Title of thesis: Comparison to efficiency of recovery due to the change of speed and strenght indicators of women softbal players Compiled by: Bc. Veronika Sidorová Supervisor: PaedDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D. Objectives: The aim is to compare the efficiency of recovery in two regeneration procedures to change the speed and power indicators in extra league softbal player wore a short-motor performance. Methodology of work: The object of the study was 14 extra league softball player wore for which we have found with two wellness services (sports massage, cold water) effect on their speed and power indicators before load after load after one of the above procedures Types of motor test applied to the surveyed sample: 1.Linear sprint to 10 meters of semi-tall launch Stress test applied to the surveyed sample: 1.Load model for isokinetic dynamometer to Humac Norm (power-muscle contraction) The results: The results of the motor and the load test, we found that the stress occurred in the analysis focused on the decrease of muscular strength, but on each regeneration procedures, a significant improvement in performance even if not on the original values. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Le but de ce travail est de réaliser une étude approfondie des caractéristiques morphologiques des footballeurs algériens de 15-16 ans en vue d’améliorer les processus de détection et de formation de l’élite nationale. Pour cela, cette thèse repose sur deux études qui permettent d’une part de tracer le profil type des jeunes footballeurs Algériens et d’autre part d’évaluer l’influence de la maturation précoce ou tardive sur la sélection en équipe nationale. L’objectif de la première étude est la détermination du profil morphologique des jeunes footballeurs algériens de 15-16 ans où nous avons pris un échantillon de 146 joueurs ayant une moyenne d’âge de (15,61 ans ± 0,49), dont 25 font partie de l’équipe nationale (U-17) et 121 évoluant dans les quatre régions du pays (Est, Ouest, Centre et Sud). Nous nous sommes basés sur la méthode anthropométrique afin de pouvoir déterminer les différences morphologiques existantes entre les joueurs suivant le niveau de pratique et les compartiments de jeu. La comparaison entre les sélections par régions et les données de l’équipe nationale, nous renseigne sur la différence du niveau du développement morphologique existant. Ce dernier est en faveur de la sélection nationale, exception faite pour la sélection Est qui s’en rapproche. Selon les postes de jeu, nous constatons que résultats des jeunes footballeurs algériens de moins de 17 ans, sont conforment aux exigences du football par poste de jeu, définis par plusieurs auteurs. Cette étude, par rapport aux données internationales exploitées, met en évidence des différences significatives pour les indices du développement physique, ce qui confirme la faiblesse de nos jeunes joueurs. L’analyse en composantes principales a permis de choisir 20 paramètres, estimés comme les plus représentatifs du développement morphologique de nos jeunes joueurs. Cette sélection de paramètres nous a permis de dégager un profil type du jeune footballeur algérien. Le deuxième volet de notre étude s’articule autour de l’influence de l'âge, des dimensions corporelles et des stades de maturation sur la sélection des jeunes footballeurs algériens âgés de moins de 17 ans en équipe nationale en comparant leurs résultats a ceux des équipes régionales du pays. Quatre-vingt onze jeunes footballeurs algériens (28 internationaux et 63 régionaux) ont été étudiés (âge moyen = 16,6 ans). L’âge du pic de croissance (PHV) a été déterminé selon l'équation de Mirwald et al. (2002). Les deux groupes sont d'âge chronologique similaire mais les joueurs appartenant à l'équipe nationale sont significativement plus matures que les joueurs de la sélection régionale (P <0,01). […] Les présents résultats démontrent que dans le football, le développement physique avancé est un avantage certain pour accéder aux meilleures équipes, […] que le développement morphologique précoce est une caractéristique importante que les entraîneurs détectent de façon plus ou moins consciente dans leur recherche des «jeunes talents». D’un point de vue général, ce travail souligne l’importance de l’élaboration du profil morphologique du jeune footballeur algérien de 15-16 ans pour servir de base de référence aux entraineurs et aux scientifiques. L’influence de la croissance et de la maturation sur la performance étant un fait avéré, une des principales conditions de l’efficacité du système de détection et de préparation de nos jeunes footballeurs consisterait en un contrôle rigoureux de l’âge biologique. Une classification rationnelle, prenant compte les stades de maturation et le développement harmonieux des qualités physiques, permettrait de résoudre correctement les questions posées par la sélection sportive et l’orientation des jeunes footballeurs à savoir, la déperdition des talents et les blessures. Une des perspectives de ce travail sera de rechercher les causes physiologiques des lacunes morphologiques du jeune footballeur algérien qui font obstacle au bon déroulement de son processus de formation. / The aim of this work is to perform a comprehensive study of morphological characteristics of Algerian soccer players’ aged 15-16 years to improve the detection process of the national elite. To do this, this thesis is based on two studies that allow one hand to trace the typical profile of young Algerians soccer players and secondly to assess the influence of early and late maturation on selection for of national team.The objective of the first study is to determine the morphological profile of young Algerian soccer players aged 15-16 years where we took a sample of 146 players with an average age (15.61 years ± 0.49), 25 of which are part of the national team (U-17) and 121 stocks in the four regions (Eastern, Western, Central and South). We relied on anthropometric method in order to determine the morphological differences existing between players depending on the level of practice and compartments. The comparison between selections by region and data from the national team, tells us about existing differences in level of morphological development, except for East regional selection. Depending on the position of play, we find that outcomes for young Algerian soccer players less than 17 years shall comply with the requirements of the post football game, set by several authors. This study, compared to international data used, highlights significant differences in the indices of physical development, which confirms the weakness of our young players. Principal component analysis allowed the selection of 20 parameters, estimated as the most representative of the morphological development of our young players. With this selection of parameters we have identified a typical profile of young Algerian soccer players.The second part of our study focuses on the influence of age, body dimensions and stage of maturation on the selection of young Algerian soccer players aged Under-17 national team, by comparing their results to those of regional teams. Ninety-one young Algerian soccer players (28 international and 63 regional) were studied (mean age = 16.6 years). The age of peak height velocity (PHV) was determined by the equation of Mirwald et al. (2002). The two groups are similar chronological age but the players belonging to the national team are significantly more mature than the regional one (P <0.01). [...] These results show that in football, developing advanced physics is an advantage to access the best teams, [...] that the early morphological development is an important feature that coaches detect more or less conscious in their search for "young talent".From a general point of view, this work highlights the importance of the assessment of the morphological profile of young Algerian soccer players aged 15-16 to serve as a baseline for coaches and scientists. The influence of growth and maturation performance is a fact, one of the main conditions for the effectiveness of the detection system and preparing our young players would be a strict monitoring of biological age. A rational classification, taking into account the stages of maturation and harmonious development of physical qualities, would properly resolve the loss of talent and injuries. A perspective of this work is to investigate the physiological causes of morphological gaps of the young Algerian soccer players who impede the smooth functioning of its training process.

