Abstract With the rapid growth of economy, the People's Republic of China plays an important role in the global community since the reform and opening up in 1978. With the rising of China, China changes its view of the world. Under the concept of ¡§Five Principles¡¨, China changes its policy from ¡§tao guang yang hui¡¨ to peaceful rise and peaceful development. The study uses the approach of geopolitics to discuss the relationship between geography and strategy, geography is the foundation of national safety strategy, existence and development. Napoleon Bonaparte has said when you understand the geography of one nation, you can understand its foreign policy. The study uses the concept of China¡¦s peaceful rising to discuss the influences to other nations in Asia Pacific region including south and north Korea, Russia, Japan, Taiwan and ASEAN. By the way, after 911 Terrorist Attack, America changes its China policy and cooperates with China, China also improves it relationship with America at the same time. China¡¦s peaceful rising no doubt would influence the interests of America in Asia Pacific region, therefore, the study focuses on how would America face the situation of China¡¦s peaceful rising. On the early days of cold war, because of Taiwan¡¦s special geographical position, Taiwan became the foundation of America¡¦s deterrence theory. After the cold war, with the change of America¡¦s global strategy and the end of Vietnam war, Taiwan became less important. Besides, the hegemony of America is weaken in the end of cold war, China tries to become the superpower of Asia Pacific region with the concept of peaceful raising. To Taiwan, the rise of China will limit the development of Taiwan, Taiwan needs to consider the growth and decline of America and China in the future.

After the ending of the Cold War and the break down of the Soviet Union, the old polarized system collapsed and the new international structure of world powers hasn't formed yet in a short time. Researchers of international relations have diversely defined the new framework of world power as ¡§uni-polar¡¨¡B ¡§ multi-polar¡¨ or ¡§multi-powers under uni- polar¡¨. From the perspectives of China, the definition of ¡§ multi-powers under uni- polar¡¨ can most properly describe the new international system and is completely in accordance with the international strategy of China. In the assumption, uni-polar means US and multi-powers means other important powers, including major regional actors or groups like China､Russia､Japan､EU and some newly developing powers like India､Brazil and South Africa. In response to the huge change of international system and in order to develop much more power of influence on international affairs,China introduced the concept of ¡§New Security perspective¡¨ to try to develop common interests with major powers and neighboring states through cooperation and dialogues. Then in 2003, China publicly proposed the concept of ¡§Peaceful Rise¡¨ and soon has been regarded as competitive opponent by U.S.A and countries around China. The way China rose aroused the attention of the international society and ¡§China Threat Theory¡¨ has become more and more well-known. The purpose of this research is to explore the theoretical basis､strategic value and purposes of the theory about China's peaceful rise, and extensively to analyze how China develops new international strategies and comprehensive national power. Additionally, I try to develop findings about the theme and hope that will helpful for our government to scheme corresponding policies to ensure our national security.

Abstract 20 century end, the third wave democratization wave tide cause the snowballing effects, lead to the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe communist nation disintegration and walk the road that democracy transform. The Mainland China nature receives to relatively big impact, especially U.S¡Bformer Soviet Union the breakup of two very confrontation systems, make the western nation as to it¡¦s the military strategy and western value a victory of peaceful evolution believe deeply to do not move, cause the western nation more do not accept China domestic human rights to record not good. Under the effort of United Nations, the convenant of international human rights have become the human the lowest human rights standard possessed of 21 century, differ from the PRC regime words is a new imperialism to the China sovereignty of interfere with. The research believes at the world widespread acceptance democracy and human rights value, China will increase to the possibility that democracy transform.

My dissertation mainly focuses on the changing of China¡¦s soft power and tries to explain the reasons why Beijing loses its biding for Olympic Games in 1993. China¡¦s economic reforms have transformed its international status. Today China is already a country of rising power. In order to keep maintaining a peaceful international environment China has learnt to use soft issues to serve its national interests. Because changing China¡¦s image and undermining the scenario of a China threat were vital to Beijing and crucial to the future of its foreign policy, the analysis concerning China¡¦s rise should not focus entirely on the economic and military power. It is better for us to aim at filling that gap in knowledge about China¡¦s soft power and its increasingly sophisticated diplomacy. According to Joseph Nye, soft power is attracting force derived mainly from intangible resources such as national culture, political values, and its foreign policies. It is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments. Nye states that technological advances have led to a dramatic reduction in the cost of processing and transmitting information. The result is an explosion of information which leads to scarcity of attention. Therefore, attention becomes the scarce resource. Nye also finds that publics have become more wary and sensitized about propaganda. Governments are often mistrusted. Therefore, Nye suggests that governments to work with non-state actors, such as NGOs in international affairs. However, there are a lot of arguments about how to measure the soft power of a country or a private actor. Since converting resources into realized power in the sense of obtaining desired outcomes requires well-designed strategies and skillful leadership, I state that soft power results from the structural forces and media technology in the system. Through development of the analysis structure of soft power, including media technology, institution, and material resources, I examine several cases to prove that China is gradually enhancing its international position by means of changing its institutions and reinforcing its international communication abilities. Today, special events are more than just well-known athletic competitions and cultural performances. International Olympic Committee is an important non-state actor with charm and soft power in the international society. I use three chapters to deal with the topic that Beijing bided for 2000 and 2008 Olympic Game. My argument is that the issues of Deng Xiaoping¡¦s successor and overheated economic problem leaded to China¡¦s lost in biding for the Olympic Game in 1993.

