A construção do Estado brasileiro na primeira metade do século XIX foi um momento de debates políticos intensos em torno dos diversos projetos para a nação fundados no ideário liberal. A Igreja Católica, unida ao Estado sob o regime do Padroado Régio e ocupando uma posição central durante todo o período colonial, sofrerá forte ataque de parte dos membros do clero, entre os quais se destaca o padre Diogo Antônio Feijó, que defendia o regime regalista, desencadeando uma crise entre a Igreja brasileira e a Igreja de Roma. Estes conflitos perpassam a obra do viajante Daniel Parish Kidder que viveu no Brasil entre 1837 e 1840, a serviço da Sociedade Bíblica dos Estados Unidos, procurando difundir seus princípios religiosos de acordo com os padrões da modernidade. / The Brazilian States construction in the first half of 19th century was a moment of intense political debates around various projects for the nation based on liberal ideas. The Catholic Church united with the State under the Royal Patronage holding a central position during the entire Colonial Period would suffer a strong attack from some of the clergys members which stands out Father Diogo Antônio Feijó in defense of regalist regime triggering a crisis between Brazilian Church and Roman Church. These conflicts pervade the works of Daniel Kidder who lived in Brazil from 1837 to 1840, serving the American Bible Society in order to spread his religious principals according modernity standards.

Este estudo procura traçar o perfil do clero católico no Mato Grosso, especialmente aquele atrelado à Prelazia durante o período colonial. Busca-se compreender como a situação de fronteira inter-imperial, definiu os padrões de comportamento moral e as práticas de assistência religiosa no extremo ocidental da América portuguesa, desde a chegada dos primeiros eclesiásticos em 1720, no momento das primeiras descobertas auríferas pelos sertanistas paulistas; até à posse do primeiro bispo na Prelazia de Cuiabá em 1808. Nosso objetivo é analisar o processo de implantação da rede eclesiástica dependente do Bispado do Rio de Janeiro e as contradições geradas pela vigência do Padroado. Na condição de atores decisivos do devassamento e da conquista territorial, os eclesiásticos agiram e reagiram às ações regalistas da Coroa portuguesa, mas também se adaptaram, à precariedade do seu estatuto de clero encomendado, diferenciando-se, portanto do que ocorria em outras regiões da América portuguesa, onde prevalecia a primazia do clero colado. / This study propose a historical approach of the catholic clergy in the captaincy of Mato Grosso, mainly the one related to the Prelature occurred during the colonial period. The aim to comprehend how the circumstances of inter-imperial frontier defined the patterns of moral behavior and practices of religious assistance on the western frontier of Portuguese America, since the arrival of the first ecclesiastics in the year of 1720, at the time when occurred the earliest gold discoveries done by the sertanistas originated from Sao Paulo, until the period when the first bishop, took his office of the Prelature in Cuiabá in 1808. We aim to analyze the implementation of the ecclesiastical structure dependent on the Bishopric of Rio de Janeiro, as well as, the contradictions generated by the validity of the Patronage. The ecclesiastics, as decisive actors of the territorial conquest, acted and reacted to the Portuguese Crowns regalists actions, as well as, these clergymen also adapted themselves, concerning the precariousness of their ordained clergy status, differing, therefore, from what happened in other regions of Portuguese America, where the primacy of the clergy colado ( directly paid by the Crown) was prevailed.