Introduction: Isokinetic testing is used in rehabilitation settings on a regular basis, yet there is a lack of consistency in rest period usage among protocols. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish an optimal rest period that would allow reproducibility of strength during a common isokinetic strength-test. Methods: Twentyseven healthy college-aged males underwent isokinetic strength testing to determine peak torque at 60, 180 and 300 deg/sec, respectively. Work:rest ratios of 1:3, 1:8 and 1:12 were counterbalanced between sets. A 3 X 3 repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The p < .05 level of significance was used for all tests. Results: There was no significant difference in either knee extension or knee flexion peak torque when comparing work:rest ratios. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a 1:3 work:rest ratio is sufficient during a common isokinetic strength test.

Through examining the variables that contribute to the natural process of language and cognition, a promising path is paved for researchers to identify the variables that influence higher order skills, such as perspective taking, empathy and altruism. The current study implemented the PEAK Relational Training System Transformation Module Pre-Assessment Expressive portion (PEAK-T PA) as an objective behavior measure of relational framing complexity. Two additional self-report assessments were used with all subjects, including a multi-dimensional measure of empathy, referred to as the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ). A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between PEAK-T PA scores and IRI subscale scores. Additional Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine a relationship between PEAK-T scores and VLQ scores. A statistically significant relationship was determined between one of the relational frame subareas of the PEAK-T PA and the perspective taking IRI subscale scores. Results, limitations and future research areas associated with relational framing abilities are discussed.

Despite the burgeoning literature on right-wing populism, there is still considerable uncertainty about its causes, its impact on liberal democracies and about promising counter-strategies. Inspired by recent suggestions that (1) the emancipatory left has made a significant contribution to the proliferation of the populist right; and (2) populist movements, rather than challenging the established socio-political order, in fact stabilize and further entrench its logic, this article argues that an adequate understanding of the populist phenomenon necessitates a radical shift of perspective: beyond the democratic and emancipatory norms, which still govern most of the relevant literature. Approaching its subject matter via democratic theory and modernization theory, it undertakes a reassessment of the triangular relationship between modernity, democracy and populism. It finds that the latter is not helpfully conceptualized as anti-modernist or anti-democratic but should, instead, be regarded as a predictable feature of the form of politics distinctive of today's third modernity.

Thesis advisor: Scott Fulford / Can smart metering program and time-of-use (TOU) prices help reduce energy consumption in New York City? Being able to track electricity consumption levels and to modify consumer usage patterns are important for policy makers to efficiently manage the energy markets. Unfortunately, no reliable and up-to-date data have been brought to bear on this question. I study the effects of time-of-use (TOU) prices and smart metering for the residents of Shanghai and I investigate further what can policy makers do in order to adapt and transfer this successful DSM experience from Shanghai to the residential sector in New York City. The primary objective of my study is to characterize the realistic short-term and long-term potential for the smart metering program in New York City given my empirical findings that the smart metering program has had brought great benefits to the residents of Shanghai. People respond to incentives; if electricity is charged at different prices throughout a day, consumers are likely to shift their usage to when it is cheaper. My findings suggest that policy makers should think harder about designing a pricing scheme that can optimize the social plus. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics.

