Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Teresa Stefani.pdf: 2382425 bytes, checksum: e5b2e8a1daf2694a80b3b5031c8c67c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Partnerships are instruments used by government entities and non-governmental organizations to expand the supply of services of public interest in the areas of health, education and social work, among others. In addition to those agreements, nonprofit-organizations develop other partnerships with different sectors of society, individuals and institutions that support improving the social reality of poor communities. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the partnerships that a nongovernmental organization establishes with governmental entities, where financial transfers are involved, with other governmental and private entities, where exchange of services or financial transfers is sporadic and limited to specific projects. The set of partnerships ultimately generates a network of relationships that changes with time. Therefore, the author developed a quantitative and qualitative case study of ARCO Associação Beneficente, a nongovernmental organization, whose service is intended for children and adolescents in the areas of education and social assistance. Three major perspectives of ARCO are evaluated: (i) its financial strength over the past 10 years, the partnership with the city government through agreements and projects sponsored by the Municipal Fund for Children and Adolescents, (ii) its relationship with the surrounding community where it is based, one of the poorest areas of the city of São Paulo, and (iii) the network of partnerships formed by ARCO along its 22 years of activity in the neighborhood. It was identified a jump in quality and quantity in services offered to the public attended, which has been held without interruption, although it generated to the entity a high level of financial dependence on resources provided by the City of São Paulo. Regarding the community, there is a high degree of social exclusion and most of the residents live in squalid conditions, with little prospects of a promising change in their current situation. There also is a great interaction with ARCO, who became a channel to their claims for seeking human rights and improve their conditions. It was also found that the established network is flexible and dynamic. Although not yet fully consolidated, it yet brings positive results in the supply of services for the community, which ultimately go beyond partnerships with governments. Finally, it was also found that the relationship with government officials is not as mutual as it could be, and that communication s noise hinders trust creation / Parcerias são instrumentos utilizados por entidades governamentais e não governamentais para ampliar a oferta de serviços de interesse público, nas áreas de saúde, educação e assistência social, dentre outras. Além dos convênios, entidades sem fins lucrativos realizam outras parcerias, com os diversos setores da sociedade, pessoas e instituições, que apoiam o trabalho de melhorar a realidade social de comunidades carentes. Desse modo, o presente trabalho propõe discutir as parcerias que uma organização não governamental estabelece, tanto com governos, onde há repasse financeiro, quanto com outras entidades governamentais e privadas, onde há uma troca de serviços ou o repasse financeiro é esporádico e limitado a projetos específicos. O conjunto das parcerias acaba por gerar uma rede de relacionamentos que se modifica com o tempo. Para tanto, promoveu-se um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa junto à organização social ARCO Associação Beneficente, cujo atendimento destina-se a crianças e adolescentes nas áreas de educação e assistência social. Foram avaliadas três grandes perspectivas da ARCO: (i) sua saúde financeira nos últimos 10 anos, a parceria com o governo municipal, tanto em convênios quanto em projetos do Fundo Municipal da Criança e Adolescente; (ii) sua relação com a comunidade do entorno onde atua, uma das regiões mais carentes da cidade de São Paulo; e (iii) a rede de parcerias formada pela ARCO ao longo de seus 22 anos de atuação no bairro. Desta forma, identificou-se, por um lado, o salto de qualidade e quantidade no serviço oferecido ao público assistido, que tem se realizado sem interrupções, por outro, gerou um alto grau de dependência financeira da entidade em relação à Prefeitura de São Paulo. No aspecto da comunidade verificou-se um alto grau de exclusão social, onde a maioria dos moradores vive em condições precárias, com perspectivas pouco promissoras de uma mudança de sua situação atual, mas também uma grande interação com a ARCO, que se tornou interlocutora de suas reivindicações em busca dos direitos. Identificou-se ainda que a rede que se estabeleceu é um processo flexível e dinâmico, embora ainda não totalmente consolidada, mas que traz resultados bastante positivos na oferta dos serviços à comunidade, que acabam por ir além das parcerias com os governos. Por último, verificou-se também que a relação com os técnicos do governo não é tão recíproca quanto poderia ser, tem ruídos na comunicação dificultando a criação de laços de confiança