Este estudo procura traçar o perfil do clero católico no Mato Grosso, especialmente aquele atrelado à Prelazia durante o período colonial. Busca-se compreender como a situação de fronteira inter-imperial, definiu os padrões de comportamento moral e as práticas de assistência religiosa no extremo ocidental da América portuguesa, desde a chegada dos primeiros eclesiásticos em 1720, no momento das primeiras descobertas auríferas pelos sertanistas paulistas; até à posse do primeiro bispo na Prelazia de Cuiabá em 1808. Nosso objetivo é analisar o processo de implantação da rede eclesiástica dependente do Bispado do Rio de Janeiro e as contradições geradas pela vigência do Padroado. Na condição de atores decisivos do devassamento e da conquista territorial, os eclesiásticos agiram e reagiram às ações regalistas da Coroa portuguesa, mas também se adaptaram, à precariedade do seu estatuto de clero encomendado, diferenciando-se, portanto do que ocorria em outras regiões da América portuguesa, onde prevalecia a primazia do clero colado. / This study propose a historical approach of the catholic clergy in the captaincy of Mato Grosso, mainly the one related to the Prelature occurred during the colonial period. The aim to comprehend how the circumstances of inter-imperial frontier defined the patterns of moral behavior and practices of religious assistance on the western frontier of Portuguese America, since the arrival of the first ecclesiastics in the year of 1720, at the time when occurred the earliest gold discoveries done by the sertanistas originated from Sao Paulo, until the period when the first bishop, took his office of the Prelature in Cuiabá in 1808. We aim to analyze the implementation of the ecclesiastical structure dependent on the Bishopric of Rio de Janeiro, as well as, the contradictions generated by the validity of the Patronage. The ecclesiastics, as decisive actors of the territorial conquest, acted and reacted to the Portuguese Crowns regalists actions, as well as, these clergymen also adapted themselves, concerning the precariousness of their ordained clergy status, differing, therefore, from what happened in other regions of Portuguese America, where the primacy of the clergy colado ( directly paid by the Crown) was prevailed.

This thesis offers a fresh study of the sources on the history of the city of Jerusalem in the period between the reigns of the Roman emperors Theodosius the Great and Justinian I. In the Holy Land, this period roughly coincides with the arrival of St Jerome in 385 and the completion of Jerusalem's last major church building before the Persian and Muslim conquests, the Nea church, dedicated in 543. One of the main aims of this thesis is to investigate the role of imperial patronage in the city and contrast it with the growing influence of local actors, i.e. bishops, monks, and rich pilgrims who settled there. My reading of the sources makes clear that Jerusalem and the imperial court were more closely connected than previously assumed. This manifested itself not only in imperial building projects, but also in the exchange of theological concepts and ideas. One of my key findings about this traffic is that the cult of saints was introduced to Jerusalem from Constantinople, while, in contrast, the veneration of the Virgin Mary originated in the holy city and reached the capital from there. The thesis offers a new interpretation of patriarchal politics in the times of the Christological controversies following the Council of Chalcedon (451) and of the political self-perception of Jerusalem from the beginning of the sixth century onwards, when the city with its loca sancta entered into a new form of relationship with the emperor Justinian, who bestowed his favour on Jerusalem in the form of imperial donations in return for the support of his ecclesiastical policies by the clergy and monks of Jerusalem.

A construção do Estado brasileiro na primeira metade do século XIX foi um momento de debates políticos intensos em torno dos diversos projetos para a nação fundados no ideário liberal. A Igreja Católica, unida ao Estado sob o regime do Padroado Régio e ocupando uma posição central durante todo o período colonial, sofrerá forte ataque de parte dos membros do clero, entre os quais se destaca o padre Diogo Antônio Feijó, que defendia o regime regalista, desencadeando uma crise entre a Igreja brasileira e a Igreja de Roma. Estes conflitos perpassam a obra do viajante Daniel Parish Kidder que viveu no Brasil entre 1837 e 1840, a serviço da Sociedade Bíblica dos Estados Unidos, procurando difundir seus princípios religiosos de acordo com os padrões da modernidade. / The Brazilian States construction in the first half of 19th century was a moment of intense political debates around various projects for the nation based on liberal ideas. The Catholic Church united with the State under the Royal Patronage holding a central position during the entire Colonial Period would suffer a strong attack from some of the clergys members which stands out Father Diogo Antônio Feijó in defense of regalist regime triggering a crisis between Brazilian Church and Roman Church. These conflicts pervade the works of Daniel Kidder who lived in Brazil from 1837 to 1840, serving the American Bible Society in order to spread his religious principals according modernity standards.