Estudos recentes utilizaram filtração com absorvedores de W para representar o efeito da rugosidade do ânodo. Para verificar a validade desta metodologia, neste trabalho, foram avaliados espectros de energia na faixa utilizada em radiologia diagnóstica convencional (40, 80 e 150 kV), gerados por tubos de raios X com ânodos rugosos por meio de simulações baseadas no Método de Monte Carlo. Para isto, foi desenvolvido um programa computacional com a ferramenta GEANT4, a qual simula a interação da radiação com a matéria. Neste programa, foram abordados: a modelagem geométrica do sistema, os processos físicos envolvidos e a aplicação de uma técnica de redução de variância baseada no fracionamento (splitting) de bremsstrahlung. Para a modelagem geométrica, as superfícies rugosas dos ânodos foram geradas a partir de um modelo estocástico de crescimento baseado na equação de Edwards-Wilkinson. Os ânodos foram modelados com um ângulo fixo de 16º e de material constituído de 95% de tungstênio e 5% de rênio. As superfícies dos ânodos foram geradas com rugosidades de 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0 e 6,0 ?m. Também foi realizada a caracterização do feixe de radiação X pelos parâmetros da energia média e da camada semi-redutora (CSR). Estes parâmetros foram calculados numericamente a partir dos espectros de raios X gerados por simulação de Monte Carlo. Os valores das energias médias sofreram aumentos da ordem de 20 a 30% e as CSR\'s entre 11 a 25% aproximadamente, com o aumento das rugosidades, dependendo da energia máxima do espectro. A comparação entre os espectros produzidos com ânodo rugoso e os espectros gerados com a adição de filtração de W no feixe primário de radiação X mostraram que ambos alteram a forma da distribuição espectral, porém de modos distintos. Ou seja, o efeito da rugosidade é diferente do efeito da filtração. / Recent studies employed the filtration with tungsten absorbers to represent the effect of the anode roughness. To verify the validity of this method, in this work, the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the spectra of X rays employed in conventional radiodiagnostics (40, 80 and 150 kV), generated by anode roughness. To perform this task, a computational program was developed with the GEANT4 toolkit, which simulates the interaction of radiation with matter. In this program, the geometric modeling of the system, the relevant physical processes and the application of a variance reduction technique based on bremsstrahlung splitting were implemented. In the geometric modeling, the rough surfaces of the anodes were generated from a stochastic model of roughness growth based on the Edwards-Wilkinson equation. The anodes were modeled with a fixed angle of 16º and material consisting of 95% tungsten and 5% of rhenium. The anode surfaces were generated with roughness of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 ?m. The X ray spectra were characterized by the half-value layers (HVL) and mean energies. These parameters were calculated numerically from X ray spectra generated by the Monte Carlo simulation. The increase in the mean energy values was of the order of 20 to 30% and in the HVLs between 11 and 25% approximately growing with the roughness, depending on maximum energy of the spectrum. Comparison between spectra from anodes with roughness and spectra generated by adding tungsten filtration on primary X ray beam showed that both change the shape of the spectral distribution, but in different ways. In other words, the roughness effect and the filtration effect are not equivalent.

