Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-20T16:33:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Nunes da Luz.pdf: 382023 bytes, checksum: 08d92e3154572bc09390dc2370ab2019 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T16:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Nunes da Luz.pdf: 382023 bytes, checksum: 08d92e3154572bc09390dc2370ab2019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work had for objective esteem the genetic parameters in hybrid populations of peanut for on characters the production, related to the peg and evaluate through the genotypic correlation and of the coefficient of path analysis contribution in the selection for production of pods per plant. One used F2 lines of a crossing between varieties BR 1 and advanced line CNPA 280 AM. The crossings had been carried through in house of vegetation of the UFRPE and gotten lines F 1 inbreeding. The F2 lines had been cultivated in field in the cities of Abreu e Lima and GoianaPE, in regimen of dry land, the period of May the Agost in 2008. The adoptedexperimental delineation was blocks to random with 3 blocks. The reproductive efficiency (EF1 and EF2), the total number of pegs (NGT), the number of pegs in first part of the plant (NGTI), the height of the main stem (AHP) and the number of pods (NVP) for plant had been evaluated. The data had been processed by applicatory the computational SAS assuming a mixing model. The estimates of the genetic parameters had been gotten by method RELM (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) and the individual genotypics values predicted by BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). The environment variance was biggest the genotypic, in all the describers in the two studied environments. The magnitude of the heritability for all the describers was environments enters low and medium, indicating bigger perspective of selection in post generations. The magnitude of the heritability all the describers in the two studied environments showed enters low and medium, indicating bigger perspective of selection in post generations. The lines L.8 e L.11 showed biggest level of reproductive efficiency, more than hability for transform pegs in mature pods. The describers NGTI offers to greater possibility of selection for production of pods. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar os parâmetros genéticos em populações segregantes de amendoim para caracteres ligados a produção, associados ao ginóforo e avaliar via correlação genotípica e coeficiente de trilha os de maior contribuição na seleção para produção de vagens por planta. Foram utilizados progênies F2 de um cruzamento entre as variedades BR 1 e a linha avançada CNPA 280 AM, que possuem: alta capacidade produtiva e floração concentrada na base da planta com alta eficiência reprodutiva, respectivamente. Os cruzamentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação da UFRPE, sendo as progênies F 1 obtidas postas para autofecundar. As progênies F2 foram cultivadas em campo nos municípios de Abreu e Lima e GoianaPE, em regime de sequeiro, noperíodo de maio a agosto de 2008. O delineamento experimental adotado foi blocos ao acaso com 3 blocos. A colheita procedeu-se em média aos 90 dias após o plantio. Foram avaliadas a eficiência reprodutiva (EF1 e EF2), o número total de ginóforos (NGT), o número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta (NGTI), a altura da haste principal (AHP) e o número de vagens por planta (NVP). Os dados foram processados pelo aplicativo computacional SAS assumindo um modelo misto. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram obtidas pelo método RELM (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) e os valores genotípicos individuais preditos pelo método BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). A variância ambiental foi superior as demais para todos os descritores nos dois locais estudados. A magnitude da herdabilidade para todos os descritores situou-se entre baixa e mediana, indicando maior perspectiva de seleção em gerações posteriores. Os maiores valores genotípicos individuas foram obtidos para o descritor NGTI. A predição dos valores genéticos individuais obtidos BLUP auxilia melhor na seleção das linhagens deamendoim no inicio do melhoramento do que as estimativas de herdabilidade, para os descritores estudados. As linhagens L.8 e L.11, apresentaram os melhores níveis de eficiência reprodutiva EF1 e EF2, se mostrando mais aptas a transformar ginóforos em vagens maduras. Pela análise de trilha, observa-se que o descritor número de ginóforos no terço inferior da planta oferece maior possibilidade de seleção para produção de vagens.

