Esta tese aborda a qualidade da educação infantil comunitária conveniada no Município de Porto Alegre, seus limites e suas possibilidades. A qualidade é aqui conceituada a partir da realidade social, econômica, política e pedagógica nas quais se inserem as quatro creches, pesquisadas. O conceito de qualidade da educação infantil comunitária conveniada, aqui proposto, está baseado em valores e se estrutura a partir de elementos dinâmicos e em constante reformulação. Por não se tratar de uma qualidade abstrata, este conceito é datado e geograficamente localizado, construído a partir do real e das experiências vividas pelos sujeitos sociais em relação e pertencentes a uma sociedade de classes antagônicas. A análise da qualidade aqui desenvolvida não separa a instância política da base material regida pelo econômico que, no sistema capitalista, possibilita qualidade diferenciada a partir das condições econômicas das famílias e das comunidades onde se localizam as creches comunitárias conveniadas e dos recursos investidos na educação. A separação do econômico e do político materializa as desigualdades próprias do sistema do capital. O arcabouço teórico, orientador da análise da qualidade, desenvolvido nesta tese, está ancorado em autores que discutem o sistema do capital e suas crises, bem como a alternativa de superação proposta que é a reforma do Estado que se torna mínimo para as políticas sociais e, máximo, para o capital. A reconfiguração do Estado é uma necessidade da sociedade capitalista, pois o capital exige não ser onerado com políticas de distribuição de renda que venham a comprometer a expansão e acumulação, molas propulsoras da sua reprodução. Neoliberalismo, globalização, reestruturação produtiva e terceira via, estratégias do capital para a superação de suas crises, redefinem o papel do Estado e, em defesa do capital, redesenham as políticas públicas. A terceira via busca aproximação com a sociedade civil, por meio da parceria público-privada. A aproximação com a sociedade civil, em Porto Alegre, dáse pela parceria do movimento social comunitário com o poder público, na oferta da educação infantil, sendo o conveniamento a base da política municipal de expansão do atendimento desta etapa da educação básica. Os limites e as possibilidades da qualidade na educação infantil são aqui analisados a partir dos seguintes eixos: projeto político-pedagógico e regimento escolar; habilitação e formação continuada dos educadores e espaço físico. Estes parâmetros formam um todo que incorpora outras práticas construídas no cotidiano das instituições comunitárias e das comunidades. Dentre elas estão os critérios de ingresso, a ausência de participação dos pais e da comunidade, a cobrança de mensalidade e a falta de prestação de contas de todos os ingressos pecuniários da instituição. Os limites e as possibilidades da qualidade da educação infantil comunitária fazem parte de uma história de ausência do Estado na oferta de políticas públicas para a infância e colocam como pauta preferencial a luta por direitos sociais e pela garantia a uma educação pública, gratuita, laica e de qualidade para todas as crianças, cujos pais assim o desejarem tendo como utopia a universalização de toda a educação básica. / This thesis approaches the quality of the communitarian early childhood education offered by day nurseries in the context of a partnership with municipal power in the City of Porto Alegre, and elicits the limitations and possibilities of this education. Quality is here conceptualized on the basis of the social, economical, and political reality in which the four day nurseries studied here are inserted. The concept of quality of communitarian early childhood education proposed here is based on values and it is structured by dynamic elements in constant reformulation. For it is not an abstract concept, the idea of quality is dated and geographically delimitated, constructed on the basis of reality and of the actual experiences of social subjects who are in interaction to each other and who belong to a society of antagonistic classes. The analysis of quality that is exposed here, does not separate the political aspects from the material basis given by economy, which in the capitalist system, allows for differences in the degrees of quality depending on the economical conditions of the families and communities where the communitarian day nurseries are inserted, and on the resources that are invested in education. The separation between economical and political aspects