Costa Rica is a small country located in Central America, characterized by having one of the most stable democracies in Latin America. Costa Rica was the first country in the world to officially abolish its armed forces (1949), following the Civil War in 1948. From the time of its foundation as a Republic, Costa Rica has been defined in terms of homogeneity and socio-economic equality. These two features have been recognized as the main elements of the country's national identity, and the reason for Costa Ricans to be perceived as peaceful and happy individuals. This research utilizes the methodological lens of Performance Studies to analyze these iconic elements of Costa Rican national identity and to challenge the view of Costa Rica as a paradise. Even though the international community continues defining this country in the same manner in which it was defined during the second part of the nineteen century, the reality is that during the last three decades this nation has changed so much that the same definition is not adequate anymore. Street violence in the country has become a threat to citizens of all socio-economic classes, taking away their peace and happiness. I analyze this development and the response by the citizens in an attempt to show that Costa Rica is facing an internal conflict that could have devastating on its society. Many social movements have formed during the last decade to try to bring Costa Rica back to the nation it was at the beginning of the twentieth century. The most important characteristic of these movements is that they try to unmask the country showing that it is not peaceful in an attempt to recover the peace they believed characterized the Costa Rica of their ancestors.

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O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Orientador: Suzeley Kalil Mathias / Banca: Samuel Alves Soares / Banca: Cristiano Morini / Resumo: A República Democrática do Timor Leste é um pequeno país de colonização portuguesa localizado na Ilha Timor, no Sudeste Asiático. Conquistou sua independência em 1975, mas foi invadido em seguida pela Indonésia e permaneceu sob ocupação durante 24 anos, o que jamais foi aprovado pela ONU. Atribui-se ao apoio ilimitado dos EUA, cujo objetivo alegado era conter o avanço do comunismo na região, a longevidade do domínio indonésio. Respondendo ao novo cenário internacional representado pela dissolução do bloco soviético, a ONU coordenou, em 1999, o plebiscito que garantiria ao Timor Leste sua independência, fazendo dele o primeiro novo Estado do século XXI. O objetivo deste trabalho é historiar este processo, considerado uma intervenção humanitária sob a bandeira da ONU, ressaltando nele o papel desempenhado pelas instituições multilaterais na edificação e conservação do Estado leste-timorense / Abstract: The Democratic Republic of East Timor is a small country of Portuguese colonization located in Timor Island in Southeast Asia. East Timor conquered its independence in 1975 but it was invaded soon after by Indonesia and for 24 years it remained under occupation, which was never approved by the United Nations. The occupation was long due to the unlimited support from the US, who claimed the containment of the communism in the region. Responding under the new world order, the UN on behalf of the Soviet Union coordinated in 1999 the referendum that would give East Timor the chance to be independent, making it the newest state in the 21st Century. This essay aims to historicize this process, taking into account the humanitarian intervention under the UN command and the role of the multilateral institutions in the building and the keeping of the East Timor state / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:57:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galdino_cf_me_mar.pdf: 769039 bytes, checksum: 091e9df8c1ba2a7b7ed3f60f024aac32 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A República Democrática do Timor Leste é um pequeno país de colonização portuguesa localizado na Ilha Timor, no Sudeste Asiático. Conquistou sua independência em 1975, mas foi invadido em seguida pela Indonésia e permaneceu sob ocupação durante 24 anos, o que jamais foi aprovado pela ONU. Atribui-se ao apoio ilimitado dos EUA, cujo objetivo alegado era conter o avanço do comunismo na região, a longevidade do domínio indonésio. Respondendo ao novo cenário internacional representado pela dissolução do bloco soviético, a ONU coordenou, em 1999, o plebiscito que garantiria ao Timor Leste sua independência, fazendo dele o primeiro novo Estado do século XXI. O objetivo deste trabalho é historiar este processo, considerado uma intervenção humanitária sob a bandeira da ONU, ressaltando nele o papel desempenhado pelas instituições multilaterais na edificação e conservação do Estado leste-timorense / The Democratic Republic of East Timor is a small country of Portuguese colonization located in Timor Island in Southeast Asia. East Timor conquered its independence in 1975 but it was invaded soon after by Indonesia and for 24 years it remained under occupation, which was never approved by the United Nations. The occupation was long due to the unlimited support from the US, who claimed the containment of the communism in the region. Responding under the new world order, the UN on behalf of the Soviet Union coordinated in 1999 the referendum that would give East Timor the chance to be independent, making it the newest state in the 21st Century. This essay aims to historicize this process, taking into account the humanitarian intervention under the UN command and the role of the multilateral institutions in the building and the keeping of the East Timor state

