Forskning om de särskilda matematikkunskaper som lärare behöver för att undervisa om proportionella samband är begränsad. Därav är syftet med denna studie att bidra med insikter om pedagogiska ämneskunskaper inom proportionella samband. Det görs med utgångspunkt i två frågeställningar, som utgår från två kategorier av pedagogiska ämneskunskaper i matematik som Ball et al. (2008) beskrivit: (1) Vilka kunskaper om proportionalitet och elever visar lärare? (2) Vilka kunskaper om proportionalitet och undervisning visar lärare? Studien har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra lärare som arbetar i grundskolan och undervisar i matematik. Resultatet visar på flera exempel på vad som är kunskap inom de båda kategorierna. Bland annat beskrivs olika representationsformer och hur de kan användas för progression av undervisning som exempel på kunskaper om proportionalitet och undervisning. Sådana kunskaper är av stor betydelse att lärare besitter eftersom förståelse för proportionella samband framhålls som viktigt inom flera områden i matematiken. / Research about the special kind of mathematical knowledge that teachers need to teach proportional relationships is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to contribute with insights into pedagogical content knowledge about proportionality. To study this, two questions were posed: (1) What can knowledge of proportionality and students be? (2) What can knowledge of proportionality and teaching be? The two questions are based on two different categories of pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics that Ball et al. (2008) have described. This study has been conducted through qualitative semi-structured interviews with four teachers who work with students in the ages of 10-13 and teaches mathematics.  The result of the study shows several examples of pedagogical content knowledge in both categories that has been studied. For example, different representations and how they can be used to progress the teaching are described as examples of knowledge of proportionality and teaching. It is of great importance that teachers possess such knowledge considering understanding of proportional relationships has been described as a key to many areas of mathematics.

The concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) provides a framework for understanding the professional demands of secondary-school teachers in facilitating student learning. Teachers develop their PCK both formally in preservice and inservice education and informally with their colleagues. Teacher leaders, such as the secondary-school department chairs, can work with colleagues to promote professional growth. The purpose of this study was to understand how secondary-school department chairs understood PCK and perceived their role in promoting the PCK growth of their department colleagues. A qualitative research design using in-depth, semi-structured interviews involved 15 participants from one school district in the southeast of the U.S. Data analysis used Eisner’s (1998) four-part approach to criticism—description, interpretation, evaluation, and thematics—as the overall framework, with Hatch’s (2002) typological analysis facilitating the description and interpretation phases. The two dimensions of description and interpretation occurred simultaneously, with six typologies organizing the discussion; how participants understood and defined PCK; knowledge of context within PCK; participants’ understanding of the importance of content knowledge; growth of the teacher; development of PCK in professional learning communities; and department chair leadership in developing PCK. The evaluation dimension revealed that these chairs did indeed work with their colleagues in developing PCK that, in turn, facilitated student learning. Three major themes based on the data were developed: experienced teachers in leadership positions possess key elements of PCK; department chairs can lead as teachers; and teacher leaders bring their tacit PCK into the explicit. Implications for leadership include the need for district and school-based administrators to support the role that department chairpersons play in the professional growth of their colleagues, to provide developmental opportunities for teachers designed to focus on PCK and how PCK furthers student learning and to take advantage of the leadership offered by department chairs in promoting teachers’ professional growth. Further study might examine how department chairs work directly with their colleagues to develop PCK, how such development of PCK operates in contexts with different demographics than those of the present study, and how department chairs at different points in their careers assist their colleagues in their PCK growth.

The implementation of a new curriculum is a challenging issue to educators in many countries. In this country training for an implementation of a curriculum is done in one week and it takes a form of one a size fits all. The study investigated how I transform my content knowledge when teaching a new topic in the new curriculum. The aim of this study was to carry a self- study of how I transformed my content knowledge when teaching energy resources and its uses to make it comprehensible to learners. The following research question guided the study:  How did my PCK develop as I developed the broad content of the energy resources and its uses into focused, teachable and comprehensible content?  How did my planning and reflecting on practice change as I participated in the process of planning, developing and implementing the lesson plans? When teachers teach, they draw upon knowledge of their subject matter, general pedagogy as well as context. This could be improved by the contribution of the concept of pedagogical content knowledge where content and pedagogy are blended. Therefore, for this study I have chosen PCK as a theoretical framework because I will be looking at how my content knowledge can be transformed into content knowledge for teaching. The study employed a qualitative research, which uses multiple realities that are socially constructed through collective and individual definitions of the situations. It is a self –study focusing on my own teaching and intending to improve my practice as a teacher. The focus is myself teaching two grade 11 classes in a township school. Khumalo M. iv Data was collected in a form of concept maps, reflective journals, lesson plan and CoRE s and PaPeRs. CoRes and PaPe-Rs were used to capture and portray my PCK. The methodological tools used to document and portray my Pedagogical Content Knowledge when teaching energy and resources, used representations called Content Representation (CoRe) and Pedagogical and Professional – experience Repertoires (PaP-eRs). The CoRe elaborated on my construction of content, which framed the topic and each Pa-PeR, was a narrative derived from the classroom observations and the journal. Findings in this study indicate that using the CoRe and PaPeR as a tool to portray PCK helps in the development of content knowledge. Some elements of PCK could be identified and the implementation of developed lessons led to insight into my teaching. Learners participated more freely and develop confidence when home language was used. I gained confidence using the CoRe to develop lessons.