Background: Despite the contraceptive prevalence of 67.4% in Morocco, one woman out of 10 has unmet need for birth spacing or limiting and, only one woman out of two is using modern contraception. Although, Moroccan national family program [FP] was launched in the sixties and aimed to increase use of FP among married Moroccan women; the program is still facing some limits to improve couple’s contraceptive care. This paper examines to what extent women’s status, husband’s FP approval and mass media positive exposure to FP messages translate into increased modern contraceptive uptake. This study uses the socio ecological framework to assess factors that influence FP use among married women in Morocco. In this model factors from individual, interpersonal and programmatic levels were identified based on a review of the literature as having an effect on contraception use. Objectives: The main objectives of this study are to: (1) explore the effect of women’s status including their education, their occupation and, their FP decision making on women’s desire for more children, (2) examine if husbands’ FP approval impacts women’s fertility desire, (3) assess how positive mass media FP messages ‘exposure influences women’s desire for children, (4) explore the effect of women’s fertility desire on women’s FP approval and,(5) assess if women’s FP approval increases modern contraception adoption. Methods: This analysis is based on secondary data from the 2004 Demographic Health Survey and, 2011 Morocco National Survey on Population and Family Health which were conducted among married women aged between 15 and 49 years old. Data were collected using a two-stage sampling scheme and the study population was 8,106 women in 2004 and 9,317 women in 2011. Path analysis, using series of multiple regression modeling analyses, was conducted to investigate the relationship between women’s desire for more children and predictors related to women’s status, husbands’ FP approval and, women’s exposure to FP messages via mass media. Full models were fitted to test the relationships between women’s desire for more children and women’s FP approval; women’s approval of FP and modern contraception use. Results: Descriptive analysis between 2004 data and 2011 data analysis showed similar results for women’s and husbands’ predictors. Women in 2011 who used modern contraception were mostly aged more than 35 years old (51%), lived in urban areas (56%), mostly rich (40.3%), educated (46%), with no occupation (89%), did not decide FP use alone (73.3%), whose husbands discussed FP with them (62%) and, approved contraceptive use (98%). Positive exposures to FP messages on mass media were measured only in 2004 data and showed that among women who adopted modern contraception, only 2.9% read FP messages in newspapers, 12.6% heard them in the radio and 25.5% heard them on television. Path analyses showed some differences between 2004 data and 2011data. In 2011 data educated women were 1.42 (O.R. = 1.42, C.I. 1.26–1.6) more likely to desire more children than those with no education. Women with occupation were 1.25 (O.R. = 1.25, C.I. 1.01–1.47) times more likely to desire children than those with no occupation. However, women’s education and women’s occupation factors were not related to women’s fertility desire in 2004 data. Husbands’ FP approval was not significantly associated to women’s fertility desire in both 2004 and 2011 data analyses. Mass media exposure to FP messages was examined only in 2004 and showed no significant association with women’s fertility desire. Similar results were observed between 2004 data and 2011 data and showed that women who decided for FP were 0.75 (O.R. = 0.75, C.I. 1.01–1.47) times less likely to desire more children than those who were not FP decision makers. Moreover, in 2004 women who decided for FP were 2, 32 times more likely to use modern contraception than women who were not FP decision makers [O.R. 2, 31 (CI 1.79-3.01)]. In 2011 data analysis, women who approved FP were 5.72 (O.R. = 5.72, C.I. 3.06–10.7) more likely to use modern contraception than those who did not approve FP. Furthermore, women whose husbands approved FP were 2.55 times more likely to adopt modern contraception (O.R. = 2.55, CI 1.845-3.513). Conclusions: This study results indicated women’s and, husband’s factors affecting women’s fertility desire and women’s contraceptive use. The factors effects varied between 2004 data and 2011 data. In 2011 data women’s education, women’s occupation, women’s FP decision making and, husbands’ FP discussion variables, had a significant effect on women’s fertility desire. However, in 2004 data only husband’s FP discussion had a positive effect on women’s fertility desire which had a positive effect on women’s FP approval. Women’s exposure to mass media FP messages did not have a significant effect on both women’s fertility desire and women’s contraceptive outcomes. Husbands’ FP approval and husbands’ FP discussion with their wives were highly predictive for women’s contraceptive use and remained essential factors for which Moroccan health policy makers should take into consideration in order to reduce unmet needs and improve couple’s contraceptive care in Morocco. / acase@tulane.edu

