This project looks at two members of Florence’s Medici family, Cosimo il Vecchio (1389-1464) and Duke Cosimo I (1519-1574), in an attempt to assess how they used the patronage of art to facilitate their rule. By looking at their individual political representations through art, the specifics of their propagandist works and what form these pieces of art came, it is possible to analyze their respective rules. This analysis allows for a clearer understanding of how these two men, each in very different positions, found art as an ally for their political endeavors. While they were in power only one hundred years apart, they present uniquely different strategies for the purpose of creating and maintaining their power through the patronage of art.

The hypothesis of this study is as follows: If Psalm 47 is analysed intra-, inter and extratextually, we will be able to gain greater insight into the cultural and historical context in which it originated, the cultic use of the Psalm in later periods, as well as its general meaning. All this is done to determine whether there are any indications of universalism in Psalm 47 and that has indeed been found to be the case on various grounds. Each chapter deals with one of these aspects. Chapter 1 forms the introduction that stipulates the research question and how the study will go about resolving it. Chapter 2 focuses on an intratextual analysis of Psalm 47 in an attempt to determine the interrelatedness of all textual features (morphology, syntax, poetic stratagems, structure, genre) on the literary level. This analysis will aid the interpreter in establishing a structure of the text, suggesting one that could meet with relative consensus amongst some exegetes. It, in turn, forms the framework for the socio-historical interpretation of the text. Other interpretation problems such as its Gattung, Sitz im Leben and dating are also discussed in this section. Chapter 3 investigates Psalm 47 from an intertextual perspective. Attention is paid to similarities with other texts in the immediate and more remote context of the psalm. An intertextual analysis is conducted between Psalm 47 and Psalms 46 and 48, and a brief overview of intertextual relations between Psalm 47 and the rest of the Korahite Psalms are given. Here the study links up with a recent trend in Psalms research, namely to concentrate less upon individual poems and their so-called Sitz im Leben and more upon the composition and redaction of the Psalter as a book especially by focussing on concatenation of a psalm and the psalms which follow on it and precede it. Attention is also given to a spatial reading of these texts to understand how they fit into the Ancient Near Eastern spatial orientation, but also transcend it. Chapter 4 consists of an extratextual analysis of Psalm 47. It had three aims: First, to identify and explain terminology referring to patronage and how patron-client/vassal relationships functioned in the Ancient Near East. This was done through a socio-scientific investigation of the poem in its social context, in order to understand the behaviour of the different role-players in the psalm. Second, to identify and explain war terminology occurring in Psalm 47. Third, to “illustrate” the psalm by investigating Ancient Near Eastern iconography and art. The main goal of this chapter was to gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between Israel and her neighbours. Are the nations considered to be incorporated into Israel or do they function merely as a vassal to their patron in Psalm 47:10? Chapter 5 is a summary of the insights gained in the previous chapters. It critically discusses the results of the study, the conclusions reached, the contribution of this work to the field of study, areas opened for further research, and possible shortcomings in the researcher’s own approach. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

Medieval Castle Chapels in Bohemia The work deals with castle chapels in Bohemia in the High and Late Middle Ages. It concerns the artistic design and typology of chapels and sacred space, their endowments and chaplains etc. Almost one hundred locations are documented where we can find one or more castle chapels preserved to various degrees. Keywords: Middle Ages, castle architecture, castle chapel, castle, chaplain, patronage, title

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[pt] A proposta desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os principais agentes de reescrita e de patronagem que concorreram para a inserção e difusão da obra de Emily Dickinson no sistema literário brasileiro, a partir da primeira tradução de Manuel Bandeira, em 1928, até os dias de hoje. Como aporte teórico, utilizamos a Teoria dos Polissistemas, de Itamar Even-Zohar (1997 [1990], 2005); os conceitos de reescrita e patronagem, de André Lefevere (1990, 1992); as noções de capital social, econômico, cultural e simbólico, de Pierre Bourdieu (1986), para informar a análise do perfil dos tradutores de Dickinson; e a Teoria dos Paratextos, de Gérard Genette (2009), na apresentação da poeta e de sua obra ao público leitor brasileiro. Constatamos que os poemas de Dickinson, embora tenham sido traduzidos a partir do início dos anos 1900, ganharam maior repercussão a partir de meados do século. A tradução de Cecília Meireles do poema “I died for Beauty”, em 1954, foi incluída em uma antologia de poesia estrangeira amplamente difundida no país; e a publicação da obra The Complete Poems of Dickinson, por Thomas H. Johnson, numa criteriosa edição de Harvard (1955), resgatando os poemas na íntegra, sem as correções de seus antigos editores, resultou na ressignificação de sua obra no polissistema literário dos EUA e também do Brasil. Vale mencionar as traduções de Dickinson feitas por Haroldo e Augusto de Campos e Décio Pignatari, do movimento concretista, que buscava chamar a atenção para os aspectos formais da poesia e não apenas para o seu conteúdo semântico. Verificamos também que a expansão dos Estudos da Tradução, que propiciou o surgimento de novas teorias, abordagens, métodos e conceitos, ampliando as perspectivas para o estudo da tradução de poesia, aliada à atuação dos agentes de reescrita e de patronagem e aos bem produzidos paratextos, muito contribuíram para a inserção e difusão da poesia de Dickinson no Brasil. / [en] The purpose of this thesis is to identify and analyze the main rewriting and patronage agents which contributed to the introduction and dissemination of Emily Dickinson s work in the Brazilian literary system, starting in 1928 with Manuel Bandeira s first translation up to this day. The research was informed by Itamar Even-Zohar s Polysystems Theory (1997 [1990], 2005); André Lefevere s concept of rewriting and patronage (1990, 1992); Pierre Bourdieu s notions of economic, cultural, and symbolic capital, instrumental to analyze the profile of Dickinson s translators; and Gérard Genette s Paratext Theory (2009), to discuss the presentation of the poet and her work to Brazilian readers. We found that Dickinson s poems, though they had been translated into Portuguese in the early 1900 s, gained greater repercussion since the middle of the century when Cecília Meireles s translation of I died for Beauty, in 1954, was included in an anthology of foreign poetry and widely disseminated in the country; and when the publication of The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson, edited by Thomas H. Johnson, in a careful Harvard edition, in 1955, recovered Dickinson s poems in full, without the corrections of her former editors, and resulted in the resignification of her work both in the U.S. literary polysystem and the Brazilian one. It is worth mentioning the translations of Dickinson s poems by Haroldo de Campos, Augusto de Campos, and Décio Pignatari, founders of the Concrete Movement, which intended to draw attention to the formal aspects of poetry, and not just to its semantic content. The expansion of Translation Studies, which led to the emergence of new theories, approaches, methods, and concepts, thus broadening the prospects for the study of poetry translation, combined with the performance of rewriters and patrons and with well-produced paratexts, has also greatly contributed to the introduction and dissemination of Dickinson s poetry in Brazil.

Location-based ads are defined as any ads that are sent by an identified source to consumers' mobile devices when they are around the advertised product/store. Although mobile ad spending is said to have accounted for 68% of all digital ad spending in 2020, knowledge of how businesses can use mobile and location-based technology to reach their customers effectively is limited. Thus, the purpose of this three-essay format dissertation is to review the literature on LBA and identify the gaps in the literature and attempt to address a few of these gaps in the remaining two essays. The second essay tests an integrated model by examining the effects of the various retailer and consumer-controlled factors on two retail performances. In the third essay, we explore how LBA affects different dimensions of consumer-brand engagement. The results and findings provide important implications for retailers and brands to increase their performances.

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