This diploma thesis focuses on changes in the external balance of Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain in the period of financial and economic crisis after 2008. The theoretical framework is based on an exact definition of external balance, ultimately as neither surplus nor deficit of a relevant balance in terms of balance of payments. Potential impacts of monetary and fiscal policies on the external balance are described there as well, using the IS-LM-BP model. The second part of the thesis, which employs this theory, is mainly based on an analysis of relevant balances of payments of the aforementioned countries, focusing on their external balance in the period before as well as during the economic crisis. The aim of the analysis is to identify the main causes of external imbalance in the Southern European countries and to find out whether these played a key role as a trigger and accelerator in their recession after 2008. Specific changes during the crisis identified in balances of payments will also be depicted in the IS-LM-BP model. Leading to the conclusion, the outcomes of a correlation analysis are used as well, looking into causal relationships between specific balance of payments variables on the one hand, and macroeconomic variables on the other. A minor part also deals with the role played in this context by the TARGET2 payment system and answers the question to which extent this system took part in the elimination of the external imbalance of the Southern European countries during the crisis.

Esta dissertação tem um propósito ambicioso: procura repensar o modelo de integração econômica na América do Sul. O método escolhido para tanto foi o de analisar e extrair lições de outras experiências de integração econômica para balizar uma reflexão sobre este processo na região. Neste sentido, dividiu-se a dissertação em três capítulos, além de um breve capítulo introdutório e das considerações finais. No capítulo 2, “Considerações Gerais e Teorias sobre Integração Econômica Regional”, realiza-se apenas algumas definições conceituais e uma breve revisão das teorias sobre integração econômica regional. O intuito deste capítulo inicial é tão somente de “limpar o terreno” para a análise dos capítulos posteriores. Feito isso, no capítulo 3, “Lições das Experiências Internacionais Recentes: União Monetária Europeia, NAFTA e Cooperação Financeira no Leste Asiático”, analisa-se as principais experiências internacionais de integração, apresentando basicamente a racionalidade, a lógica básica de funcionamento e os resultados alcançados por cada uma delas, de tal forma a depreender algumas lições para a América do Sul. No capítulo 4, “Lições das Iniciativas Pretéritas de Integração na América do Sul: Uma Breve Análise do Caminho Percorrido da ALALC à UNASUL”, apresenta-se um apanhado histórico das iniciativas de integração econômica na América do Sul, seguindo essencialmente a mesma estrutura do capítulo anterior. Por fim, nas considerações finais, à luz das lições extraídas nos capítulos anteriores, são tecidos alguns comentários sobre as iniciativas integracionistas vigentes na região. / The dissertation has an ambitious intention: it aims at rethinking the model of economic integration in South America. The method chosen for such task was to analyze and extract lessons of other experiences of economic integration to define a reflection regarding this process in the region. In this direction, the dissertation was divided into three chapters, along with a brief introductory chapter and the final considerations. Chapter 2, “General Considerations and Theories on Regional Economic Integration”, presents some conceptual definitions and a brief revision of the theories on regional economic integration. The intention of this initial chapter is mainly to “clear the ground” for the analysis of the subsequent chapters. Once this is done, in chapter 3, “Lessons of the Recent International Experiences: European Monetary Union, NAFTA and Financial Cooperation in the East Asian”, the main international experiences of integration are analyzed, presenting basically the rationality, the basic logic of functioning and the results reached by each one of them, in such way to infer in the end some lessons for South America. Chapter 4, “Lessons of the Past Initiatives of Integration in South America: a Concise Analysis of the Way from ALALC to UNASUL”, presents a historical summary of the initiatives of economic integration in South America, following, essentially, the same structure of the previous chapter. Finally, in the final considerations, in light of the lessons extracted in the previous chapters, some comments are made on the effective integrationist initiatives in the region.

This data study concentrates on the past tense marking in the interlanguage (IL) of Chinese speakers of English. Following the assumptions of Hawkins & Lizska, (2003), it is assumed that unlike native speakers of English, Chinese speakers of English have a higher level of optionality within the past tense marking of their grammars. It is claimed that the primary reason for this occurrence is the lack of the functional feature T(ense) [+/-past] in Mandarin Chinese. If a particular functional feature is missing in a learner's L1 grammar, it is thought that it will be absent in one's L2 grammar as well. Three advanced Chinese speakers of English were tested on the past tense marking in their IL production. Both spontaneous oral and reading speech were used for this data analysis.