The aim of the research project that is the subject of this thesis is to apply mathematical techniques, especially those in the area of operations research, to the problem of maritime minefield transit. We develop several minefield models applicable to different aspects of the minefield problem. These include optimal mine clearance, shortest time traversal and time constrained traversal. We hope the suite of models and tools developed will help make mine field clearance and traversal both safer and more efficient and that exposition of the models will bring a clearer understanding of the mine problem from a mathematical perspective. In developing the solutions to mine field models, extensive use is made of network path planning algorithms, particularly the Weight Constrained Shortest Path Problem (WCSPP) for which the current state-of-the-art algorithm is extended. This is done by closer integration of Lagrangean relaxation and preprocessing to reduce the size of the network. This is then integrated with gap-closing algorithms based on enumeration to provide optimal or near optimal solutions to the path planning problem. We provide extensive computational evidence on the performance of our algorithm and compare it to other algorithms found in the literature. This tool then became fundamental in solving various separate minefield models. Our models can be broadly separated into obstacle models in which mine affected regions are treated as obstacles to be avoided and continuous threat in which each point of space has an associated risk. In the later case, we wish to find a path that minimizes the integral of the risk along the path while constraining the length of the path. We call this the Continuous Euclidean Length Constrained Minimum Cost Path Problem (C-LCMCPP), for which we present a novel network approach to solving this continuous problem. This approach results in being able to calculate a global lower bound on a non-convex optimization problem.

本研究主要是研究台灣廠商進行國際採購時，企業策略對零組件國際採購 策略之影響，進而探討國際採購策略對產品績效的影響，具言之，研究目 的分為下列七項：一．比較製鞋工業和資訊工業的零組件國際採購策略有 無明顯差異。二．探討公司特性對零組件國際採購策略的影響。三．探討 市場特性對零組件國際採購策略的影響。四．探討產業特性對零組件國際 採購策略的影響。五．探討附加價值鏈策略選擇對零組件國際採購策略的 影響。六．探討產品策略對零組件國際採購策略的影響。七．探討零組件 國際採購策略對產品績效的影響。本研究利用路徑分析得到以下結論：結 論一：對企業而言，國外市場的重要性將使得企業為因應國外市場需求而 增加對國外的採購，此外，製鞋業的外銷經驗亦對其 海外採購有 所幫助；企業在國內與外商合作，亦可經由該管 道協助進行國外 採購。結論二：不論是鞋類產品或是資訊產品，其產品生命週期愈長，則 產 品零組件變化程度較小，與供應商維持平均年限較長，且零 組件標準化程度較高。而產品本身改變程度較大，則易採取 零組件外包策略；對資訊業而言，製程改變所造成生產設備 的 改變程度較大，因此易使用海外外部供應商。結論三：資訊業進行國際採 購時並非以接近當地市場為目的，而是以 技術及生產方面為考量 ；製鞋業仍是以採購地點與價值活動 地點之地理距離為考量。結 論四：對資訊業而言，各地的採購比例大部分與採購關鍵零組 傢騿A製鞋 業亦同。 結論五：不論是資訊業 或是製鞋業，兩者創新程度高，則為了維持技 術優勢，將會與海 外供應商進行技術互惠合作；而產品標準 化程度增加，亦將會使 海外採購品的標準化程度增加；值得 注意的是，由於專業分工的 細密，外部海外專業供應商可提 供品質較好之零組件。結論六： 對製鞋業而言，海外採購對產品績效較有幫助。結論七：公司競爭能力及 規模，對於執行國際採購的能力確有幫助。

