz uso da noção da paisagem cultural para compreender as dimensões nas quais as áreas naturais protegidas se inserem, incorporando aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. No contexto amplo brasileiro, foram identificados 18 tipos de pressões e ameaças relacionadas às unidades de conservação e seu entorno, dos quais 07 estão presentes na área de estudo, quais sejam: desmatamento; remoção de fauna; pesca predatória; turismo e recreação; deposição de resíduos; incêndios de origem antrópica e narcotráfico. Quanto ao grau de importância de cada aspecto, os levantamentos indicaram a pesca predatória e o narcotráfico como as mais relevantes ameaças à proteção da paisagem em estudo. Portanto, os resultados demonstraram um campo heterogêneo quanto aos pontos de vistas relacionados à conservação da paisagem, possibilitando desvelar aspectos significativos, porém até então obscuros da vulnerabilidade, para a definição das estratégias de conservação efetiva na Reserva, indo além de suas fronteiras espaciais e do alcance de sua capacidade de gestão. / Anthropogenic negative impacts on the environment have catalyzed landscape transformation and degradation over time. In the present time, social-environmental issues have been more and more addressed facing this scenario. Thus the implementation of nature reserves have become more relevant, once it constitutes one of the main pillars of biodiversity protection, and so highly contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Despite all benefits coming from this in situ conservation strategy, there is a range of challenges to be overcome. In general, threats towards nature reserves vary according to the context in which they are inserted. However their consequences usually lead to fragmentation, degradation and habitat loss in its surroundings and within the nature reserve itself. The present work\'s study site was the Sesc Pantanal Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH, or RPPN - Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural), the largest in Brazil in its category, located in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço, state of Mato Grosso. This work aimed the understanding of landscape elements within the PRNH and its surroundings through the verification of cause-effect mechanisms amongst the main pressures and threats to its conservation, and so identifying vulnerable areas and proposing monitoring strategy suggestions. Therefore, this applied research might assist in the management of the Sesc Pantanal PRNH, specifically concearning planning and landscape conservation. The interdisciplinary character of this work demanded both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Secondary data were accessible through literature consultation. Primary data were acquired through a documentation survey and the field surveys with different stakeholders (e.g., direct observation, unguided interviews, semi structured interviews, and planning workshops). Data analysis has been supported by digital cartography and triangulation of field-acquired data. The adopted conceptual framework is based on the idea of cultural landscape, allowing the comprehension of social, environmental and economic aspects related to the nature reserve. The study has found 18 types of pressures and threats to conservation units in Brazil, from which 07 of them influence the study site: deforestation; fauna suppression; predatory fishing; tourism and recreation; waste disposal; anthropic-related fires; and illegal drug trade. The most relevant impacts in the area were predatory fishing and illegal drug trade. According to the present study, the conservation of this particular landscape relies on heterogeneous elements, what unveils its vulnerability and enables the development of more effective conservation strategies that pervade the PRNH itself and its management capacity.
78

As estratégias de escolarização primária na cidade de Rio Claro - São Paulo (1889-1920) / Strategies from primary schooling In the city of Rio Claro - São Paulo (1889-1920)