A dissertação “A proposta de Educação para o Empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor: um estudo sobre parceria público-privada apresenta como temática central a relação público-privada na educação e tem como objetivo geral analisar o conteúdo da proposta de educação que fundamenta os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação no Brasil. Quanto à metodologia utilizada para realizar a pesquisa, o materialismo histórico representa o referencial teóricometodológico, sendo a análise documental a principal ferramenta, a partir do trabalho com fontes primárias e secundárias. O marco teórico da presente pesquisa parte das crises do capitalismo de 1970 e 2008 e o decorrente processo de reestruturação do sistema, o qual apresenta o Neoliberalismo, a Reestruturação Produtiva, a Globalização e a Terceira Via como estratégias para superação deste quadro. No plano políticoideológico, tanto o Neoliberalismo quanto a Terceira Via apresentam a reforma do Estado baseada na lógica mercantil como padrão de qualidade, o que tem possibilitado o crescimento da influência dos setores privados na direção e execução das políticas públicas, em especial no campo social, como a educação, que é o foco deste estudo. Contudo, a proposta neoliberal consiste no amplo processo de privatização, já a Terceira Via privilegia como elemento central a atuação das organizações ligadas ao Terceiro Setor. Constituintes deste processo, a Reestruturação Produtiva legitimou formas de organização do trabalho que atendessem aos interesses do capital em crise, com destaque para o Empreendedorismo, e a Globalização potencializou a expansão do capitalismo reestruturado através das Redes. Desta forma, a redefinição das fronteiras entre o público e o privado tem influenciado no conteúdo da educação pública, pois as Redes de Empreendedores Sociais ligadas ao Terceiro Setor, como é o caso do Instituto Empreender Endeavor, que estabelecem parcerias com instituições públicas de educação, definem o conteúdo educacional ofertado à população. A influência exercida por estas instituições privadas junto ao campo público da educação constitui-se como o problema deste estudo, o que sugere o seguinte questionamento: poderá o conteúdo da educação proposto pelo Instituto Empreender Endeavor, através de cursos de empreendedorismo oferecidos em parceria com instituições públicas de educação, ter implicações para a Democratização da Educação? No desenvolvimento da pesquisa verificou-se que o empreendedorismo dialoga com todas as estratégias características do processo de reestruturação do capitalismo, contribuindo para assegurar a hegemonia e conseqüente reprodução do sistema. Isto é, sua proposta articula, ao mesmo tempo, o apassivamento dos sujeitos que, diante do contexto de crise econômica e social, passam a buscar individualmente as competências demandadas pelo mercado e assumem os riscos de empreender seu próprio negócio para garantir a sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, conclui-se que os cursos de empreendedorismo do Instituto Empreender Endeavor promovidos em parceria com instituições públicas da educação brasileira contribuem para a deteriorização dos princípios de uma educação democrática, proporcionando um único caminho, a adaptação dos sujeitos às demandas do mercado capitalista, através da incorporação de competências socioemocionais para empreender seu próprio negócio, uma realidade que, para a maioria dos empreendedores brasileiros, significa precarização das condições de vida. / The dissertation "The Entrepreneurial Education Project of the Empreender Endeavor Institute: a study on public-private partnership presents as central theme the publicprivate relationship in education and its general objective is to analyze the content of the education proposal that bases the courses of entrepreneurship of Instituto Empreender Endeavor, promoted in partnership with public education institutions in Brazil. As for the methodology used to carry out the research, historical materialism represents the theoretical-methodological reference, and documentary analysis is the main tool, based on the work with primary and secondary sources. The theoretical framework of the present research starts from the crises of capitalism of 1970 and 2008 and the resulting process of restructuring the system, which presents Neoliberalism, Productive Restructuring, Globalization and the Third Way as strategies to overcome this framework. At the political-ideological level, both Neoliberalism and the Third Way present the reform of the State based on the mercantile logic as a quality standard, which has allowed the growth of the influence of the private sectors in the direction and execution of public policies, especially in the field social, such as education, which is the focus of this study. However, the neoliberal proposal consists of the broad process of privatization, since the Third Way privileges as a central element the performance of organizations related to the Third Sector. Constituents of this process, Productive Restructuring legitimized forms of work organization that served the interests of capital in crisis, with emphasis on Entrepreneurship, and Globalization enhanced the expansion of restructured capitalism through Networks. In this way, the redefinition of publicprivate boundaries has influenced the content of public education, since the Network of Social Entrepreneurs linked to the Third Sector, such as Instituto Empreender Endeavor, which establishes partnerships with public institutions of education, define the educational content offered to the population. The influence exerted by these private institutions in the public field of education constitutes the problem of this study, which suggests the following question: can the content of the education proposed by the Instituto Empreender Endeavor, through entrepreneurship courses offered in partnership with institutions education, have implications for the democratization of education? In the development of the research it was verified that entrepreneurship dialogues with all the characteristic strategies of the process of capitalist restructuring, contributing to ensure hegemony and consequent reproduction of the system. That is to say, its proposal articulates, at the same time, the apassivamento of the individuals who, faced with the context of economic and social crisis, begin to individually seek the competences demanded by the market and assume the risks of starting their own business to guarantee their survival. In this sense, it is concluded that the entrepreneurship courses of the Instituto Empreender Endeavor promoted in partnership with public institutions of Brazilian education contribute to the deterioration of the principles of a democratic education, providing a single path, the adaptation of the subjects to the demands of the capitalist market, through the incorporation of socio-emotional competences to undertake their own business, a reality that, for most Brazilian entrepreneurs, means the precariousness of living conditions.

