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Generative metaphor: filiation and the disembodied father in Shakespeare and JonsonPenuel, Suzanne Marie 06 August 2010 (has links)
This project shows how Jonson and Shakespeare represent dissatisfactions with filiation and paternity as discontents with other early modern discourses of cultural reproduction, and vice versa. Chapters on six plays analyze the father-child tie as it articulates sensitivities and hopes in remote arenas, from usury law to mourning rites, humanism to Judaism, witchcraft to visions of heaven. In every play, the father is disembodied. He is dead, invisible, physically separated from his child, or represented in consistently incorporeal terms. In its very formlessness, the vision of paternity as abstraction is what makes it such a flexible metaphor for Renaissance attitudes to so many different forms of cultural cohesion and replication. The Shakespeare plays treat the somatic gulf with ambivalence. For Shakespeare, who ultimately rejects a world beyond the impermanent material one, incorporeality is both the father's prestige and his punishment. But for Jonson, the desomatization more often indicates paternal privilege. Jonson wants filiation and fathering to counteract the progression of history, and since time destroys the concrete, abstraction and disembodiment are necessary for the process to work. His plays initially envision a paternally imagined rule of law achieving permanence for those under it. But Volpone undermines Every man in his humour's fantasy of law, and The staple of news dismantles it still more. Ultimately, in Staple's schematically represented father and son, a pair whose reunion allows them a courtroom triumph, Jonson resorts to an abstractly figured paternity itself to justify other abstractions, legal and literary. As with law in Jonson, so for religion and the supernatural in Shakespeare. Shakespeare's body of work eventually renounces the religious faith whose representation it interweaves with portraits of children and fathers. It does so first in Merchant's intimidating Judaism and hypocritical Christianity, then in Twelfth night's more subtly referenced Catholicism, mournful and aestheticized, and finally in The tempest's various abjurations. Monotheism vanishes altogether in the last play, replaced by a dead witch and multiple spirits and deities who do the bidding of a conjuror who plans to give them up. Both playwrights ultimately reduce their investment in other forms of cultural transmission in favor of more intimate parent-child structures, embodied or not. / text
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Reproductive ecology and life history trade-offs in a dimorphic polygynous mammal, the New Zealand fur sealNegro, Sandra Silvia January 2008 (has links)
Polygyny is the most common mating system in mammalian species (95%), yet our understanding of polygynous systems and microevolutionary processes is still limited. Pinniped mating systems range from extreme polygyny (e.g. elephant seals) to sequential female defence by males and hence have often been used as models for mating system studies. Parentage analysis has enabled the examination of mating success, the identification of pedigrees, and the elucidation of social organisation, greatly enhancing our understanding of mating systems (Chapter 1). However, such analyses are not without pitfalls, with erroneous assignments common in open systems (i.e. when parental and offspring samplings are incomplete). We investigated the effects of the user-defined parameters on the accuracy of parental assignment using two commonly used parental allocation programme, CERVUS and PASOS (Chapter 2). We showed that inaccurate user-defined parameters in CERVUS and PASOS can lead to highly biased output e.g. the assignment rate at 95% CL of offspring with a sampled known mother to sampled males decreased from 58% to 32% when the proportion of candidate males sampled in the parameter options decreasing 4-fold. We found that the use of both CERVUS and PASOS for parentage assignment can increase the likelihood of correctly allocating offspring to sampled parents to 97% in our study system. Incorrect parental assignment can bias estimates of various biological parameters, such as lifetime reproductive success and mate choice preference, and hence bias ecological and evolutionary interpretations. Here, we propose solutions to increase the power of parentage assignment and hence decrease the bias in biological parameter estimates.
In addition, we analysed the effects of the intrinsic bias in likelihood assignment approaches towards assigning higher probability of parentage on individuals with rare alleles and those with heightened offspring-parent matches, which increase with the number of homozygous loci (Chapter 3). We showed that, as a consequence of the algorithms employed in the programmes CERVUS and PASOS, heterozygote males with rare genotypes are assigned higher rates of parentage than males with common alleles. Consequently, where two males could both be biological fathers of a given offspring, parentage assignment will more often go to the male with the rarer alleles (most often in heterozygous loci). Thus, the commonly used parentage assignment methods may systematically bias the results of parentage analyses towards supporting the notion that females prefer more genetically unusual, most often heterozygous, males. Such a bias may sway investigators towards incorrectly supporting the concept that females choose genetically more unusual males for heterozygosity fitness benefits that underpin the good genes hypothesis, when in fact no such relationship may exist.