Daniela Cristina Lopes de Abreu 24 October 2013 (has links)
O presente trabalho As Estratégias de Escolarização Primária na cidade de Rio Claro São Paulo (1889-1920), busca mapear as organizações escolares na primeira república, procurando analisa-las nas suas múltiplas estratégias de escolarização primária. A partir da lei da obrigatoriedade do ensino (1874), procuramos entender como as cidades do interior paulista se organizaram para atender a esta imposição legal. O recorte temporal (1889 1920) foi escolhido por tratar-se de uma fase de efervescência na república, principalmente na difusão da escola primária, em 1920, a Reforma Sampaio Dória é indicada como marco delimitador para observar como estas estratégias foram sendo forjadas, por se constituir em um projeto que vai redefinir a estrutura educacional paulista do período, diminuindo o tempo de escolarização oficial ampliando o número de alunos atendidos. Ao utilizarmos o recurso da micro-história e observar com uma lente de aumento as particularidades dessa cidade interiorana, foi possível identificar a criação dos grupos escolares, a expansão das escolas isoladas, as iniciativas particulares implementadas e os sujeitos que circularam nesses espaços. Desta forma, ficou evidente que a escolarização primária nas cidades do interior não estava centrada nos grupos escolares. Os municípios tiveram um papel importante no processo de escolarização e a as escolas isoladas, sejam estas municipais ou estaduais, assim como a iniciativa particular foram fundamentais para atender a população que estava nos locais mais distantes do centro urbano. Reconhecer o papel das organizações civis imigrantes, negros, operários etc e suas reivindicações educacionais, possibilitou discutir a escolarização em sentido mais amplo. Assim, foi possível encontrar uma multiplicidade de estratégias de escolarização primária em Rio Claro, abrindo novas perspectivas de estudos. / This paper \"Strategies for Primary Schooling in the city of Rio Claro - São Paulo (1889-1920)\", seeks to map the school organizations in the first republic, looking analyzes them in its multiple strategies for primary schooling. After of the law of compulsory education (1874), we seek to understand how the cities inside state of São Paulo organized to meet this statutory requirement. The time frame (1889 - 1920) was chosen because it is a phase of effervescence in the republic, mainly in the difusion of primary school in 1920, the reform of Sampaio Dória is indicated as the delimiter sign for observe how these strategies were being forged, for to be a project that will redefine the educational of São Paulo structure in the period, shortening the time of schooling and increasing the number of students served. By using the feature of the micro-history and observing with a magnifying glass the particularities of this town of inside, was possible to identify creation the school groups, the expansion of individual schools, private initiatives implemented and the subjects that circulated in these spaces. Thus, it became evident that the primary education in the inner cities was not centered in the group schooler. Municipalities had an important role in the schooling process and individual schools, of the state, local or the private initiatives, were essential to meet the people that were most distant from the urban center. Recognize the role of civil organizations - immigrants, blacks, workers etc. - and their educational demands, allowed discuss the schooling with the broadest sense. Thus, it was possible to find a multitude of strategies primary enrollment in Rio Claro, opening new studies perspectives.
79

Reservas particulares do patrimônio natural no Estado do Paraná (Brasil) e as áreas protegidas privadas na Catalunha (Espanha): situação atual, políticas públicas e gestão ambiental / Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony in Paraná state (Brazil) and Private Protected Areas in Catalonia (Spain): current situation, public policies and environmental management

Gustavo Luís Schacht 06 April 2017 (has links)
As unidades de conservação da natureza são a forma mais efetiva de proteção da biodiversidade que se conhece. Legalmente as unidades de conservação podem ser divididas em dois grandes grupos: aquelas de uso sustentável e as de proteção integral ou uso indireto. Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) instituído pela Lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, as Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) são consideradas unidades de conservação privadas de uso sustentável. Na Espanha, a conservação em terras privadas é denominado de Custodia del territorio e se dá por meio de parceria privada entre entidades de custódia e o proprietário, diferentemente do Brasil onde ocorre participação pública. Atualmente na Espanha, o processo de criação destas áreas é previsto pela Ley 42 de 13 de dezembro de 2007, que trata do Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad do país. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal elaborar um panorama atual da conservação em terras privadas no estado do Paraná, Brasil, comparando parcialmente com a conservação privada na Catalunha, Espanha, avaliando a efetividade da gestão destas áreas protegidas no Paraná, para que seja possível apontar possíveis melhorias nos meios de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento das RPPN, tendo em conta a atual demanda ambiental existente. Busca-se ainda entender a dinâmica da relação dessas propriedades privadas de proteção da natureza, com os diferentes órgãos de governo e assim apontar melhorias para a legislação e relação já existentes. Para atingir tal objetivo foram aplicados questionários em 132 RPPN distribuídas pelo Paraná e nove áreas protegidas privadas da Catalunha, e ainda, avaliada a efetividade do manejo aplicado às áreas paranaenses com base na adaptação de uma metodologia já existente. Desta relação atual fica clara a ausência de contato entre proprietário privado e órgãos públicos, bem com a insatisfação de parte dos proprietários de RPPN do Paraná, que criaram estas reservas privadas com expectativas diferentes do que na realidade ocorre, mostrando possivelmente a existência de falha no processo de criação das áreas. Para o caso catalão é possível perceber maior proximidade entre entidades de custódia e proprietário o que reflete em uma gestão mais efetiva destas áreas, além disso, é perceptível a maior utilização destas áreas pela população de seu entorno para atividades de lazer. Também se destaca em algumas áreas visitadas a aplicação de programas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Avaliando a efetividade de manejo das reservas paranaenses é possível constatar que 78% das áreas estão incluídas em um manejo insatisfatório e pouco satisfatório, somando no máximo 50% da nota a ser atingida nesta análise, confirmando a ideia da dificuldade na gestão de áreas protegidas por seus proprietários. / Nature conservation units are the most effective form of biodiversity protection that is known. Legally conservation units can be divided into two large groups: those of sustainable use and those of integral protection or indirect use. According to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) established by Law 9.985 of July 18, 2000, Private Reserves of the Natural Patrimony (RPPN) are considered private conservation units for sustainable use. In Spain, conservation in private lands is called the Custody of the Territory and occurs through a private partnership between custodians and the owner, unlike Brazil where there is public participation. Currently in Spain, the process of creating these areas is provided for by Law 42 of December 13, 2007, which deals with the country\'s Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. This research has as main objective to elaborate a current panorama of the conservation in private lands in the state of Paraná, Brazil, comparing partially with the private conservation in Catalonia, Spain, evaluating the effectiveness of the management of these protected areas in Paraná, so that it is possible to point out possible Improvements in the means of development and management of RPPN, taking into account the existing environmental demand. It also seeks to understand the dynamics of the relationship of these private nature protection properties with the different governing bodies and thus point out improvements to the already existing legislation and relationship. To achieve this objective, questionnaires were applied in 132 RPPN distributed by Paraná and nine private protected areas of Catalonia, and also evaluated the effectiveness of the management applied to the areas of Paraná based on the adaptation of an existing methodology. From this current relationship it is clear the absence of contact between private owner and public agencies, as well as the dissatisfaction of the owners of RPPN of Paraná, who created these private reserves with different expectations of what actually occurs, possibly showing the existence of a failure in the process of creating areas. For the Catalan case, it is possible to perceive a greater proximity between custodial entities and owner, which reflects in a more effective management of these areas, in addition, it is noticeable the greater use of these areas by the population of its surroundings for leisure activities. Also highlighted in some areas visited is the application of payment programs for environmental services. Evaluating the management effectiveness of the Paraná, it is possible to verify that 78% of the areas are included in an unsatisfactory and little quality management, adding a maximum of 50% of the note to be reached in this analysis, confirming the idea of the difficulty in the management of protected areas by their owners.
80