Recourir à l'externalisation représente paradoxalement une opportunité, un enjeu et un risque. À ce titre, il est pertinent de comprendre en profondeur le phénomène. Il s'agit, par ce travail, d'analyser les différentes phases du processus, pourquoi externaliser et comment s'y prendre pour palier à tout éventuel effet pervers. La personne publique, sous contrainte budgétaire, choisie de faire appel au secteur privé afin de maîtriser les coûts. Nous observons cependant que cet objectif n’est pas atteint. Ce travail tente de rechercher la vraie légitimité d’un partenariat public-privé. Une triangulation de quatre sources d’information a donné lieu au constat suivant : un intérêt pour les compétences émerge au détriment de la réduction budgétaire. En s’appuyant sur la littérature et l’observation de plusieurs projets, nous constatons, dans le cadre d’une vision socio-philosophique que les partenariats public-privé s’inscrivent dans un nouveau monde de consommation, la société liquide. / Outsourcing, paradoxically represents an opportunity, an issue and a risk. In fact, it is relevant to understand the phenomenon in depth. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the different phases of the process, why outsource and how to deal with any possible perverse effect. The public person, under a budget constraint, chooses to call on the private sector to control costs. We observe, however, that this objective is not achieved. This thesis tries to look for the real legitimacy of a public-private partnership. A triangulation of four information sources has given rise to the following report: an interest for the skills emerges to the detriment of the budget cut. Relying on the literature and several projects observation, we find out, within the framework of a more socio-philosophical vision, that public-private partnerships are part of a new world of consumption, liquid society.

Antalet anhörigvårdare i Sverige är många. För att de anhöriga ska orka vårda sina närstående 24 timmar om dygnet, sju dagar i veckan behöver det finnas ett stöd. De anhörigstöd som finns varierar från kommun till kommun. Ett anhörigstöd som har utarbetats för att underlätta insatsbehovet är COAT- Carers Outcome Agreement Tool som syftar till att kartlägga anhörigas behov, planera och följa upp anhörigstöd. COAT har en grund i partnerskapsmodellen och i modellen ses den anhörige som experten på situationen runt den närstående. De studier som är gjorda med anhöriga har mycket positiva resultat. Det är få studier gjorda utifrån personalperspektivet därför avsåg vi att undersöka deras individuella erfarenheter utav att använda COAT. Tio stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med personal är utförda i studien och analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Fem kategorier trädde fram i analysen och presenteras i resultatet. I kategorierna beskriver vi det som personalen berättat i intervjuerna. Personalen är uteslutande positiva till instrumentet och de anser att det bör användas i större utsträckning. Diskussionen är formad utifrån våra forskningsfrågor och diskuteras med stöd av tidigare forskning. Vi diskuterar olika begrepp och relaterar dem ur personalens synvinkel gentemot den anhörige och dennes familj. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktssköterska

Consacrée à la famille Martelli de Florence, cette thèse porte sur les dynamiques internes à l’élite marchande du premier Âge moderne, envisagées sur la longue durée, entre le milieu du XIVe et la fin du XVIe siècle. Etude de cas, conduite à plusieurs échelles, elle place au centre de l’enquête les choix individuels et collectifs et les relations socio-économiques, qui sont saisis aussi bien aux échelles micro-historiques des individus et des groupes qu’aux échelles plus grandes des réseaux sociaux, politiques et économiques. Est analysée, en premier lieu, l’ascension sociale, politique et économique de la famille, ce qui permet d’en révéler les enjeux à la fois multiples et mouvants dans le temps. Le jeu d’échelles permet alors de dépasser une dichotomie réductrice, en termes de marginalisation et d’affirmation, et ainsi de saisir ce qui demeure de précarité dans cette famille « nouvelle ». En second lieu, l’étude sur la longue durée des dynamiques internes à la famille conduit à mettre en question l’idée d’une linéarité dans l’évolution des relations entre ses membres et de faire ressortir de complexes articulations entre continuités et changements. La notion même de famille semble faire problème, au regard des stratégies particulières dont elle fut l’enjeu. Enfin, à partir du XVIe siècle, l’étude se concentre sur l’une des branches des Martelli, avec un focus sur son implication dans le monde du négoce local et international. Sont alors examinées de très près les relations et les pratiques sociales et économiques intervenant entre les membres de cette branche, mais aussi à l’intérieur des compagnies marchandes dans lesquelles ils étaient intéressés, notamment à Lyon. / This PhD-dissertation focuses on the internal dynamics of the Florentine merchant elite of the early modern era, basing on a case-study which covers different aspects of its development in the long term, from the middle 14th century to the end 16th century. Case study on different scales, the heart of the analysis are the individual and collective choices within the socio-economic relationships, taken on micro-historical level of individuals and groups, as well as in the broader context of social, political and economical networks. Firstly, the detailed scrutiny of social, political and economic ascension of the Martelli family allows to define its multiple and time-varying stakes. The scale-game enables to go beyond the simple interpretative dichotomies between marginalization and affirmation, providing a fuller insight into the aspects of precariousness of this «new» family. Secondly, the long-term study of internal dynamics within the Martelli family permits to question the linearity of evolution of these relations. Their complexity is investigated in order to determine which elements are constants and which should be considered as variables. As a consequence, the notion of family is being challenged and eventually considered in the framework of individual strategies. Finally, the case study focuses on a small family unit in the 16th century. The in-depth analysis of the relationships and socio-economic practices covers the members of the Martelli family, their involvement in local and international commerce, and the merchant-companies in which they were interested and the one based in Lyon in particular.

In their negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between 2011 and 2016, the European Union and the United States of America (U.S.) aimed to not only reduce tariffs but to also establish regulatory coherence. For the U.S. federal states, the proposed comprehensive deal could offer both possibilities to expand transatlantic trade as well as threats to their legislative authority. This study investigates why and how some states represent their transatlantic trade promotion and trade policy interests despite constitutional limitations, why there is variation regarding these two topics of states’ interest representation and what intergovernmental conflicts arise. Based on original qualitative expert interviews, the analysis shows that U.S. states as noncentral governments are viable actors in transatlantic trade and investment relations. It is evident that a small number of mostly progressive state legislators actively engage U.S. federal and European officials to prevent the loss of state regulatory authority. Regarding the proposed trade deal, interest representation is centered around issues of federalism and sovereignty rather than economic growth opportunities. While trade promotion remains the key driver of states’ overall transatlantic activities, these findings expand our view on states’ international affairs beyond economic development.

Public Private Partnerships, or PPPs, are being increasingly preferred by governments across the world for filling the infrastructure deficit, as they are claimed to provide access to private capital, and bring private sector efficiencies in provisioning of public services. In India too, a distinct policy shift towards PPPs in various sectors has been observed accompanied by a high degree of reliance on such partnerships to upscale the transport infrastructure. A growing body of literature however reveals serious flaws in the claims of economic superiority, effectiveness and profitability of the PPPs. They are being questioned on various accounts of transparency, accountability, equity, and excessive profiteering by the private partners. This gives rise to an advocacy for the enhanced role of the State in governance of PPPs. In this background, this research explores the nature of division of roles and responsibilities, allocation of risks and sharing of benefits by the State and the private partners within the PPPs in the context of road transport sector in India. It further examines the extent of investment of resources by the private partners in the projects. The factors shaping PPPs in road transport in India are also examined. This research suggests measures to strengthen the structures and mechanisms within the public and private partners to improve public infrastructure within the PPP framework. In order to achieve the research aims, and to gain a deeper perspective of the governance issues of PPPs from different administrative levels, two national and two state highways (one in construction while the other in operational stage in both cases) along with an intra-city transport project, part of which is already operationalised, were selected for the study. This study is rooted in critical realism according to which understanding of any social phenomenon can be achieved through study of the underlying multi-layered structures and mechanisms which cause the phenomenon. Research findings reveal that while PPP projects in highways largely followed the theoretical model of PPPs, the urban transportation project was found to be substantially deviating from a general PPP model discussed in the literature due to the unique requirements of urban transport infrastructure in India. The widely accepted argument of PPPs bringing in private capital to public services has been debunked by the Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System (ABRTS). The project is substantially funded by the national and state governments due to limited incentives for the private sector to invest in these projects under BOT mode. The under-developed capability within the private sector in urban transportation projects in India resulted in unbundling of services rather than one private agency providing all of them. The local urban body has retained several risks as it more suitably located to bear them more efficiently. In the PPPs in highways, the public partner has shifted many of its responsibilities to the concessionaire primarily due to shortage of adequate manpower with the public partner, and the incentive of timely completion of the project with the private partner. Adoption of the PPP mode in highways has not been able to avoid time and cost over-runs, largely due to the public partners not meeting their share of responsibilities. Land acquisition has emerged as the single most contentious issue of PPPs in infrastructure in India and is the major cause for delay in PPP projects. In addition, serious issues in land-grabbing and profiteering by the private partners have also been observed. A more active role of the State in PPPs is suggested to improve the delivery of public services through the PPP mode. This may require establishing additional structures and mechanisms of governance to meet the emerging requirements of these new modes of procurement, and to strengthen the existing ones.

