Nowadays consumers have become more and more socially conscious because of the rising concern about social and environmental issues. In this context, large scale companies are one of the main actors which are required to increase their efforts. They have increased the amount of charity actions or philanthropic collaboration in the latest years but both have shown limited effects and benefits especially on the long-term. This research is treating a new kind of partnership between large scale companies and social enterprises which is based on a true business approach with a long-term strategy. This new type of partnership requires a higher effort for its sustainability on the long-term and there was a gap in the literature when it comes to that point and it is this gap that this research aims to fill. The research was conducted through the analysis of a case study about the partnership between IKEA and Doi Tung, a social enterprise based in Thailand. Through semi-structured interviews conducted with both parts, it was possible to point out the challenges faced by large scale companies and social enterprises during their partnership but also to highlight four keys aspects which ensure the sustainability of this type of partnership; partnership selection and preparation, partnership driver, partnership nature, and partnership adaptation. The research contributes to the knowledge in the area of entrepreneurship and practical knowledge on the corporate-social enterprise partnership.

Collaborative conservation partnership frequency is increasing in natural resources management; however, few successful examples exist in the United States. These groups seek to address land stewardship through cooperative, communicative, bottom-up approaches that engage local stakeholders. A better understanding of member characteristics and successful group characteristics may enhance collaborative conservation partnership outcomes. A survey was conducted to quantify partnership member characteristics and advertising mediums. Results were compared with the National Woodland Owner Survey. Collaborative conservation partnership members tend to be well-educated, middle-aged, upper-middle class individuals with large landholdings. They span previously identified family forest owner clusters but may be classified as earlier adopters by Diffusion of Innovations theory. Word-of-mouth is the most common way members learn about partnership opportunities. Qualitative data was analyzed to identify key features related to the ability to achieve group goals. Multi-disciplinary literature review points to the likely influences of leadership, task type, social capital, resource inputs, processes, and temporal change attributes on collaborative conservation partnership goal achievement. Key informant interviews demonstrate that resource and social capital inputs derive disproportionately from particular actors, partnerships need flexibility to adapt to changes in available resources, leaders establish partnership activity levels, social capital is the foundation of resource access, and groups are diverse in the ways they deal with context-specific tasks, resources, and processes. Overall, collaborative conservation partnerships demonstrate potential to positively influence land stewardship and technology transfer. Growth requires expanding membership, establishing partnerships as a legitimate conservation medium, and maintaining diverse groups tailored to local contexts. / Master of Science

A public-private partnership (PPP) is a collaborative partnership between the publicsector and a private entity. The adoption of PPPs has risen throughout the years, utilizedfor developing cultural infrastructure. With the increase in opting for PPPs, the numberof failed PPPs has shown to be due to inefficient risk management procedures. This thesisdelves into the realm of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and examines the integrationof stakeholder management in the risk identification process, aiming to answer thefollowing research question: How do the public sector and private sector in a public-private partnership respectivelyconsider stakeholder management when identifying risks? Through a qualitative single case study of a PPP project in Sweden, the research aims toprovide insights into how key actors in PPPs consider stakeholders when identifyingrisks. The study emphasizes the importance of stakeholder theory in enhancing riskidentification practices within the context of collaborative ventures. By exploring thecomplexities of PPPs and the dynamics of stakeholder engagement, this researchcontributes to the existing literature on effective partnership arrangements and riskmanagement in public-private partnerships (PPPs). The findings highlight thesignificance of incorporating stakeholder perspectives in risk identification strategies tofoster successful outcomes in PPP projects. To answer the research question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thepublic and private entity involved in the PPP chosen for the case study. This study notonly offers theoretical implications for understanding the interplay between stakeholdertheory and risk management but also provides practical insights for organizations seekingto establish and maintain successful PPPs. The research underscores the critical role ofclear project objectives, defined partnership responsibilities, communication, andcollaboration in sustaining long-term partnerships. By bridging the gap betweenstakeholder theory and risk management, the study offers a theoretical contribution forunderstanding how stakeholder engagement can enhance risk identification strategies in PPP projects. Overall, this thesis contributes to advancing knowledge on stakeholder considerations inPPPs and offers recommendations for enhancing risk identification measures incollaborative ventures.