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Nogueira Avelino.pdf: 1990208 bytes, checksum: 1711eb605a443649bd7823f4a76c1ba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Commercial Association of Amazonas (CAA) it was created in 1871, in one moment in that the patronage needed to place more pressure so much on the local State as well as on the concessionary companies of the public services. The objective was to assure economical advantages that guaranteed protection and to help against the foreign competition to improve the transport and to reduce the costs of the export of the eraser to the avid consuming markets of Europe. ACA was constituted like this as it legitimates representative of the interests of the patronage Amazonians before the society, producing a speech for your Magazine that sought to soften internal divergences and to organize strategies to assure the economical power and the political prestige of your members. Around the commercial institution the patronage, composed basically for the proprietors of the houses of trade, syringes owners and aviators, he knew how to elaborate an ideological project based on the uncertainties of the economy of the eraser at the beginning of the century XX and in the productive deficiency of the extrativismo of the eraser that guaranteed, above all, the largest control on the manpower adjusting her/ it to an organization model and efficiency based on the European models of production and I trade; that he/she had in the Portuguese element the ideal hard-working type, considered cheaper and orderly for the bourgeois pretensions. Seen by most of the authorities and of the bosses as an inferior class, the workers of the city of Manaus and mainly of the syringes of the interior they would be, according to the speeches of the Magazine of ACA (1908-1919), predisposed the vadiagem and to the mundane addictions for your rude and primitive nature, associated to the stigma of the indolence and of the incapacity of they manage your own lives. Therefore, it would be necessary that the patronage to act with the maximum of will and repression on the movements strikers and any other type of protest social expert as frolic act that disturbed your economical and political ambitions, even if such manifestations root justified for the poverty situation and hunger why still passed most of the workers in Belle Époque s called period / A Associação Comercial do Amazonas (ACA) foi criada em 1871, num momento em que o patronato precisava pressionar o Estado local e as empresas concessionárias dos serviços públicos para assegurar vantagens econômicas que garantissem proteção e ajudar contra a concorrência estrangeira e para melhorar o transporte e baratear os custos da exportação da borracha para os ávidos mercados consumidores da Europa. Assim a ACA constituía-se como legitima representante dos interesses do patronato amazonense perante a sociedade, produzindo um discurso pela sua Revista que visava amenizar divergências internas e organizar estratégias que assegurassem o poder econômico e o prestígio político de seus membros. Em torno da instituição comercial o patronato, composto basicamente pelos proprietários das casas de comercio, donos de seringais e aviadores, soube elaborar um projeto ideológico baseado nas incertezas da economia da borracha no começo do século XX e na deficiência produtiva do extrativismo da borracha que garantisse, acima de tudo, o maior controle sobre a força de trabalho ajustando-a a um modelo de organização e eficiência baseado nos modelos europeus de produção e comercio; que tinha no elemento português o tipo trabalhador ideal, considerado mais barato e ordeiro para as pretensões burguesas. Vistos pela maioria das autoridades e dos patrões como uma classe inferior, os trabalhadores da cidade de Manaus e principalmente dos seringais do interior estariam, conforme os discursos da Revista da ACA (1908-1919), predispostos a vadiagem e aos vícios mundanos pela sua natureza rude e primitiva, associada ao estigma da indolência e da incapacidade de gerirem suas próprias vidas. Logo, seria necessário que o patronato agir-se com o máximo de arbítrio e repressão sobre os movimentos grevistas e qualquer outro tipo de protesto social entendido como ato de baderna que atrapalhava suas ambições econômicas e políticas, mesmo que tais manifestações fossem justificadas pela situação de miséria e fome por que passava a maioria dos trabalhadores ainda no período chamado de Belle Époque