In polygynous mammals, successful males mate with multiple females by competing with and limiting the access of other males to females. When the status of many males (age, size, health, genetic etc.) prevents them from achieving the primary mating tactic, theory predicts selection for a diversification of male mating tactics. Recent studies in pinnipeds have shown that observed male mating success was correlated to male paternity success in some species (elephant-seals), but not in others (grey seals). The existence of alternative mating strategies can explain those discrepancies. Chapter 4 implemented the guidelines provided in Chapter 2 and 3 and focused on the polygynous New Zealand fur seal Arctocephalus forsteri, predicting that 1) competition for females is likely to cause a diversification of male mating tactics; and 2) that alternative tactics can yield reproductive success. Our results indicated three male behavioural profiles; one corresponded to large territorial males and two illustrated a continuum of alternative tactics employed by non-territorial subordinate males. Our study highlights that holding a territory is not a necessary condition for reproductive success in a population of otariids.
The degree of sexual size dimorphism in polygynous species is expected to increase with the degree of intra-sexual competition and in turn with the degree of polygyny. The life history of an individual is the pattern of resource allocations to growth, maintenance, and reproduction throughout its lifetime. Both females and males incur viability costs of mating and reproduction. However, male viability costs due to increase growth and male-male competition can be greater than female viability costs of mate choice and reproduction. Although an abundant literature on sexual dimorphism in morphology, physiology, and parasite infections is available, little is known on the intra-sexual differences in physiology and parasite infections associated to the reproductive success of different mating strategies in mammalian species. Chapter 5 examined the reproductive costs between territorial and subordinate males New Zealand fur seal related to their relative reproductive success using a multidisciplinary approach (behaviour, genetics, endocrinology, parasitology). We found that dominant New Zealand fur seal males endure higher reproductive costs due to the direct and indirect effects of high testosterone levels and parasite burdens. Our study highlights that holding a territory confers a higher reproductive success, but induces higher costs of reproduction that may impair survival.
Understanding microevolutionary processes associated to polygynous systems is fundamental in light of the ongoing anthropogenic alteration of the environment through climatic variations and habitat reduction which ultimately affect opportunity for sexual selection and shape the life history trade-offs.
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Určování rodičovství / Determination of paternityVykydalová, Alice January 2013 (has links)
The thesis deals with parentage determination. At present, this issue is becoming more and more topical due to current diversion from traditional values, the traditional model of family in particular. The thesis concerns not only with the determination of paternity, but also with maternity determination, which is mentioned with regard to assisted reproduction and surrogacy. Emphasis is placed on both, current legislation and the new Civil Code coming into effect on 1 January 2014. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The introduction discusses possible views on the concept of parenthood. Furthermore, it introduces the issue of parentage determination, especially in connection with the increasing number of children born outside marriage. The following chapter is devoted to legislative regulation of parentage determination itself. Firstly, it elaborates the history of such regulations with focus on Roman law and the Austrian Civil Code. Subsequently, it describes the current legislation and briefly comments on the new Civil Code, which is further discussed in the corresponding chapters. The third chapter examines the determination of maternity. Included are the issues of assisted reproduction and surrogacy, as well as anonymous and concealed births, which have become an important topic rather recently....
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Práva a povinnosti rodičů a dětí (s důrazem na vybrané problémy vzniku vztahu rodičů a dětí) / Rights and obligations of parents and children with emphasis on selected issues of development of relationship between parents and childrenMálková, Tereza January 2013 (has links)
The family is a term, which is known in each period of history of mankind. It played, playes and will play an important role in life of every individual. It helps to create an identity of individual, a scale of values and principles, which are so necessary for happy life. The topic of my thesis is Rights and Obligations of Parents and Children with Emphasis on Selected Issues of Development of Relationship between Parents and Children. I have chosen this topic because I think that this part of family law is very interesting, especially the questions regarding to the determination of parenthood in the time of the medical breakthroughs. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse Czech legislation with regard to international law. The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the relationships between parents and children and the determination of parenthood. Chapter one is introductory. It is subdivided into four parts. Part one deals with history of legislation of relationships between parents and children. Part two describes general features of this relationships. And third and fourth parts sort rights and obligations into groups and analyze the issue of a parental responsibility, which are the basic rights and obligations of parents and children. These rights and...