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HumbertoLLF_DISSERT.pdf: 1093833 bytes, checksum: 064965fb9cf18de70b5382ae2a3f273c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-12 / In the Brazilian legal context, conflict resolution is studied and analyzed over a majority jurisdictional view, which is one of the reasons of litigation culture that creates a jurisdictional resolution hopeness. The practical impact of such reality is the loss of quality in the public service of the judicial function, moved, as a rule, by the overcrowdings, slowness of legal procedures and the relegation of peaceful resolution methods to peripheral plan. However, the Federal Constitution of 1988, following the Ordinary Law constitutionalization phenomenon provides specific guidance about the values towards the litigation resolution. The study, therefore, aims to approach the constitutionalization of conflict resolution in order to identify, through scientific and spiritual interpretation in conjunction with the systematic paradigm, what are these values, as well as operation and legal representation and practice of these measurements. In this sense, the thesis is to study the initial point of the analysis of conflict theories and explanations about the culture of litigation matched with concepts of creation and interpretation, constitutionalization, access to justice and social pacification public policies. It is used for this purpose, the logical-deductive method with the aid of the dialectic immanent in Law / No contexto jur?dico brasileiro, a solu??o de conflitos ? estudada e analisada sob uma ?tica majorit?ria de judicialidade, raz?o pela qual se constata uma cultura demandista, cuja esperan?a resolutiva reside essencialmente nos provimentos jurisdicionais. A repercuss?o pr?tica de tal realidade ? a perda de qualidade no servi?o p?blico prestado pela fun??o judicial do Estado, impulsionada, em regra, pelo abarrotamento do Poder Judici?rio, morosidade dos procedimentos e relega??o de pr?ticas pac?ficas de resolu??o de controv?rsias a um plano perif?rico. Por?m, a Constitui??o Federal de 1988, seguindo o fen?meno constitucionalizador do direito ordin?rio, prev? orienta??es espec?ficas no que tange aos valores informadores da solu??o de lit?gios. Tem, portanto, o presente trabalho o escopo de abordar a constitucionaliza??o da solu??o pac?fica de conflitos no sentido de identificar, por interm?dio da interpreta??o cient?fico-espiritual em conjunto com o paradigma sistem?tico, quais s?o tais valores, bem como a operacionaliza??o e representa??o jur?dico-pr?tica dessas aferi??es. Nesse sentido, a disserta??o tem como ponto de estudo inicial a an?lise das teorias do conflito e esclarecimentos acerca da cultura da litig?ncia compatibilizados com conceitos de constitui??o e interpreta??o, constitucionaliza??o, acesso ? justi?a e pol?ticas p?blicas de pacifica??o social. Utiliza-se, para tal fim, o m?todo l?gico-dedutivo com o aux?lio da dial?tica imanente ? Ci?ncia Jur?dica

The great strategic distrust between the two world largest economic and military powers is one of the most debated topics in contemporary international relations. This thesis question if the current hegemon view its new competitor as an offensive or defensive realist state and which policies should consequently be taken. China’s policy of peaceful coexistence and the U.S attempt of global integration may not be fully compatible and the thesis illuminates the contradicting notions of China Confucius values and how they are visible in its foreign policy rhetoric. The thesis conclude by stating that the China’s ambitions in not seen as following the guidelines of a defensive realist state in the eye of the United States and that China’s so called unique characteristics and values are mere rhetoric that does not seem to shape its current foreign policy. The U.S response is so far a passive containment by increasing cooperation with other actors in the region as a balancing act while simultaneously cautiously engage and try to influence China to adopt policies fitting a global player and work for peaceful solutions to international problems. Thus China is not seen as either a friend or a foe but is currently viewed as being in a grey area of competitor and cooperator.