Les buts de cette thèse étaient d’évaluer les taux de 25(OH)D chez des jeunes adultes Libanais et d’explorer les relations entre la 25(OH)D, la vitamine D libre et plusieurs paramètres osseux dans la même population. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré que l’insuffisance en 25(OH)D est très fréquente chez les jeunes adultes libanais (66 % des femmes vs. 50,7 des hommes) et que les taux de 25(OH)D ne sont pas des déterminants positifs de la DMO. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons démontré que la 25(OH)D était positivement corrélée au BSI et au CSI dans les deux sexes et que certaines de ces corrélations ont persisté même après ajustement pour l’IMC. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons démontré que les taux de 25(OH)D sont positivement corrélés au TBS dans les deux sexes et que les valeurs de TBS sont supérieures chez les sujets ayant des taux suffisants (> 30 ng/ml) en 25(OH)D par rapport aux sujets ayant des taux insuffisants (< 30 ng/ml) en 25(OH)D. Dans un dernier temps, la vitamine D libre était positivement corrélée à plusieurs paramètres osseux dans les deux sexes ; certaines corrélations ont persisté même après ajustement pour le poids corporel. En conclusion, la 25(OH)D est un déterminant positif de plusieurs paramètres osseux chez les jeunes adultes Libanais. De plus, la vitamine D libre semble être un déterminant positif de plusieurs paramètres osseux dans cette population. La mesure des deux formes de vitamine D (25(OH)D et vitamine D libre) est intéressante pour l’évaluation et la prévention de l’ostéoporose. / The aims of this study were to evaluate the levels of 25(OH)D in a group of young Lebanese adults and to explore the relations between 25(OH)D, free vitamin D and many bone parameters in the same population. First, we have demonstrated that vitamin D insufficiency is very frequent in young Lebanese adults (66% in women vs. 50.7 % in men) and that levels of 25(OH)D are not positive determinants of BMD. Second, we have shown that 25(OH)D was positively correlated to BSI and CSI in both sexes, and some of these correlations remained significant after adjustment for BMI. Third, we have demonstrated that 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated to TBS in both sexes and that TBS values were higher in vitamin D sufficient (> 30 ng/ml) subjects compared to vitamin D insufficient subjects (< 30 ng/ml). Finally, free vitamin D was positively correlated to many bone parameters in both sexes; some of these correlations remained significant after adjustment for body weight. In conclusion, 25(OH)D is a positive determinant of many bone parameters in young Lebanese adults. Moreover, free vitamin D seems to be a positive determinant of many bone parameters in this population. The measurement of both forms of vitamin D (25(OH)D and total vitamin D) is interesting for the evaluation and the prevention of osteoporosis.

The purpose of this study was to predict VO2pak using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and percent fat (PFAT). Subjects were males (n= 60) (PFAT, M SD = 14.4 6.1) and females (n= 67) (PFAT, M SD = 23.4 4.9) with ages ranging from 18 to 33 years. Subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer protocol and RPE, HR and Vo2 were measured at each stage until VO2 ak was achieved. Mean RPE and HR at the submaximal workload of 100 watts were, (RPE100) M= 12.7 2.6 and (HR100) M= 146.924.7 respectively. Correlations (p< .001) with VO2p. were -.75 (PFAT), -.66 (HR100), -.67 (FIPE100). The multiple correlation using PFAT, HR100, and RPE100 as predictors of VO2pak was .83 (SEE= 5.28 ml-kg BW'smin"). Each predictor contributed to the correlation (p<.01). The results indicate that PFAT combined with exercise responses of RPE and HR provide valid estimates of VO2peak with a relatively small SEE.

In this thesis, I examine the ways in which the local identity as "the Plague Village" that has been built up in Eyam over the centuries intersects with heritage tourism and the local heritage museum in telling the story of Eyam's history with bubonic plague. The key areas of investigation are: 1) tourism in Eyam and the interactions between visitors and village residents, 2) the role of the local museum and other heritage projects in defining and constructing Eyam's public identity, 3) the secondary function of the museum as a memorial site, 4) the strategies employed by the museum in the design, display, and presentation of its exhibits, 5) the specific ways in which the museum describes and displays "the Plague", and 6) the issues surrounding a specific aspect of the Plague discourse addressed in the museum, the CCR5-Delta32 genetic mutation, which was the subject of genetic testing in Eyam to study its possible connection to surviving bubonic plague. Drawing on tourism research and heritage tourism studies, museum anthropology, anthropology of science, and medical anthropology, I show the interconnectedness and the complexity of heritage tourism in Eyam and the ways in which Eyam Museum contributes to this. Key Findings: 1) Heritage tourism is far more complex than can existing theories regarding "the gaze" suggest, and in Eyam, we see that the gaze is part of the picture, but the work of the imagination and the attempt by visitors to physically place themselves within the history they seek to learn about by walking particular routes and visiting particular spots are equally important in understanding the driving force behind the type of heritage tourism found in Eyam. 2) The museum is a very powerful driving force in Eyam's tourism, and it is the museum which determines what story is told to visitors and in what ways. It tells a history, but it also serves as a memorial to the people who died in Eyam's Plague outbreak, acting in some ways as a sacred site rather than as simply a museum. 3) Eyam Museum uses a variety of display formats, including dioramas, artefacts in glass cases, charts and graphs, drawings, and text panels. Its heavy use of text panels and its distinct lack of interactive displays differentiate Eyam Museum from other museums in Britain and in museum studies literature, but the museum's memorial function combined with lack of space and low budget mean that interactive displays are not being considered as an option at this time. 4) The Plague and "the gene" are seen as biomedical concepts in some ways, illustrated through a variety of methods, but at the same time, they are seen in social terms, as the Plague is the story of great suffering and loss for the village that is associated with specific names and individuals' life stories, while "the gene" is considered as an object of hope and amazement for its relationship not to bubonic plague, but to HIV, a "modern-day plague", making this part of the story told in the museum relevant and exciting to visitors to Eyam today.