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Impactos do reconhecimento de paternidade na avaliação genética de animais da raça Nelore / Impacts of parentage identification in the genetic evaluation of Nellore animalsSilva, Lilian Regina da 17 December 2015 (has links)
Em um cenário em que a qualidade da informação é essencial para a sustentação do processo de gestão do sistema ou do processo de seleção animal, corretas atribuições de paternidade se tornam importante para a manutenção das informações de pedigree e, consequentemente, para a estimativa dos valores genéticos dos animais em programas de seleção. Com o advento do uso de marcadores moleculares do tipo SNP na seleção genômica e em diferentes painéis de teste de parentesco, maiores estudos se fazem cada vez mais necessários. Dessa maneira esse estudo buscou analisar os ganhos em acurácia dos valores genéticos para características produtivas em um cenário de seleção real entre avaliações genéticas que continham ou não animais com atribuições de paternidade por teste de DNA e além disso, verificar os possíveis conflitos de seleção entre elas. Como resultados foram encontrados ganhos em acurácia principalmente em animais mais jovens, mas de maneira geral todos os animais foram beneficiados e apresentaram ganhos acima de 8% os animais diretamente submetidos ao teste. Conflitos de seleção variaram entre 14 a 52% quando considerada somatória das diferenças de seleção nas duas avaliações genéticas, mostrando também, que existiu uma alteração na ordem de classificação dos animais nas características analisadas. Como o fator custo é um ponto importante quando se fala em avaliação genética e tudo que envolve a nova fase dos marcadores moleculares, um painel de paternidade eficiente é aquele que apresenta o melhor desempenho na determinação da paternidade sob um menor custo. Dessa forma, foram comparados alguns grupos de marcadores e o painel de 195 SNP proposto pelo grupo ISAG se mostrou eficiente, assim como outros, na determinação de paternidade em um grupo especifico de animais. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam também que o teste de parentesco por DNA é uma ferramenta que pode aumentar a precisão do arquivo pedigree por aumentar a conexão dos animais, ou seja, por criar maiores ou mais laços genéticos entre os indivíduos. Assim, poder-se-ia melhorar o desempenho da avaliação genética em um programa de melhoramento genético bovino através de pequenos grupos de marcadores moleculares com um custo-benefício atrativo. / In a scenario where information quality is essential to support a process management system or an animal selection process, correct paternity assignments become important for maintaining pedigree information and hence to estimate animals genetic values in breeding programs. With the advent of the use of SNP molecular markers in genomic selection and different kinship test panels, larger studies are increasingly necessary. Thus, this study investigated the gains in accuracy of breeding values for production traits (in a real selection scenario) between the genetic evaluations of animals with or without parenting assignment by DNA testing. It also verified possible selection conflicts between them. The following results showed gains in accuracy, especially in younger animals. However, in general, all animals benefited having gains greater than 8% where animals were directly impacted. Checking conflicts ranged from 14-52% when the sum of the differences of selection in both genetic evaluations was considered. This also showed that there was a change in the ranking of animals in the analyzed characteristics. As cost is also an important factor in genetic evaluations using new molecular markers, an effective parenting panel would be one that had the best performance in the paternity determination under a lower cost. Therefore, we compared some small marker groups and the 195 SNP panel proposed by ISAG group and determined this was efficient in estimating paternity on a specific group of animals. These results also suggest that kinship testing by DNA is a tool that can increase the accuracy of the pedigree file to increase the animals\' connection, or to create larger or more genetic links between individuals. This study shows that testing with small groups of molecular markers improves the performance of genetic evaluation in a bovine genetic selection program with an attractive cost-benefit.