materializes the inequalities of the system. The theoretical framework that guides the analysis of quality in this study is based on different authors that discuss the capital system and its crises, as well as the proposed alternative to overcome them, that is, so far, the transformation of the state, which becomes minimal for social policies, and maximal for capital. The reconfiguration of State is a necessity of capitalist society, to make sure that capital demands are not burdened with rent distribution policies that difficult expansion and accumulation, the two driving forces for its reproduction. Neo-liberalism, globalization, productive restructuring and third way, all strategies used by capital to overcome its own crises, redefine the role of State in defense of capital, and redesign public policies. The third way pursues an approach to civil society, through public-private partnership. The approach to civil society, in Porto Alegre, is possible through the partnership between the social communitarian movement and public power to supply early childhood education, being the partnership a policy of the city to expand the coverage to this stage of basic education. The limitations and the possibilities of the quality in early childhood education are analyzed here from two parameters: political-pedagogical project and school regime; license and continued learning for teachers and physical environment. This parameters compose a whole set that incorporates other practices built up in the daily routine of communitarian institutions and communities. As examples of these practices, we could mention the requirements for the enrollment, the lack of participation of parents and community, the required fees, and the lack of accounting for all the pecuniary incomes of the institution. The limitations and possibilities of communitarian early childhood education are part of a history in which the state does not supply public policies to young children, becoming important items on the agenda the struggle for social rights and for a free, public and laic education with quality for all children whose parents make this option, having as an utopia the universalization of all basic education.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar ao leitor as diversas formas de garantia que poderão ser oferecidas ao particular, pelo Estado, como forma de atraí-lo à contratação de parcerias público-privadas, instituídas em âmbito federal pela lei nº. 11.079, de 30 de dezembro de 2004. A escassez de recursos públicos, culminando com a incapacidade estatal de investir em áreas de sua responsabilidade, fez com que se buscassem novas formas de interação entre os setores público e privado. Contudo, o histórico de mau pagador da Administração Pública brasileira implicou na necessidade de oferecimento de garantias àqueles que irão contratar com o poder público, sem as quais talvez poucos ousassem investir seu capital em atividades nem sempre certamente rentáveis. A proposta é analisar as diversas modalidades de garantias, apontando suas fragilidades e seus aspectos favoráveis, sempre no intuito de mostrá-las viáveis e eficientes. Por fim, algumas sugestões de novas espécies serão apresentadas, aumentando a gama de opções que o administrador terá ao seu alcance quando pretender levar a efeito uma contratação desta natureza. / The present work aims at presenting the reader a wide range of guarantees which can be offered to private companies by the State, so as to attract them to contracting public-private partnerships, instituted in federal extent under law number 11.079, dated December 30, 2004. The shortage in public resources, culminating with the incapacity of the State to invest in sectors of its own responsibility, has brought about the pursuit of new ways of interaction between the public and private sectors. Notwithstanding, the fact that Brazilian Public Administration has a history of being a bad payer has implied the need for guarantees to those who will hire the Public Power, taking into consideration that perhaps only a few people will be willing to invest their funds in doubtfully profitable activities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various forms of guarantees, pointing out weaknesses and favorable aspects, always targeting on turning them viable and efficient. At last, some other new suggestions will be introduced, enhancing the range of options the administrator may have at reach whenever one intends to put into practice such kind of hiring.