In this dissertation, I critically evaluate the VAT treatment of common partnership transactions that are encountered during the life of a partnership. Of great significance, is that at common law a partnership is not regarded as a person, but for VAT purposes it is treated as a separate person. This creates a strong dichotomy between the general legal nature, and the VAT character of a partnership transaction. The partnership and the VAT law dichotomy, is an important theme that runs through most of the thesis. Only once I have established the nature of the transaction for VAT purposes – whether in keeping with or differing from the common law – do I apply the relevant provisions of the VAT Act to determine the VAT implications of the transaction. An important general principle is that what is supplied or acquired by the body of persons who make up the partnership, within the course and scope of its common purpose, is for VAT purposes, supplied or acquired by the partnership as a separate person. I conclude that there are difficulties and uncertainties regarding the application of the provisions of the VAT Act to various partnership transactions. For the sake of certainty and simplicity, I propose amendments to the current provisions that are relevant to partnership transactions, and also propose additional provisions. The proposed amendments seek to align with the purpose of the VAT Act and the principles upon which it is based, and also to adhere to internationally accepted principles for a sound VAT system. I also pinpoint those aspects of the VAT Act that can be clarified by the SARS in an interpretation statement. I further identify issues that require more research, eg issues arising from a partnership’s participation in cross-border trade. / Mercantile Law / LL. D.

Univ., Diss.--Linz, 2006.

This thesis investigates how the experience of labour market insecurity affects individuals’ life courses and family lives in the UK. It focuses on unemployment and temporary work as the two sources of insecurity and examines their consequences on partnership formation, transition into parenthood, the well-being within family, and partnership dissolution. It follows a longitudinal approach and uses a sample from the BHPS. The results showed that unemployment has serious negative consequences for individuals’ family outcomes. Temporary work also has some negative outcomes, particularly for the vulnerable groups. Unemployment and temporary employment seem to discourage young adults to form marital unions, whereas especially for the young and non-married men unemployment increased the risk of fatherhood. Temporary work has a similar effect for those with no educational qualification, who are more likely to have their first child. Unemployed individuals and their spouses report a drop in their life-satisfaction, psychological well-being and are more likely to feel depressed, and they face a greater risk of marital separation. Male temporary work is associated with poorer well-being for the low-skilled employees and those who report subjective job insecurity. The wives of men working on temporary contracts also suffer from a decline in the well-being. The thesis also looked into the consequences of insecurity at the couple level. Contrary to our initial assumption, dual-insecurity - where both of the spouses are in insecure employment - does not have the strongest effect on the family. Rather, role-reversal between the spouses has the largest impact for family outcomes. When a male partner is unemployed and the female partner is employed, or when the male partner is working on temporary basis and the female partner is working on permanent basis, then the couple delays transition into parenthood, it suffers from a decline in the well-being, and it is more likely to separate.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar ao leitor as diversas formas de garantia que poderão ser oferecidas ao particular, pelo Estado, como forma de atraí-lo à contratação de parcerias público-privadas, instituídas em âmbito federal pela lei nº. 11.079, de 30 de dezembro de 2004. A escassez de recursos públicos, culminando com a incapacidade estatal de investir em áreas de sua responsabilidade, fez com que se buscassem novas formas de interação entre os setores público e privado. Contudo, o histórico de mau pagador da Administração Pública brasileira implicou na necessidade de oferecimento de garantias àqueles que irão contratar com o poder público, sem as quais talvez poucos ousassem investir seu capital em atividades nem sempre certamente rentáveis. A proposta é analisar as diversas modalidades de garantias, apontando suas fragilidades e seus aspectos favoráveis, sempre no intuito de mostrá-las viáveis e eficientes. Por fim, algumas sugestões de novas espécies serão apresentadas, aumentando a gama de opções que o administrador terá ao seu alcance quando pretender levar a efeito uma contratação desta natureza. / The present work aims at presenting the reader a wide range of guarantees which can be offered to private companies by the State, so as to attract them to contracting public-private partnerships, instituted in federal extent under law number 11.079, dated December 30, 2004. The shortage in public resources, culminating with the incapacity of the State to invest in sectors of its own responsibility, has brought about the pursuit of new ways of interaction between the public and private sectors. Notwithstanding, the fact that Brazilian Public Administration has a history of being a bad payer has implied the need for guarantees to those who will hire the Public Power, taking into consideration that perhaps only a few people will be willing to invest their funds in doubtfully profitable activities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various forms of guarantees, pointing out weaknesses and favorable aspects, always targeting on turning them viable and efficient. At last, some other new suggestions will be introduced, enhancing the range of options the administrator may have at reach whenever one intends to put into practice such kind of hiring.