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Avaliação genética do sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) através de análises de paternidade / Genetic evaluation of the reproductive system of Magellanic Penguins trough paternity analysisMarasco, Anna Carolina Milo 14 April 2015 (has links)
Apesar de a monogamia social ser dominante entre as aves, análises genéticas revelaram relações de parentesco inesperadas, evidenciando diferentes estratégias de reprodução, como a paternidade extra-par e o parasitismo de ninho. Espécies de passeriformes estão entre as mais promíscuas, com altas taxas de paternidade extra-par, enquanto em aves marinhas esse comportamento demonstrou ser menos frequente. Pinguins (Família Spheniscidae) compõem um grupo de 18 espécies de aves marinhas pelágicas e que tem em comum a filopatria, fidelidade a um parceiro e intenso cuidado biparental. Portanto, espera-se que apresentem um comportamento estritamente monogâmico e taxas de paternidade extra-par insignificantes. Avaliamos pela primeira vez o sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães através de uma abordagem genética, buscando investigar a existência e frequência de paternidade extra-par e parasitismo de ninho. O parentesco de 88 filhotes de 44 ninhos de uma colônia na Ilha Quiroga (Argentina) foi determinado com base em análises de 9 marcadores microssatélites. Encontramos baixas taxas de parasitismo de ninho (6%), mas altas taxas de paternidade extra-par (31% e 48% dos ninhos com pelo menos 1 filhote extra-par). Entre os dois anos coletados, encontramos uma pequena diferença na incidência de infidelidade (29% em 2010; 32% em 2011), mas não houve relação com as condições climáticas do período de reprodução da espécie. Além disso, apesar da alta taxa de filhotes extra-par, não encontramos diferença significativa na diversidade genética e nem viés da razão sexual secundária. Acreditamos que a alta taxa de paternidade extra-par encontrada possa ter relação com o comportamento reprodutivo em colônia, a densidade populacional, o sincronismo reprodutivo, ou que parte da paternidade que não correspondeu aos pais sociais seja resultado de troca de parceiros antes da definição final dos casais em cada estação reprodutiva. Nosso estudo pode ajudar a melhor entender e caracterizar o sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães e indica que a espécie é socialmente, mas não geneticamente monogâmica. / Despite the social monogamy being dominant among birds, genetic analysis revealed unexpected kinship relations, showing different reproductive strategies, such as extra-pair paternity and brood parasitism. Passerine species are among the most promiscuous, with high extra-pair paternity rates, while in seabirds this behavior is typically rather less frequent. Penguins (Spheniscidae Family) are a group of 18 species of pelagic seabirds that have in common philopatric behavior, faithfulness to one partner and intense biparental care. Therefore, they are expected to have a strictly monogamous behavior and insignificant rates of extra-pair paternity. For the first time, we evaluated the reproductive system of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) through genetic analysis in order to investigate the existence and frequency of extra-pair paternity and brood parasitism. The kinship of 88 offspring of 44 nests from a colony on Quiroga Island (Argentina) was determined based on the analyses of 9 microsatellite markers. We found low rates of brood parasitism (6%), but high extra-pair paternity rates (31% and 48% of nests with at least one extra-pair offspring). Between the two years sampled, we found a small difference in the incidence of infidelity (29% in 2010; 32% in 2011), but no connection with the climatic conditions of each breeding season. In addition, despite the high rate of extra-pair offspring, we found no significant difference in the genetic diversity and no bias in the secondary sex ratio. We believe that the high rate of extra-pair paternity found in our study may be a result of their reproductive behavior of nesting in colonies, breeding synchrony, density, or that part of the mismatching paternity is due mate switching. Our study may help to better understand and characterize the reproductive system of Magellanic penguins and indicates that this species is socially but not sexually monogamous.
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Dehn paternity bounds and hyperbolicity testsHaraway, Robert Cyrus January 2015 (has links)
Thesis advisor: George R. Meyerhoff / Recent advances in normal surface algorithms enable the determination by computer of the hyperbolicity of compact orientable 3-manifolds with zero Euler characteristic and nonempty boundary. Recent advances in hyperbolic geometry enable the determination by computer of the Dehn paternity relation between two orientable compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Presented here is an exposition of these developments, along with prototype implementations of one of these determinations in software. These have applications to two questions about Mom technology. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.