Cette thèse de doctorat en sciences de gestion interroge les impacts des collaborations entre les entreprises et la sphère non gouvernementale. Elle envisage en ce sens dans quelle mesure les ONG contribuent à la performance globale des firmes à travers leur responsabilité sociale.L’état de l’art qui porte sur les mots clés de notre sujet a permis de souligner un triple élargissement au sein des entreprises : premièrement, une ouverture de leur gouvernance qui se traduit par l’introduction de nouvelles parties prenantes dans le cœur névralgique des sociétés ; deuxièmement, un approfondissement de la performance qui n’est plus abordée uniquement sous un angle économique et financier mais également sous ses aspects sociaux, environnementaux et sociétaux ; et enfin, un développement des outils de mesure de la performance. En effet, le reporting économique est désormais complété par des rapports de développement durable. Cet élargissement des outils de mesure est parfois caractérisé par un reporting intégré qui systématise le lien entre le financier et l’extra-financier.Les enjeux de cette recherche qualitative à vocation exploratoire sont triples : il s’agit tout d’abord de comprendre l’implication des acteurs en caractérisant leur posture dans les partenariats mais aussi en faisant la lumière sur leurs motivations à collaborer. Puis, il s’agit de déterminer les modalités des partenariats qui existent entre les firmes et les ONG, en spécifiant la notion de « dialogue » et les caractéristiques des partenariats stratégiques. Enfin, il s’agit de mesurer la contribution des ONG à la performance globale en analysant ses impacts sous le prisme d’une performance quadri-axiale et plus spécifiquement en ayant recours au cadre méthodologique du Reporting Intégré.Nos travaux se sont concrétisés par l’étude documentaire et statistique de 301 entreprises ainsi que des ONG qui gravitaient autour de leur sphère socio-économique. Puis, nous avons à partir de cet échantillon réalisé 44 entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’entreprises et d’ONG et avons complété notre recherche par une étude de cas sur le partenariat stratégique entre Michelin et le WWF. Lors de cette étude de cas nous avons à la fois interrogé des parties prenantes internes à cette collaboration, comme les responsables en charge de la coopération, mais aussi des parties prenantes externes, comme le Directeur Général Délégué de l'International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) ou encore le Directeur Général du Syndicat des Professionnels du Pneu (SPP). / This doctoral thesis in management sciences questions the impacts of collaborations between companies and the non-governmental sphere. It takes into consideration the extent to which the NGOs contribute to the overall performance of firms through their social responsibility.The state-of-the-art of the key words with regards to our topic has highlighted a threefold expansion within companies: first, an openness of their governance which translates into the introduction of new stakeholders in the core of the society; secondly, a deepening of performance that is no longer observed solely from an economic and financial perspective but also from its social and environmental aspects; and finally, the development of performance measurement tools. As a matter of fact, economic reporting is now complemented by sustainable development reports. This expansion of measurement tools is sometimes characterized as an integrated reporting that systematizes the link between the financial and the extra-financial.The challenges of this qualitative research with an exploratory aim are threefold: firstly, it addresses understanding the involvement of the actors by characterizing their posture within partnerships but also by shedding light on their motivations to collaborate. Secondly, it is necessary to determine the modalities of the partnerships that exist between the firms and the NGOs, specifying the notion of "dialogue" and the characteristics of strategic partnerships. Finally, this research addresses measuring the contribution of NGOs to the overall performance by analyzing its impacts under the prism of a four-axial performance and more specifically using the methodology of Integrated Reporting.Our research has been materialized through a documentary and a statistical study of 301 companies and NGOs that revolved around their socio-economic sphere. Based on this sample, we further conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with companies and NGOs and completed our research with a case study on the strategic partnership between Michelin and WWF. In this case study we have on one hand interviewed internal stakeholders, such as those in charge of cooperation, and on the other hand, external stakeholders, such as the Deputy Managing Director of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) ) and the General Manager of the Union of Professionals for Tires (Syndicat des Professionnels du Pneu - SPP).