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Sociais (csociais-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-28T18:38:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fab?ola_Mattos_Pereira_Tes.pdf: 11933374 bytes, checksum: f94630b46262f7986df8390e4b02812d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-01T13:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fab?ola_Mattos_Pereira_Tes.pdf: 11933374 bytes, checksum: f94630b46262f7986df8390e4b02812d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T13:12:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fab?ola_Mattos_Pereira_Tes.pdf: 11933374 bytes, checksum: f94630b46262f7986df8390e4b02812d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / "Under which terms grant is requested" is a documental ethnography study of intervention practices about poor children, taking as the starting point the documental collection about an agricultural educational institution located in the municipality of Pelotas/RS, Brazil. The Agricultural Educational Institution is about one hundred years old. The expression frequently found in the studied documents, inspires the thesis title. This expression submits deeper bureaucratic process around the selection and inclusion of the students. I tried to investigate in that documents, the voices that, in dialogue with the public power, was documented in the official agencies, with the intention to answer "Who were the students and what were they searching for?" This investigation had an anthropologic way, focused in the individual who was object standarly of government intervention - the poor children and their families. Over those people concerned conceptions, practices, regulations, decisions and rules that not depended on their will, and is about this dynamic that this research pondered, an ethnography the routine lived by boys and girls that found the Visconde da Gra?a Educational Institution. Stablished with the Agricultural Patronage Visconde da Gra?a in the 1920s decade. Nowadays, the Institution works and has boarding school vacancy for young people who wants to live in, but notice the profile stablished to entrance is needed, the first of all, those poorest children as the beginning. Long years go by and the Institution has been going throughout changes as its name, in accordance with government and then changed the working dynamics, and as in the boarding school. Besides the changes in the Educational Institution, this investigation approachs the boarding school as the study object, with the aim of relativize it. Studying the intern dynamics and particularities of boarding school practice in the context of an agricultural Educational Institution, was the way to realize others aspects that could introduce the boarding school over the poverty, of the abandonment and the vulnerability. Without however to leave the perspective that notice the boarding school with the antique strategy and with extensively used for state agents to solve the problem of poor children and their families. / ?Nestes termos, pede deferimento? ? um estudo etnogr?fico-documental das pr?ticas de interven??es sobre crian?as pobres, tomando como ponto de partida o acervo de documentos relativos a uma institui??o de ensino agr?cola na cidade de Pelotas / RS, com quase cem anos de exist?ncia. A express?o, frequentemente encontrada nos documentos estudados, al?m de inspirar o t?tulo da tese, foi reveladora de aspectos mais profundos que cercaram as din?micas burocr?ticas de sele??o e inclus?o. Procurei investigar, nesses documentos, as vozes que, em interlocu??o com o Estado, ficaram registradas nos ?rg?os oficiais, com a inten??o de responder ?quem foram os alunos e o que buscavam??. Este estudo teve uma abordagem antropol?gica, focando sobre aqueles sujeitos que foram tradicionalmente objeto de interven??o estatal ? as crian?as pobres e suas fam?lias. Sobre esses sujeitos, incidiram concep??es, pr?ticas, estatutos, medidas, regulamentos que independiam de sua vontade, e ? sobre tais din?micas que este estudo se debru?ou, procurando etnografar o cotidiano vivido por meninos e meninas que recorreram ao Visconde da Gra?a. Fundada como Patronato Agr?cola Visconde da Gra?a na d?cada de 1920, a institui??o, ainda em funcionamento, mant?m a oferta do internato para jovens que nela desejarem permanecer, desde que observado o perfil estipulado para ingresso, priorizando, tal como em sua funda??o, aqueles mais pobres. Ao longo dos anos, a institui??o passou por diferentes transforma??es em sua nomenclatura, de acordo com as pol?ticas estatais e, viu alteradas suas din?micas de funcionamento, dentre as quais o internato se insere. Mais que apresentar as transforma??es da? decorrentes, esta investiga??o tomou a pr?tica de internamento como objeto de estudo, com a inten??o de relativiz?-la. Observar as din?micas internas e particularidades da pr?tica de internamento, no contexto de uma institui??o agr?cola, foi o caminho que permitiu perceber outros aspectos que justificaram/justificam o internamento, al?m da pobreza, do abandono e da vulnerabilidade, sem contudo, deixar de lado a perspectiva que coloca o internamento como estrat?gia antiga e amplamente utilizada pelos agentes estatais para lidar com o problema das crian?as pobres e suas fam?lias.