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Imputação de alelos microssatélites a partir de haplótiposSNP para verificação de paternidade na raça Nelore / Imputation of microsatellite alleles from SNP haplotypes for parental verification in Nellore cattleSouza, Milla Albuquerque de 31 January 2013 (has links)
As técnicas de marcadores moleculares têm sido aplicadas em estudos populacionais das espécies bovinas, verificação de genealogia e teste de paternidade. Dentre os marcadores moleculares, os microssatélites (MS) são amplamente utilizados, porém, alguns problemas técnicos têm motivado o desenvolvimento de alternativas, como os marcadores do tipo polimorfismo de nucleotídeos único (SNP). Assim, surgiu a necessidade de identificar haplótipos SNP que estão em concordância com cada alelo MS e então os genótipos MS poderiam ser convertidos em genótipos SNP e vice-versa, por meio da imputação do genótipo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar um método para imputar alelos MS a partir de haplótipos SNP, para verificação de paternidade, utilizando animais da raça Nelore e também identificar um menor conjunto de SNP, com qualidade suficiente para otimizar e diminuir o custo da genotipagem. Foram realizadas genotipagens em SNP e MS para 99 trios de animais da raça Nelore provenientes da EMBRAPA Pecuária Sudeste e foi verificada a existência de alelos nulos pelo programa MICRO-CHECKER. Foram selecionados SNP que estivessem próximos de cada marcador MS e o programa BEAGLE foi usado para identificar a fase de ligação dos genótipos. Posteriormente, foi realizada a técnica de imputação dos MS a partir de haplótipos SNP e foi verificada a paternidade pelo programa CERVUS. A precisão da imputação dos alelos MS foi verificada através do cálculo da concordância entre os alelos MS imputados e relatados. O marcador SPS115 foi removido da análise por evidências de alelos nulos, devido ao excesso de homozigotos observados. O marcador mais informativo foi o TGLA122, cujo conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC) foi 0,8. Foram encontrados desvios do equilíbrio de HW (P<0,05) para os locos ETH225 e TGLA57. Um maior conjunto de SNP foi necessário para imputação de alelos MS para o marcador BM1824. As taxas de verificação de parentesco foram de 97,1% para os alelos MS genotipados e 96,3% para os MS imputados. Somente 4% dos 99 filhos não tiveram a paternidade atribuída, quando a simulação foi feita apenas para o pai conhecido e 1% quando pai e mãe eram conhecidos. Esta técnica obteve precisão maior que 96% para a imputação de dados MS e permitiu imputar dados genotípicos multialélicos a partir de bi-alélicos. Os resultados terão um impacto imediato para os pesquisadores e associações de criadores que visam a transição do MS para SNP baseada em verificação de parentesco. / Molecular markers techniques have been applied in bovine population studies, genealogy verification and paternity test. Among the molecular markers, microsatellites (MS) are widely used, however, some technical problems have motivated alternatives development, as markers type single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Thus, the need to identify SNP haplotypes which are in agreement with each MS allele and then MS genotypes could be converted into SNP genotypes and vice versa, through genotype imputation. The objective of this study was to apply a method to impute MS alleles from SNP haplotypes to verify paternity, using Nellore and also identify a smaller set of SNP, with enough quality to optimize and reduce genotype cost. SNP genotyping was performed at and for 99 MS trios Nellore from EMBRAPA Cattle Southeast and was checked for null alleles by MICROCHECKER. SNP were selected that were near each MS marker and the program BEAGLE was used to identify genotypes phase. Subsequently, were applied the MS imputation technique from SNP haplotype and paternity was verified by CERVUS. The accuracy of MS alleles imputation was verified by calculating the correlation between MS alleles imputed and reported. The SPS115 marker was removed from the analysis for null alleles evidence due to homozygote excess observed. The most informative marker was TGLA122 with 0.8 PIC. Deviations from equilibrium HW (P<0.05) were found for the loci ETH225 and TGLA57. A larger set of SNP was necessary to impute MS alleles for the marker BM1824. The verification rates of paternity were 97.1% for genotyped MS alleles and 96.3% for MS imputed. Using imputed MS alleles and when only the sire was considered only 4% of the 99 offspring were not assigned paternity and 1% when both parents were known. The technique achieved greater than 96% accuracy for MS imputation data. This research allow to impute multi-allelic genotypes from bi-allelic data. Our results will have an immediate impact for researchers and livestock associations aiming the transition from MS- to SNP-based parentage verification.