<p>Body image concerns and dieting emerge at an early age among girls and become more pronounced with increasing age. Knowledge about risk factors for disturbed eating is crucial in order to develop theoretical models and to suggest new paths for preventive efforts. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the development of disturbed eating and to evaluate a conceptual model of predictors of body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating in girls. The included studies are part of a seven-year longitudinal project employing an accelerated multi-cohort design, including several age groups (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 years at inclusion). </p><p>Study I demonstrated a marked increase in the wish to be thinner and dieting attempts between the ages 10–14 and 9–13 years, respectively. In Study II, the Body Mass Index (BMI) predicted weight-related teasing and body dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction predicted restrained eating among Swedish girls in Grade 8 and Australian girls in Grades 7 and 8. Weight-related teasing partially mediated between BMI and body dissatisfaction in all three samples. Study III partially supported a conceptual model implying that BMI, weight-related teasing, and body dissatisfaction at 7–11 years predicted restrained eating among girls 12–14 years old. Study IV provided support for a conceptual model positing that BMI, body esteem, and to some extent weight-related teasing, predict body dissatisfaction and restrained eating during adolescence and young adulthood. </p><p>In conclusion, there was partial support for a conceptual model including these risk factors for disturbed eating among girls.</p>

We examined relations between eye movements (single-fixation durations) and RSVP-based event-related potentials (ERPs; N400’s) recorded during reading the same sentences in two independent experiments. Longer fixation durations correlated with larger N400 amplitudes. Word frequency and predictability of the fixated word as well as the predictability of the upcoming word accounted for this covariance in a path-analytic model. Moreover, larger N400 amplitudes entailed longer fixation durations on the next word, a relation accounted for by word frequency. This pattern offers a neurophysiological correlate for the lag-word frequency effect on fixation durations: Word processing is reliably expressed not only in fixation durations on currently fixated words, but also in those on subsequently fixated words.

Body image concerns and dieting emerge at an early age among girls and become more pronounced with increasing age. Knowledge about risk factors for disturbed eating is crucial in order to develop theoretical models and to suggest new paths for preventive efforts. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the development of disturbed eating and to evaluate a conceptual model of predictors of body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating in girls. The included studies are part of a seven-year longitudinal project employing an accelerated multi-cohort design, including several age groups (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 years at inclusion). Study I demonstrated a marked increase in the wish to be thinner and dieting attempts between the ages 10–14 and 9–13 years, respectively. In Study II, the Body Mass Index (BMI) predicted weight-related teasing and body dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction predicted restrained eating among Swedish girls in Grade 8 and Australian girls in Grades 7 and 8. Weight-related teasing partially mediated between BMI and body dissatisfaction in all three samples. Study III partially supported a conceptual model implying that BMI, weight-related teasing, and body dissatisfaction at 7–11 years predicted restrained eating among girls 12–14 years old. Study IV provided support for a conceptual model positing that BMI, body esteem, and to some extent weight-related teasing, predict body dissatisfaction and restrained eating during adolescence and young adulthood. In conclusion, there was partial support for a conceptual model including these risk factors for disturbed eating among girls.

The purpose of this study is to invetigate the causal relationships among 12th grade students&rsquo / geometry knowledge regarding prisms and pyramids, spatial ability, gender, and school type. Path analysis was used to test the relationships among knowledge factors (declarative, conditional, and procedural knowledge), spatial ability factors (spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial perception ability), gender (female and male), and school type (general high schools and Anatolian high schools). Knowledge factors and spatial ability factors were determined by carrying out confirmatory factor analysis for the Prisms and Pyramids Knowledge Test and Purdue Spatial Visualization Test separately. Results revealed the bilateral relations among students&rsquo / declarative, conditional and procedural knowledge / and the bilateral relations among spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial perception ability. When relations among spatial ability factors and knowledge factors were examined, the importance of the students&rsquo / spatial abilities on geometry performance was exposed explicitly. Spatial visualization and mental rotation ability have positive direct effects on all knowledge factors. Additionally, spatial perception ability have positive direct effect on declarative and procedural knowledge. On the other hand, school type has positive direct effects on students&rsquo / geometry knowledge factors and spatial ability factors. These effects exposed the superiority of students in Anatolian high schools in respect of students in general high schools. Moreover, direct effects of gender on mental rotation ability, spatial perception ability, and declarative knowledge were found. Although, results presented the male superiority in mental rotation and spatial perception abilities, direct effect of gender on declarative knowledge indicate the female advantage.