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / During this study, the challenges and best practices of youth participation in problem identification, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programmes were investigated and the effect of project outcomes on the youth and its implications for community development observed. The use of the qualitative research methodology to examine the extent to which the youth are involved in the decision-making processes was employed. In addition, a literature review that pertained to youth development and participatory community development was conducted. In particular, the participatory concept, and its relation to the inclusion of the youth at the decision-making table, was examined. By providing evidence from the empirical data, an argument is presented that there are internal rigidities that are a hindrance to the youth in expressing their voice in the decision-making platform. However, the conclusion can be drawn that in order to understand the process of participatory development, it is crucial for the youth, community development practitioners and other stakeholders to understand the socio-economic conditions surrounding the youth as these will ensure positive programme outcomes as well as subsequent sustainable youth development. / South Africa

This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) in fostering good governance practices in Africa. The APRM was established in 2003 subsequent to the launch of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) in 2001, as an instrument to monitor the adoption and implementation of policies and practices that would lead to political stability, high economic growth and accelerated regional cooperation and integration as set out in the NEPAD document. The ultimate goal of the APRM is to instil good governance in Africa, which NEPAD considers the sine qua non for Africa’s development. The principal finding of this study is that the mechanism of peer review through the APRM has the potential to foster good governance in Africa, and thus, to pave the way to poverty alleviation and development. The peer review process provides an opportunity for participating countries to become aware of the strengths and shortcomings in their policy-making, governance institutions and practices and to share best practices of administrative, political and economic governance. It offers a forum for dialogue, peer learning, and regional and continental cooperation in which the challenges facing African countries, both individually and collectively, can be tackled. The APRM has initiated a process of dialogue between government and other societal actors (mainly civil society and business) about governance and development issues and how these can best be addressed. This is an important step towards the consolidation of democracy and better governance in Africa. It is for these benefits and for the potential for better governance that the APRM needs all the political and financial support it can get. The APRM is, however fraught with many challenges, which are likely to impede the effectiveness of its contribution. These challenges include the voluntary nature of the APRM, its inability to enforce policy, the absence of adequate funding, poor and limited administrative resources for implementation. In addition, the weak civil society in most African states militates against meaningful participation in and contribution to the process of peer review. Addressing these obstacles is imperative for the APRM to deliver its full potential. To this end, the study proffers a number of recommendations, which include the provision of strong political and financial support from African states, capacity building of national institutions that oversee government performance, such as the parliament and civil society, and the consistent financial support of donors and the international community. The study reveals that the road to a successful and effective APRM, and thus to a peaceful and prosperous Africa may lie in the future, but the foundation for Africa’s political and economic renaissance must be laid now. / Thesis (PhD (Public Affairs))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

Als Organisationsmodelle haben Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in den zurückliegenden Jahren geradezu rasant an Bedeutung gewonnen. Das unterstreicht nicht zuletzt auch die Vielfalt der seither zu diesem Thema erschienenen Literatur. Allerdings – auch das zeigen viele Veröffentlichungen – bereitet oft schon die Definition einige Schwierigkeiten.

Партнерские межфирменные отношения в сфере малого бизнеса выступают не только важным составным элементом предпринимательских действий, но и необходимым условием договорных отношений. Наиболее эффективным методом повышение конкурентоспособности, а также показателей эффективности для субъектов малого бизнеса на сегодняшний день можно достичь благодаря созданию межфирменных сетей на основе партнерских отношений. Цель данной работы состоит в изучении теоретических оснований партнерских отношений для моделирования сети в сфере малого бизнеса. / Inter-firm partnerships in the field of small business are not only an important component of business activities, but also a necessary condition for contractual relations. The most effective method of improving competitiveness and efficiency indicators for small businesses today can be achieved through the creation of inter-firm networks based on partnerships. The purpose of this work is to study the theoretical foundations of partnerships for network modeling in the field of small business.

The Master's thesis consists of an introduction, three sections, a conclusion, an appendix and a bibliography. The object of the research is the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) system as an instrument for the economic development of a region and a small town. The theoretical and methodological section describes the basis of formation of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism, reveals the essence and content of the PPP concept, as well as its classification. The second section includes an analysis of the development of partnership between the state and business in the Sverdlovsk region, as well as an analysis of the current PPP situation in Russia. The third section is devoted to the analysis and improvement of public-private partnership mechanisms as an effective form of interaction between government and business in the region and the small town. The total number of pages of the Master's thesis - 105. The work contains 5 tables, 6 figures, 1 appendix. / Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех разделов, заключения, приложения и библиографического списка. В теоретическом и методическом разделе дается характеристика и основы формирования механизма государственно-частного партнерства (далее ГЧП), раскрыта сущность и содержание понятия ГЧП, а также их классификация. Второй раздел работы включает в себя анализ развития партнерства государства и бизнеса на территории Свердловской области, а также анализ современного состояния ГЧП в России. Третий раздел посвящен анализу и совершенствованию механизмов государственно-частного партнерства как эффективной формы взаимодействия власти и бизнеса в регионе и малом городе. Основные понятия, рассматриваемые в работе: государственно- частное партнерство, малый город России, механизмы государственно-частного партнерства. Общее количество страниц магистерской диссертации (без приложений) – 105. Работа содержит 5 таблиц, 6 рисунков, 1 приложение.