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Estudo de diferentes estruturas de grupos genéticos aditivos visando ao aumento da eficiência de seleção em bovinos de corte / Study of different additive genetic groups structures in order to increase the efficiency of genetic selection in beef cattleOliveira Júnior, Gerson Antônio de 22 February 2013 (has links)
A estratégia de criação de grupos genéticos aditivos é uma técnica que permite que animais de paternidade desconhecida tenham seus valores genéticos preditos de forma mais adequada quando incluídos em programas de melhoramento genético. O modo como esses grupos são formados é ainda arbitrário, o que torna importante o estudo de metodologias de formação de grupos genéticos aditivos (GG) visando a uma estrutura apropriada para as avaliações dos rebanhos em programas de melhoramento genético animal. O objetivo do trabalho foi definir a estrutura de grupo genético adequada às avaliações genéticas, comparando-as em relação às mudanças efetivas na eficiência do processo seletivo dos animais com paternidade desconhecida. As características estudadas foram: peso ao desmame, peso ao sobreano, ganho de peso pós-desmama, perímetro escrotal ao sobreano e escore visual de musculosidade ao sobreano. Três cenários foram simulados a partir de um banco de dados composto apenas por animais com pedigree completo (grupo controle). O primeiro teve 30% dos animais com identificação de pai apagada, o segundo 50% e um terceiro com 70%. As estratégias de formação de GG foram: a fazenda de nascimento do animal com paternidade desconhecida; o ano de nascimento (SAFRA) e a concatenação de ano de nascimento e fazenda de nascimento (FAZSAFRA). Os componentes de variância foram calculados para o banco controle pelo software VCE e os valores genéticos foram preditos pelo software PEST, utilizando duas estruturas de modelo animal que se diferenciaram pela inclusão ou não do efeito fixo de GG. A definição da estrutura de grupo genético aditivo adequado à avaliação genética dos animais foi baseada na eficiência de seleção e na comparação entre os valores genéticos preditos quanto aos seus valores absolutos e quanto à classificação dos animais, sendo que animais do grupo controle foram assumidos como tendo o máximo em resposta à seleção genética. Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos genéticos aditivos proporcionam uma melhora na predição genética dos animais com paternidade desconhecida. As estratégias que proporcionaram valores mais próximos aos do grupo controle foram SAFRA e FAZSAFRA e, mesmo com similaridade de valores, a estratégia SAFRA foi superior na seleção dos melhores animais. / The structure of genetic groups is a technique that allows that animals with unknown paternity be included in breeding programs. The ways these groups are formed are still arbitrary, which makes it important to study formation methodologies of genetic groups aiming an appropriate framework for the evaluation of livestock in animal breeding programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define the structure of genetic group suited to genetic evaluations, comparing them regarding changes in the effective efficiency of the process of animals with unknown parentage. The characteristics studied were: weaning weight, post-weaning weight, post-weaning weight gain, scrotal circumference at 18 months of age and visual muscularity score at 18 months of age. Three scenarios were simulated from a database consisting only of complete pedigree animals (control group). The first had 30% of animals with identification of father off, the second with 50% and a third with 70%. The training strategies additive genetic groups were: the farm of birth of the animal with unknown parentage; birth year (SAFRA) and the concatenation of year of birth and birth farm (FAZSAFRA). The variance components were calculated for the data bank control program by VCE and breeding values were predicted using PEST software, with two structures of animal models that differ by the inclusion or not of the fixed effect of additive genetic group. The definition of the structure of genetic group suitable for genetic evaluation of animals was based on the efficiency of selection and comparison of estimated breeding values to the \"control\" breeding values and the classification of animals, while control animals were assumed to have the maximum response to selection whereas the choice of any other group of animals results in a reduction thereof. The results demonstrated that the additives genetic groups provide an improvement in the genetic prediction of animals with unknown paternity. Strategies that provided values closer to those of the control group were SAFRA and FAZSAFRA and even with similarity values, strategy SAFRA was superior in selecting the best animals.