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die Befunde der Elitestudie Politisch-Administrative Elite 2013 (PAE 2013) über Zusammensetzung und Politisierung der bundesdeutschen Verwaltungseliten. Diese vierte nationale Replikation der Comparative Elite Studies zum Ende der 17. Legislaturperiode bringt überraschende Entwicklungen ans Licht: Hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung des Personals schreitet zwar die Feminisierung auch auf den Leitungsebenen fort und eine Berufsvererbung kann nicht mehr festgestellt werden, allerdings erlebt die Juristendominanz mit erstmals seit Jahrzehnten steigenden Werten ein Wiedererstarken. Der Grad an formaler Politisierung überrascht: Trotz des Verbleibs der CDU/CSU an der Macht findet ein umfassender Personalaustausch statt. Diese teils im Widerspruch zu etablierten Trends und Theorien stehenden Entwicklungen zeigen, dass das Feld der administrativen Elitenforschung auch zukünftig besondere Aufmerksamkeit verdient.

Is the risk of civil conflict related to the quality of government? This dissertation contributes to the quantitative research on this topic. First, it provides a more nuanced account of the role of the government in influencing the risk of civil conflict. In doing so, the dissertation bridges a gap between the quantitative literature, which primarily focuses on types of regimes, and the qualitative literature, which emphasizes variations in how political authority is exercised within these institutions. Second, the dissertation introduces novel measures of the quality of government, and tests their association with civil peace across countries, over time. The dissertation consists of an introductory chapter and four separate essays. Essay I examines the risk of conflict across different types of authoritarian regimes. The statistical results suggest that single-party regimes have a lower risk of civil conflict than military and multi-party authoritarian regimes. The finding is attributed to the high capacity for coercion and co-optation within single-party institutions. Essay II studies whether cross-national variations in the occurrence of civil conflict are due to differences in the quality of government. The essay finds that governments that are not able to carry through such basic governing tasks as protecting property rights and providing public goods, render themselves vulnerable to civil conflict. The focus of Essay III is on patronage politics, meaning that rulers rely on the distribution of private goods to retain the support necessary to stay in power. The statistical results suggest that patronage politics per se increase the risk of conflict. The conflict-inducing effect is mediated by large oil-wealth, however, because the government can use the wealth strategically to buy off opposition. Essay IV argues that patronage politics can also lead to violent conflict between groups. The results from a statistical analysis, based on unique sub-national data on inter-group conflict in Nigeria, are consistent with this argument. Taken together, the findings of this dissertation suggest that both the form and degree of government have a significant influence on the risk of civil conflict.

This dissertation examines three generations of the Beeston family and its revolutionary impact on the developing world of seventeenth-century London theatre management. Like other early modern businesses, the Beeston enterprise thrived on commercial innovation, the strategic cultivation of patronage, and a capacity to perpetuate itself dynastically. England’s mid-century political crisis disrupted the family’s commercial supremacy but its management system would endure as the de facto standard structuring successful theatre business long after the Restoration. Following a critical introduction to the early history of theatrical management, the thesis’s four chapters chart the creation and institution of the Beeston management model. Chapter One examines the early career of Christopher Beeston, a minor stageplayer from Shakespeare’s company in the 1590s who set out ambitiously to reshape theatrical management at Drury Lane’s Cockpit playhouse in 1616. Chapter Two analyzes Beeston’s later career, particularly his unique appointment as “Governor” of a new royal company in 1637. New evidence suggests that the office was a reward for service to the aristocratic Herbert family and that traditional preferment was therefore as important as market competition to the creation of the Caroline paradigm of autocratic theatrical “governance.” Chapter Three explores the overlooked career of Elizabeth Beeston who, upon inheriting the Cockpit in 1638, became the first woman in English history to manage a purpose-built London theatre. New evidence concerning her subsequent husband, Sir Lewis Kirke, an adventurer to Canada, ship-money captain, and Royalist military governor, indicates political ideology motivated their joint effort to keep the Beeston playhouse open during the civil wars. Chapter Four addresses the question of why the larger Beeston enterprise eventually collapsed even as the management system it refined continued to support later theatrical entrepreneurs. During the Interregnum, contemporaries anticipated that William and George Beeston, Christopher’s son and grandson, would eventually dominate a renascent London stage; however, managers such as William Davenant and Thomas Betterton ultimately adapted the Beeston system more efficiently to the political environment after 1660. Thereafter, exhausted patronage, lost assets, and the abandonment of family tradition marked the end of the Beestons’ influential association with the London stage.