Centrée sur les partenariats entre organisations économiques et associatives, notre recherche vise à qualifier la nature communicationnelle de ces espaces d’interaction à partir de la référence habermassienne de l’éthique de la discussion. Nous abordons les partenariats selon trois angles différents, correspondant à autant de définitions différentes de la notion : les partenariats comme formes hybrides de « faire ensemble », comme espaces d’interaction langagière et comme formes singulières de médiation sociale. L’analyse discursive du corpus constitué de trois cas de partenariats – les partenariats entre Lafarge et le WWF pour l’échelon international, entre Monoprix et Max Havelaar pour l’échelon national et entre Aéroports de Paris et les associations de riverains pour l’échelon local – permet de mettre en avant l’articulation de l’ethos et de la praxis des acteurs, les modalités de dialogue entre eux, ainsi que la présence d’un tiers-référent au sein de chaque relation partenariale. / Focused on partnerships between economic and associative organizations, our research aims to qualify the communicational nature of these interaction spaces according to Habermas theory of discussion ethics. This thesis examines partnerships from three different points of view, corresponding to three different definitions of the notion : partnerships as hybrid forms of “together doing”, as language interaction spaces, and as singular forms of social mediation. The discourse analysis of the three partnerships corpus – the international partnership between Lafarge and WWF International, the national partnership between Monoprix and Max Havelaar and the local partnership between Aéroports de Paris and local resident associations – enables to lay stress on the articulation of ethos and praxis, dialogue forms between actors, and the presence of a third party inside each partnership relation.

Organizações Virtuais constituem uma modalidade de cooperação entre empresas com contornos inovadores, especialmente no que diz respeito aos seus processos de configuração, dissolução e reconfiguração. Estes acontecem repetidamente em um período relativamente curto de tempo, com uma certa variabilidade de parceiros tirados de um grupo previamente articulado pela tecnologia de informação, com vistas a oportunidades únicas de negócios. Não existem modelos legais pré-concebidos que comportem isoladamente esse propósito de negócio único e que sejam simultaneamente ágeis para se adaptar a novas oportunidades sem maiores custos. A experiência internacional tem demonstrado que a utilização isolada dos mecanismos tradicionais não suporta a complexidade das relações que se estabelecem entre os parceiros, que culmina com o surgimento daquilo que passou a denominar-se Empresa Virtual. Nesse sentido são analisados os atributos mais imortantes a serem preservados nesse tipo de cooperação bem como as inúmeras possibilidades e barreiras encontradas na legislação, a fim de identificar o mecanismo mais adequado dentro da permissividade legal e adaptá-lo às novas exigências. / Virtual Organizations constitute a new model of cooperation between companies with innovator profile, especially in its configuration processes, dissolution and reconfiguration. These occurrences happen frequently in a short period of time, with some changes in partners that are removed from one group arranged before by information technology, seeking for unique business opportunities. There are no pre-concept legal model that isolated support this unique business propose and be fast enough to adapt itself to new opportunities without increasing costs. International experience has shown that isolated use of traditional mechanisms do not support the complex relation established among partners, that culminate with the arising of which is called Virtual Enterprise. By this way, the most important features to be preserved in these kind of cooperation are analyzed, as well as its uncountable possibilities and barriers found in law, to identify the most adequate legal mechanism and adapt it to new exigencies

In my work I have focused on the Eastern Partnership (EaP) as an instrument of EU (foreign) policy towards its eastern neighbors with regard to the geopolitical implications of collaboration through the given initiative. My ambition has been to identify the potential benefits of initiating the project, especially in political-security and energy aspects. The first chapter focuses on the theoretical concept of geopolitics as well as the geopolitical definition of the East-European region. The second chapter is devoted to the conceptualisation of the EaP as an specific instrument of the European foreign policy as well as the concrete implementation of the EaP in practice. The third chapter deals with particular relevance to this project with the (geo)strategic objectives of the EU as well as the analysis of the EaP in terms of effective functioning.