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Construção de sentidos sobre a participação do pai no tratamento de filhas com diagnóstico de transtornos alimentares / Construction of meanings about the father\'s participation in the treatment of daughters diagnosed with eating disordersSaviolli, Carolina Mota Gala 09 November 2012 (has links)
O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi compreender o processo de construção de sentidos sobre a participação do pai no contexto de tratamento dos transtornos alimentares. A partir da utilização de uma perspectiva construcionista social, esses transtornos passaram a ser compreendidos enquanto construções sociais, da mesma maneira que o lugar do pai na atualidade. Esse objetivo foi delineado a partir da experiência em um serviço especializado de atendimento, o Grupo de Assistência em Transtornos Alimentares (GRATA), no qual se denotava a maior presença das mães nas estratégias oferecidas, assim como do diálogo com a literatura científica, que apontava reduzidos estudos que focalizassem o discurso paterno. Como objetivos específicos, buscaram-se compreender como os discursos sociais da atualidade contribuem para a construção de sentidos sobre a participação do pai, e quais limites eles circunscrevem em termos das ações tomadas. Para isso, foram conduzidas 12 entrevistas individuais com pais cujas filhas estivessem em seguimento no serviço naquele momento e, em um caso apenas, com o pai de uma filha que havia recebido alta do serviço. O roteiro de entrevista utilizado tratava de temas considerados relevantes para esse contexto, mas, pela vasta quantidade de material, um recorte precisou ser aplicado, tendo como critério priorizar os sentidos construídos que contribuíram mais diretamente para a construção da participação do pai no tratamento. As entrevistas foram transcritas literalmente e na íntegra, constituindo o corpus de análise. A análise foi empreendida com base na Teoria Relacional do Sentido e na Teoria das Práticas Discursivas e Produção de Sentidos no Cotidiano. Foram enfatizados também os jogos de linguagem e de posicionamento situados na relação pesquisadora-colaborador, considerando a linguagem em uso como ação, construtora de realidades. A partir desse empreendimento relacional, foi possível discutir alguns pontos relevantes para a compreensão da temática: o posicionamento da pesquisadora enquanto psicóloga do serviço e como isso delimitou os sentidos produzidos nas interações; a valorização do conhecimento especializado; a construção ampliada da participação do pai para além das atividades oferecidas no contexto hospitalar, como seu lugar de apoio à filha e à esposa, especialmente; o cuidado como ação paterna. Tais sentidos foram confrontados com os validados pela literatura na área, e iniciadas algumas reflexões no sentido de ampliar a negociação sobre a participação do pai, utilizando, para tanto, algumas ferramentas conversacionais construcionistas, como a de self relacional e da responsabilidade relacional. Espera-se que os resultados possam auxiliar os profissionais e os serviços de saúde que atendem a essa população a uma relação mais colaborativa com esses pais, na qual haja o diálogo com esses atores e legitimação desse saber, buscando contextos de assistência que sejam mais convidativos para eles. Isso talvez contribua para uma ressignificação de seu lugar no tratamento de suas filhas. / The aim of this study was to understand the meaning construction process about the father\'s participation in the treatment context of eating disorders. Based on the use of a social constructionist perspective, these disorders are understood as social constructions, in the same way as the father\'s place nowadays. This aim was outlined departing from the experience at an specialized care service, the Eating Disorder Care Group (GRATA), where the greater presence of mothers in the strategies offered was observed, as well as from the dialogue with scientific literature, which appointed limited studies that focused on paternal discourse. As specific aims, we attempted to understand how current social discourse contributes to the construction of meanings about the father\'s participation, and what limits they circumscribe in terms of what actions need to be taken. Therefore, individual interviews were held with 12 fathers whose daughters were under treatment at the time of the research. In only one case the daughter had been discharged from the service. The interview script addressed themes that are considered relevant for this context but, due to the great amount of material, an excerpt was taken, prioritizing the meanings that most directly contributed to the construction of the father\'s participation in treatment. The interviews were completely and literally transcribed, constituting the analysis corpus. To undertake the analysis, the concepts proposed in the Theory of Meaning and the Theory of Discursive Practices and Production of Meanings in Daily Life. Language and positioning games were emphasized that are situated in the relation between researcher and collaborator, considering the language used as action, as a constructor of reality. Based on this relational undertaking, some relevant aspects to understand the theme could be discussed: the researcher\'s positioning as the service psychologist and how this outlined the meanings produced in the interactions; the valuation of specialized knowledge; the expanded construction of the father\'s participation beyond the activities offered in the hospital context, especially as his place to support his daughter and wife; care as paternal action. These meanings were confronted with those validated in literature in the area, and some reflections started in order to broaden the negotiation about the father\'s participation, using some constructionist conversation tools for this purpose, including the concept of relational self and the concept of relational responsibility. We hope the results can help health professionals and services that deliver care to this population to achieve a more collaborative relation with these partners, which is open to dialogue and can result in care contexts that are more inviting to them, legitimizing this knowledge. This may contribute to attribute a new meaning to their place in their daughters\' treatment.
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