Name: Assessment of individual game performance in football players U10 Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to analyse the success rate of the chosen playing skills in competitive matches in the U10 category in football. Methods: The researched group was made of fifteen individuals, including two goalkeepers, with the average age 10 years, ± 0,5 year. The individuals were observed and evaluated in five matches. The method of analysis was used to gather the data. The data were taken down by the scale system and written into the recording sheet. Three football skills were chosen for the research - pass, dribbling past the opponent, and ball reception. Nonparametric coefficient r was used for the determination of material significance of the differences. Results: Much higher success rate of the pass was discovered on the defensive half in comparison to the attacking half (85,84 % vs. 72,37 %; r = 0,83). Dribbling past the opponent was more frequent on the attacking half in comparison to the defensive half (28,37 vs. 21,67; coefficient r = 0,78), however, there was not any significant difference in the success on the attacking half in comparison to the defensive half (57,39 % vs. 53,39 %; coefficient r = 0,27). Player's passes were more successful compared to their dribbling-past-the-opponent skill...

The non-profit sector in the Czech Republic has undergone a significant transformation over the last 120 years. This thesis describes the beginnings of the non-profit sector, its heyday in the First Republic period, as well as the period of decline during the Second World War. Equally, how the civil society developed in the 1970s, on which basis the non-profit sector is built today. The diploma thesis depicts the role of civil society within the non-profit sector, issues and difficulties of the non-profit sector in The Czech Republic and explains to the reader the typology and problems of terminology for the non-profit sector. The last segment of the theoretical part deals with the prospective trends in the non-profit sector, and then in an empirical survey, tries to determine whether we can observe the onset of these promising trends in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis contains two types of research in this direction: quantitative and qualitative.

Cette thèse part de l’hypothèse que des traces du passé, portées par chacun, habitent le quotidien, comme une sorte de mémoire collective insoupçonnée. Elle se propose en analysant les caractéristiques ou encore la transmission de quelques pratiques sociales (celles liées à la mort, à la religion, à la médecine populaire, au gwoka, au calypso et au conte) de comprendre ce qui se joue au-delà des apparences. A partir de ces expériences d’aujourd'hui, on découvre les apports divers, les dynamiques, les interactions, les ambivalences, ainsi que tout ce qui avait été mis en œuvre pour « braconner » des expressions, se créer des espaces de liberté et commencer à transcender un quotidien douloureux. Il s’avère, cependant que ces traces ne sont pas seulement des vestiges. Elles constituent plutôt un tissu complexe et mouvant construit par des perceptions, des émotions ainsi que des faits véridiques. Ces traces entremêlées d’hier et d’aujourd'hui, sont sans cesse réactivées par ceux qui les reçoivent, les portent et les transmettent à leur tour. / This thesis assumes that traces of the past, worn by everyone, inhabit the everyday, as a sort of unsuspected collective memory. In order to understand what is happening beyond appearances, it analyzes the characteristics of the transmission of a few social practices such as those related to death, religion, folk medicine, gwoka, calypso and storytelling. From today experiences, one discovers the various contributions, the dynamics, the interactions, the ambivalences, as well as all that had been implemented to "poach" expressions, to create spaces of freedom and start to transcend a painful reality. It turns out, however, that these traces are not just remnants. They are rather a complex and moving fabric woven by perceptions, emotions as well as truthful facts. These traces, which are those of yesterday and today intermingled, are constantly reactivated by those who receive them, carry them and transmit them in their turn.

In detaile, this projects focuses on object's far and near past and memories and brings their history into present exposition. Therefor the concept captures a new perception and observation of the importance of art history, using the still life art form and Vanitas theme and objects to symbolize the impermanence and transience time. However the main focus is not only on the objects themselves but also on their environment as a source of inspiration and cultural memory. This approach links the methods of displaying objects in the contemporary art with the current methods in art education. The didactic part reflects the attitude of pupils aged 14-15 to the objects from the distant and recent past and their values. As the result the artworks are a combination of graphic prints with fragments of photographs depicting snatches of memories, which has been moderately used as a hidden layer to properly reflect the author's perspective.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the professional past of managers in social services and its influence on the performance of managerial profession. In my thesis I'm dealing with those workers who are currently working in managerial positions and previously worked as social workers. I am interested about how their professional past influenced the performance of their managerial function and how these managers get new managerial competencies. In the theoretical part, I mainly deal with the competencies of social workers, the competencies of managers and then I compare them. I also deal with the acquisition of managerial competencies. In the practical part, I describe the methodology of research surveys and present the results I have reached. The main method is a qualitative research survey using a semi-structured interview. A supplementary method is a quantitative research survey using a questionnaire. In the discussion, I compare these results with available resources. Finally, I reflect the fulfillment of the goals of my thesis and make recommendations.