L’Accord de Cotonou, signé en juin 2000 entre l’Union européenne et les États d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP), se caractérise par un respect des droits de l’homme, des normes démocratiques et de l’État de droit d’une part, et la quête d’une conformité des normes aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), d’autre part. En effet, la politique de développement mise en place par l’Europe au profit des États ACP a vu le jour avec le Traité de Rome et la création du Fonds européen de développement au profit des ces pays. Pendant longtemps, le partenariat, essentiellement économique, a octroyé d’énormes avantages aux pays ACP en vue d’assurer leur développement. Depuis bientôt deux décennies que les normes politiques ont été insérées dans ce partenariat, force est de constater que quelques pays, dont le Togo, demeurent toujours réticents quant à l’instauration de réelles réformes démocratiques en vue d’assurer une véritable alternance politique. En dépit des sanctions infligées çà et là par l’Union européenne, ces pays trouvent un appui auprès de la Chine qui mène, avec les pays d’Afrique, un partenariat en toute exclusion de la société civile. / Cotonou agreement, signed in June 2000, between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, is characterized by the respect of Human Rights, Democratic standards and Rule of Law in one side, and the quest for compliance with the standards principles of World trade Organization (WTO) in the other side. Since then the development policy implemented by Europe for ACP Countries was created with the Treaty of Rome which established European Development Funds, in favor of these countries. For many years, this partnership, mainly economic, has given huge benefits to ACP countries to ensure their development. For almost two decades that the political standards rules were introduced into this partnership, no doubt to notice that some countries, including Togo, are still reluctant to introduce real democratic reforms to ensure effective political changes. Despite sanctions here and there from the European Union, these countries find support from China who treats with African countries, a specific partnership excluding any Civil Society.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an increasingly popular form of public health research. However, little is known about the application of CBPR and the levels of involvement for partners in specific phases of the partnership. This phenomenological study addressed the application of CBPR from the perspectives of 7 academic researchers and 6 community members experienced in CBPR. Arnstein's ladder of citizenship participation and the community coalition action theory provided the framework for the study. Semi-structured interviews addressed participants' levels of involvement in the CBPR process, as well as challenges, concerns, successes, and recommendations for improvement. Interview transcripts were analyzed by identifying recurrent themes relevant to the experience of being a CBPR partner. These themes were then used to develop descriptions of their experience. Results indicated that participants knew the term CBPR and had experienced it, but not all participants understood the depth of CBPR and how much bargaining power they could have for their community. Sustainability of partnerships and programs was a major concern. Ethical problems were also raised regarding the long-term commitment to projects and the need for CBPR partnership evaluation. Results may be used to strengthen awareness of the principles of CBPR to advance culturally tailored public health interventions.

<p>This thesis attempts to assess the security aspect of the Barcelona Process (Process), or so called Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) within the theoretical framework of new regionalism and the Copenhagen School (Security complex theory) which agrees with neo/realism, neo-liberal institutionalism and constructivism in some aspects. The end of the Cold War broadened the security agenda and new security concerns emerged. Actually, most of the so- called security threats are not new, but the perception of them by the states has changed with globalization which increased the interconnectedness and density of the interaction. Global challenges have made states more vulnerable so appreciated the cooperative interaction at regional level. Comprehensive and cooperative security approaches gained importance and led regional security partnership among states. The construction of Euro-Mediterranean security partnership is one case stemming from the high level of interdependence between the European and the Mediterranean countries. The historical ties, economic dependency, geographical proximity increased the EU’s interest towards the Mediterranean. While new regionalism enables to grasp systemic factors in the Process, the Copenhagen School permits to understand security partnership at the regional level. The rise of illegal immigration flows and religious fundamentalism in the Mediterranean as well as tension in the Middle East conflict, the Iraqi War, and terrorist attacks to the US, Algeria and recently Turkey appreciated the importance of the EMP policy and security cooperation so make this study more crucial. </p><p>This study showed that the security challenges in five sectors of the security defined by the Copenhagen School are observable in the EMP’s case. Both military and non-military concerns threaten the stability and prosperity in the Mediterranean Basin. The three baskets of the EMP depict its comprehensive security approach. Having made an overview of the Barcelona Process, the thesis evaluated the security challenges in general and the thematic areas of concerns in depth. Since security cannot be defined without reference to the perceptions and security cultures of the actors, the study examined the perceptions and security cultures in the EMP. </p><p>The evaluation of the EMP showed that the EMP has shown certain developments on the way for the security cooperation. However, it could not produce tangible results due to the fundamental shortcomings categorized as inter and intra-institutional incoherence, definitional/perceptional problems and multi- actor involvement in the region. The lack of institutional structures, asymmetrical relations among partners, unbalanced distribution of powers and lack of commitment of the EU are crucial problems. On the basis of all problems lie the gap between the perceptions and security culture of Europe and the Arab world. Thus, this thesis emphasizes the enhancement of inter- subjective understanding and cultural dialogue in order to improve trust and interaction among partners. The EMP is on right track to build zone of peace in the Basin, but it requires longue durée to achieve this.</p>