The master's thesis "Over-indebtedness of Young Generation in the Czech Republic" deals with over-indebtedness of individuals at the age of 18 to 26 years. Over-indebtedness is a general social problem as all age groups get overburdened with debt. However, it is important to focus on the issue of young people's over-indebtedness directly because the young generation represents people who are or will be active in the general working process. The authoress of the thesis points out the young generation's over-indebtedness and provides an overview of development of this issue in 2008 - 2015. She also examines the most frequent causes which she has found out using questionnaires and data collected. In her work, the authoress also outlines a gradual development of possible indebtedness, which primarily includes loans, from both banks and other institutions, followed by a court procedure and execution of the judgement. A possible solution to over-indebtedness then consists in filing a petition with a court to permit a personal discharge from debts. The work aims at finding out and examining development of the young generation's indebtedness in the Czech Republic, analysing causes of over-indebtedness, describing the changes of the causes in time and at analysing the process of discharge from debts, which...

African American males experience homicides significantly higher than other groups throughout the United States. More African Americans are victims of violence, especially deadly violence, compared to any other racial or ethnic group. While research has been conducted on the association between perceptions of police and violence among African American men ages 18 to 44, no research exists on whether social media use moderates this association among African American men ages 18 to 44. This quantitative, cross-sectional study included 45 African American men. The Past Feelings and Act of Violence (PFAV) instrument, the Perceptions of Police (POP), and the Social Media Use Integration Scale were used to measure violence, perceptions of police and social media use, respectively. Overall, participants did not have high levels of violence, had poor perceptions of police, and did not have high dependence on social media use. Study results showed a significant association between perceptions of police (F=5.271; p=.027) and community violence, where perceptions of police explained 30% of the variance in community violence scores. This study also showed that social media use did not moderate the association between perceptions of police and violence. In addition to continuing to research what factors moderate the association between perceptions of police and community violence, findings in this study could inform strategies and interventions that seek to change African American men's perceptions of police. Interventions should focus on improving relationships between African American men and law enforcement, as well as work to improve perceptions that African American men have regarding police.

Democratic representation is crucial in a representative democracy. To elect representatives there are several different electoral systems. In the United Kingdom a majority system, the First past the post system, is used. This study aims to investigate how the First past the post system affects the democratic representation in the British parliament. Specifically, its focus is on how the democratic representation of the British political parties is affected.  This research is carried out by conducting a case study with the British parliament and the First past the post system as the studied case. The study is done by using textual analysis as the chosen method, where various texts are used as material to be able to reach a result.  The results showed several aspects of the First past the post system that affected the democratic representation regarding political parties. It suggested that theories such as Duverger’s law are applicable to the party representation in the British parliament, indicating that the First past the post system favours a two-party system where the representation of the other parties is flawed resulting in negatively skewed democratic representation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 乙第12952号 / 論人博第43号 / 新制||人||178(附属図書館) / 27||論人博||43(吉田南総合図書館) / 32251 / (主査)教授 杉万 俊夫, 教授 ﾍﾞｯｶｰ ｶｰﾙ, 教授 吉田 純, 准教授 永田 素彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

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This study of 1,492 emerging adults focuses on the relationships among negative family of origin experiences, attitudes about marriage, positive communication and the influence of past romantic relationships. The data used in this study comes from a survey questionnaire, READY (see www.relate-institute.org) completed by emerging adult participants (18-25). Results from the Structural Equation Model showed both aversive family of origin experiences and negative beliefs about marriage have a significant and negative influence on perceptions of romantic relationship experiences. Also, positive communication has a significant and positive influence on perceptions of past romantic relationships. However, positive communication did not mediate the relationships between negative family of origin experiences, attitudes about marriage, and the influence of past romantic relationship experiences. Implications for clinicians as well as directions for and content of future research on family of origin experiences, attitudes about marriage, and the influence of past romantic relationship experiences are explored.

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Relations are central in education and educational research. This thesis is an exploration of how generational relations are represented in an American film called Mud from 2012. In Mud, we are presented with the portrayal of the young and coming-of-age boy Ellis and his encounters with the mysterious title character. Despite the absence of formal education, the film deals with a young person’s formation and existential questions such as love and loss. Struggling with his parents’ upcoming separation, Ellis seeks refuge on an island together with a friend and meets a stranger (Mud). The young boy eventually views the man as a guide. For Herman Nohl (1933), the experience of being in relation to a guide is pivotal for one’s formation and the pedagogical relation rests upon this very experience. Hence, the aim is to shed light on the pedagogical relation and how the younger and older generations are seen to relate to each other (through the example of film). Put differently, the focus is to show how the characters in the film make use of different pedagogical postures and incline in relation to one another as well as to ‘the world’ in which they find themselves. I will argue that these bodily movements take place in various pedagogical spaces - open yet secluded ‘islands’. In highlighting how the film represents pedagogical relations, the thesis seeks to lay bare some of the ambiguities of the term. It is through problematising the idea of pedagogical relations that the thesis contributes to the field of educational theory. The thesis is divided into five main parts. In the first part I discuss the relevance of investigating the film Mud itself. The second part gives attention to the medium of film and how it can be understood. The three concepts of (pedagogical) relations, inclinations and the world are presented in the third part of the thesis. In analysing the film, I start by studying the initial scenes of the film where the younger generation is seen to relate to the older generation and the surrounding world. As the younger generation in the film travels along a river, I similarly go where the text takes me. The thesis ends with a concluding discussion and a summary.

Yes / The Mg/Ca ratios of biogenic calcite is commonly seen as a valuable palaeo-proxy for reconstructing past ocean temperatures. The temperature dependence of Mg/Ca ratios in bivalve calcite has been the subject of contradictory observations. The palaeoceanographic use of a geochemical proxy is dependent on initial, rigorous calibration and validation of relationships between the proxy and the ambient environmental variable to be reconstructed. Shell Mg/Ca ratio data are reported for the calcite of two bivalve species, Mytilus edulis (common mussel) and Pecten maximus (king scallop), which were grown in laboratory culturing experiments at controlled and constant aquarium seawater temperatures over a range from 10 to 20 C. Furthermore, Mg/Ca ratio data of laboratory- and fieldgrown M. edulis specimens were compared. Only a weak, albeit significant, shell Mg/Ca ratio¿temperature relationship was observed in the two bivalve species: M. edulis (r2=0.37, p<0.001 for laboratory-cultured specimens and r2=0.50, p<0.001 for field-cultured specimens) and P. maximus (r2=0.21, p<0.001 for laboratory-cultured specimens only). In the two species, shell Mg/Ca ratios were not found to be controlled by shell growth rate or salinity. The Mg/Ca ratios in the shells exhibited a large degree of variability among and within species and individuals. The results suggest that the use of bivalve calcite Mg/Ca ratios as a temperature proxy is limited, at least in the species studied to date. Such limitations are most likely due to the presence of physiological effects on Mg incorporation in bivalve calcite. The utilization is further limited by the great variability both within and among shells of the same species that were precipitated under the same ambient conditions