Mgr. Jiří Unger The utilization of 3D computer reconstruction visualizations in archaeology Abstract of dissertation thesis The visual presentation is in the field of archaeology one of the main communication media for conveying information and interpreting it. The recent introduction of digital technologies has brought a whole new dimension to archaeological visualisations. As a result of this development, they become three-dimensional, virtual, multifunctional and interactive. Technological development moreover has not only influenced the way how to retrieve and process the data, but greatly expanded as well the ability to simulate and visualize their different aspects in virtual environment. Since the beginning the virtual archaeology has been taken as direction that would bring new groundbreaking knowledge into the archaeology. However, the current situation is that 3D computer visualizations are just popular conference theme than a standard tool of archaeology as a science, and most works on virtual archaeology still needs to advocate the benefits of 3D visualizations. Therefore, the dissertation thesis try to deal with theoretical issues of preparation, organisation and analysis of input data in the process of creation of 3D reconstruction computer models, then with possible solutions of visualization...

As the world faces the effects of rapid climate change it is essential that we understand how the Earth’s climate has evolved in recent geological history. The island of Jersey harbours loess deposits which hold clues to recent climate change which have not been extensively studied. In this study, grain size analysis was employed on loess from the site of La Motte in order to shed light on climate change in the region during the last glacial. Several metrics such as the ratio of coarse to fine silt, the rate of deposition and the formation of ancient soils was used to assess the climate conditions during the time of deposition. The results show that the loess of La Motte is coarse compared to typical European loess but similar in grain size distribution to other sites along the English Channel, with relatively high amounts of sand and low amounts of clay. The relative coarseness of the deposits suggests a cold and dry depositional environment as well as proximity to the source of sediment and high wind intensities during the time of deposition. The fraction of coarse silt to fine silt, along with the rate of deposition and the occurrence of soil formation across the stratigraphy indicates that the climate slowly cooled from around 55 000 to 24 000 years ago when a sudden cooling event took place, then warmed until about 16 800 years ago where the climate suddenly cooled again. The timing of these rapid climatic shifts appears to correspond with Heinrich events 1 and 2 when large masses of ice were discharged from continental ice sheets. / Medan världen står inför effekterna av snabba klimatförändringar är det väsentligt att vi förstår hur jordens klimat har utvecklats under den senaste geologiska tiden. Ön Jersey hyser lössavlagringar som håller ledtrådar om den senaste tidens klimatförändringar och som inte studerats har studerats omfattande. I denna studie användes kornstorleksanalys på löss från lokaliteten La Motte med avsikt att utöka kunskapen om klimatförändringar i regionen under den senaste nedisningen. Ett flertal mått så som förhållandet mellan grov och fin silt, depositionshastigheten och bildningen av gamla jordar användes för att bedöma klimatförhållandena under avsättningstiden. Resultatet visar att La Mottes löss är grov jämfört med europeiska lössjordar, men i kornstorleksdistribution lik med andra lokaliteter längs med Engelska kanalen med relativt höga mängder sand och låga mängder lera. Avlagringarnas relativa grovhet tyder på en kall och torr avsättningsmiljö såväl som närhet till sedimentkällan och höga vindstyrkor under avsättningstiden. Förhållandet mellan grov och fin silt, tillsammans med depositionshastigheten och förekomsten av jordbildning genom stratigrafin tyder på att klimatet långsamt kyldes ner från omkring 55 000 år sedan till 24 000 år sedan då en plötslig nedkylning skedde. Klimatet värmdes sedan upp fram till omkring 16 800 år sedan då klimatet plötsligt kyldes ner igen. Tidpunkterna då dessa snabba avkylningar skedde verkar korrespondera med Heinrich-händelserna 1 och 2 då stora ismassor lossades från kontinentala istäcken ut i Nordatlanten.