A path model of second language (L2; English) oral language and reading comprehension variables was tested on a sample of 100 Spanish-speaking English-language learners enrolled in a transitional bilingual program over a 3-year period. The data collected were a part of a longitudinal, federally funded experimental project entitled English Language and Literacy Acquisition (Project ELLA). The purpose of this study was (a) to test a path model on discrete L2 academic language proficiency variables on L2 reading comprehension, (b) to test a path model on discrete L2 academic language proficiency variables and L2 reading comprehension on L1 reading comprehension, and (c) to compare the influence of L2 language development on reading comprehension development in L2 and L1 between students enrolled in transitional bilingual education experimental (TBE-E) classrooms and those enrolled in the transitional bilingual education control or typical (TBE-T) classrooms. Results indicated the two groups did not differ significantly in their overall levels of achievement. However, striking differences were noted in how the academic language proficiency variables influenced reading comprehension outcomes. English listening comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar had significant influences on reading comprehension in the TBE-E group while English listening comprehension was the only predictor variable for the TBE-T group. Cross-linguistic transfer was established in the TBE-E group from English reading comprehension to Spanish reading comprehension whereas no transfer was detected in the TBE-T group. It is evident that high quality comprehensive ESL instruction develops academic oral language proficiency that contributes to effective reading comprehension while students continue to learn in their native language. However, in the absence of a high quality ESL instruction, students may develop academic oral language proficiency, but are ineffective in utilizing these skills for reading comprehension. It is also evident that time spent developing quality L2 reading comprehension influences L1 reading comprehension even though less time is spent in L1, suggesting cross-linguistic transfer from L2 to L1. More effective English skills coupled with effective native language skills suggests the TBE-E students have added cognitive benefits of bilingualism while the TBE-T students remain ineffective in using available language proficiency skills for effective reading comprehension.

This thesis presents several studies of normative development in adolescence, focusing specifically on internalized perceptions of parents’ early behavior and how these perceptions affect the self-concept and social functioning during. Questions of possible age and gender differences in relation to perceptions of self-concept and early parental behavior are addressed. The patterns found in a normal adolescent group are compared with those in a group of adolescents with antisocial problems. Two hundred seventy-seven normal adolescents aged 12 to18 and 30 adolescents with antisocial problems aged 13-19 were investigated. The following self-administered instruments were used: self-concept assessments, the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) introject questionnaire, perception of early parental behavior assessment, the SASB mother/father questionnaires, and the EMBU (A Swedish acronym for “own memories of upbringing”). The Youth Self Report checklist (YSR) was used to assess internalizing and externalizing problems. Studies I and II showed that the normal adolescent self-concept and perception of early parental behavior were positive and that there were no age or gender differences. The antisocial group of adolescents, and particularly the antisocial girls, showed a more autonomous and negative self-concept and more negative perceptions of early parental behaviors. Study III showed that a positive self-concept was related to a positive perception of parent’s early behavior. Study IV showed that an adolescent’s positive self-concept was influenced by a mix of mother acting positively and father acting with control. Adolescent self-control was indirectly influenced by parental control behavior mediated through self-affiliation. Study V showed that a positive self-concept was important for adjustment. A negative self-concept combined with female gender was a risk factor for internalizing problems. Self-control had only a small effect on social adjustment in adolescence. The relationship between a negative self-concept and externalizing problem behavior was stronger for adolescents aged 15 to 16 than for younger or older adolescents. Internalizing problem behavior influenced externalizing problems. The results presented in this thesis support a modified “storm-and-stress” view of adolescence and highlight the importance of promoting a positive self-concept in every adolescent in various psychosocial contexts.