Sociala problem beskrivs ofta som komplexa och för att möta utmaningar i samhället betonas vikten av samverkan mellan olika aktörer. Förändringar i det svenska välfärdssystemet har möjliggjort olika typer av samarbeten mellan den offentliga sektorn och civilsamhället. Idéburet offentligt partnerskap (IOP) är en överenskommelse om samarbete mellan civilsamhällets organisationer och den offentliga sektorn, i syfte att uppnå ett allmännyttigt samhälleligt mål. Eftersom formen är relativt ny och samverkan lyfts fram som viktig för socialt arbete, har syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka hur ideella organisationer och förvaltningar i Uppsala kommun upplever att samverkansformen IOP fungerar. Teoretiskt vägleds studien av teorier om samverkan samt byråkratisering. Studien antar en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt och baseras på sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från den offentliga och idéburna sektorn samt kompletteras med en dokumentstudie. Studiens resultat visar att aktörerna väljer att teckna IOP-överenskommelser då IOP bidrar till att uppnå gemensamma mål genom att parterna tillför viktiga resurser till varandra. Dessutom blir relationen mer jämställd och bidrar till ökad dialog samt långsiktig finansiering för organisationerna. Resultatet visar även att det generellt är svårt att mäta effekter av IOP och att IOP medför både utmaningar och nya möjligheter. Utmaningar som finns med samverkansformen är att arbetet är administrativt tungt, tar mycket tid, att det inte finns några tydliga riktlinjer och att det finns en risk för att det blir personbundet. Å andra sidan medför IOP även nya möjligheter såsom bättre insyn hos varandra, en bättre kontakt och att parterna kompletterar varandra för att kunna hjälpa Uppsalas medborgare och uppnå samhällseffekter.

Объектом исследования являются получатели социальных услуг, проживающие в сельской местности. Предмет исследования: структура и качество социальных услуг для получателей социальных услуг, проживающих в сельской местности. Целью магистерской диссертации является выявление уровня удовлетворенности получателей социальных услуг, проживающих в сельской местности (на примере ГАУСО СО «КЦСОН Пригородного района»). В процессе работы проведен анализ научной литературы и нормативно-правовой базы в сфере социального партнерства в социальной сфере, проведено социологическое исследование, которое выделило структуру социальных проблем получателей социальных услуг, усовершенствована модель социального партнерства в интересах получателей социальных услуг, проживающих в сельской местности. В социологическом исследовании приняло участие 200 получателей социальных услуг, проживающих в сельской местности – подопечные ГАУСО СО «КЦСОН Пригородного района». В результате исследования было выявлено, что среди главных сложностей, с которыми сталкиваются получатели социальных услуг, проживающие в сельской местности, являются доступность медицинского обслуживания, возможности для приобретения новых умений и навыков, возможности для организации досуга. Для решения данной проблемы нами усовершенствована модель социального партнерства в интересах получателей социальных услуг, проживающих в сельской местности, после апробации которой проведено повторное анкетирование, которое доказало действенность данной модели. / The subject of the study are recipients of social services living in rural areas. The subject of the study: the structure and quality of social services for recipients of social services living in rural areas. The purpose of the master's thesis is to identify the level of satisfaction of recipients of social services living in rural areas (on the example of GAUSO SO "KCSON Prigorodny District"). In the process, an analysis of scientific literature and the regulatory framework in the field of social partnership in the social sphere was carried out, a sociological study was carried out, which highlighted the structure of social problems of recipients of social services, and the model of social partnership was improved for the benefit of recipients of social services living in rural areas. The sociological study was attended by 200 recipients of social services living in rural areas - wards of GAUSO SO "KCSON Prigorodny District." As a result of the study, it was revealed that among the main difficulties faced by recipients of social services living in rural areas are the availability of medical care, opportunities for acquiring new skills and skills, and opportunities for organizing leisure activities. To solve this problem, we have improved the model of social partnership for the benefit of recipients of social services living in rural areas, after testing of which a repeated survey was carried out, which proved the effectiveness of this model.