A Comparison of Benthic Habitats and Faunas Between the Miami Terrace (Proposed Calypso Pipeline Site) and the Pourtales Terrace (Coral Habitat of Particular Concern)

Dell, Laura 10 August 2018 (has links)
Quantitative photographs of benthic communities at two northern Miami Terrace sites, originally investigated as part of an environmental impact survey in advance of the proposed Calypso pipeline, and two Pourtalès Terrace sites, investigated as part of an exploration of deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems (DSCEs) within the Pourtalès Terrace Deep-water Coral Habitat Area of Particular Concern (CHAPC), were reanalyzed and compared for similarities and differences. Both terraces are part of an elongated lithified platform that parallels the southeastern Florida coast at depths averaging between 250 and 450 m. Although both sites have similar geological origins and lie under the Florida Current, previous work has suggested that the two terraces support different benthic faunas. Images from 28 phototransects from the two terraces were condensed into two depth bins of 250-300 m and 450-550 m. Distributions of taxa compared among individual sites were depth driven, whereas distributions of taxa between the northern Miami Terrace and Pourtalès Terrace appeared to be driven by geological features, as sites at similar depths had different communities and densities, with the only distinguishing variables being location and geologic features. Results indicate that location is the driving factor contributing to differences in deep-water benthic communities between the two terraces. Depth bin 450-550 m was dominated on the Miami Terrace by hard substrates supporting octocorals (Pseudodrifa nigra, Primnoidae, Keratoisis sp., and Anthomastus sp.), anemones, and sponges (mainly Phakellia sp.) and on the Pourtalès Terrace by hard substrates and coral rubble supporting Paramuricea unid sp. 3, Comatonia cristata, Plumarella sp. 2, and Astrophorina unid. sp. 4. Depth bin 250-300 m on the northern Miami Terrace was dominated by sediment substrates and supported anemones, soft corals and zoanthids, and on the Pourtalès by sediment-veneered hard bottom with Stylaster miniatus, Plumarella unid sp., Hydroida unid sp., and Isididae unid sp. 2. The relationships between depth, location and geomorphology may be useful in designing future benthic mapping projects. In addition, species densities and protection statuses can aid future community assessments between protected habitats and non-protected habitats to measure the effectiveness and management strategies of deep-water marine protected areas. The relationships revealed by this study can be used to support the management of the Miami Terrace, Pourtalès Terrace, and other sites to conserve deep-water coral environments.

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