The South African government that was elected in 1994 made tremendous changes in the Education system. The new government came up with the new curriculum for Basic Education (grade R- 12). The new curriculum had new topics in physical science. This made me as a teacher doubt whether I would be able to teach new topics. During my time as a student, I was not taught mining at school or college. As a result, I decided to do a self study in order to investigate how I would learn gold mining as a topic in order for me to be able to teach it to my learners. My study involved studying my own teaching practice while learning and also finding out the key things that made me understand the content knowledge involved in the topic of gold mining. The self study was done in order to ensure that I understood the content knowledge and how best to teach it to the learners. I used a collaboration team, reflective journal, group interviews classroom observation and learners’ responses to collect data. The participants were my grade 11 learners and myself. My data was analysed using a PCK model, CoRes and PaPeRs. I had to learn the content knowledge and transform it to make it understandable to learners. I designed lessons using the prior knowledge of learners and integrating Physical Science and Geography. Lessons did not go as smoothly as I had expected. Learners wanted some of their existing knowledge to be included. The classroom activities depended entirely on the relationship between the teacher and learners. I carried out my study bearing in mind that implementation of the new curriculum depends not only on classroom interactions (DoE, 2002) but most importantly on the content knowledge that the teacher has and how it is transformed. Learners taught me to understand gold mining from the geographical point of view as well from the scientific point of view. From the beginning of the study they were really excited and were looking forward to new things. Using the learners’ science prior knowledge helped me design lessons that allowed me to learn to be a facilitator.

Este estudo situa-se no campo de formação de professores e utiliza o conceito de Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo (PCK) como referencial teórico. O PCK versa sobre um conhecimento específico do professor, que fundamenta suas decisões didáticas diante dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem no contexto de sala de aula. Neste trabalho, investigamos o PCK sobre conceitos pertinentes ao tema \"Natureza da Matéria\", de licenciandos em Química, manifesto no processo de elaboração de um planejamento de ensino proposto em uma disciplina integradora (entre conteúdo químico e pedagógico) de final de curso, oferecida no IQ-USP. Os planejamentos elaborados pelos licenciandos, assim como as transcrições de gravações dos debates gerados nessa disciplina, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo agrupando-se as ideias centrais em categorias construídas a partir do modelo de PCK de Rollnick et al.. Os resultados indicam que as discussões para elaboração do CoRe promoveu, ainda na graduação, a ampliação do repertório profissional. Na elaboração do planejamento de ensino, os licenciandos também puderam refletir sobre os conhecimentos necessários para a docência e evidenciaram as manifestações e o domínio dos conhecimentos necessários ao professor. Pelas falas e textos, os licenciandos mobilizam diferentes conhecimentos advindos de sua formação prévia, a saber, os conhecimentos: do conteúdo, dos alunos, pedagógico e do contexto de forma integrada e também acabam transformando tais conhecimentos como resultado da discussão em grupo promovida durante a disciplina. Essa transformação pôde ser acessada por exemplo, quando o conhecimento do conteúdo vai sendo ampliado e ganha especificidade quando esses licenciandos necessitam discutir e negociar aspectos desse conteúdo sob o ponto de vista do ensino. Assim, o acesso ao PCK desses licenciandos se dá pelo dinamismo observado da ampliação dos repertórios de experiência profissional e pedagógica acoplados a um conteúdo específico. Os distintos conhecimentos vão sendo mobilizados à medida que esses licenciandos discutem situações de planejamento de ensino. Os resultados indicam que os licenciandos, ainda na graduação, passam pelas etapas de apropriação dos conhecimentos necessários para a prática docente, desenvolvem a compreensão, do conhecimento do conteúdo nas disciplinas específicas de química, dos propósitos com base nas propostas oficiais e na seleção de temas estruturadores nas disciplinas integradoras que, juntamente com os domínio do conhecimento pedagógico, direcionam as transformações sobre o conhecimento. Foi possível observar assim, durante o processo da pesquisa flashes das disciplinas da formação inicial no repertório profissional dos licenciandos investigados. / This study is situated in the field of teacher training and uses the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as the theoretical base. The PCK is about a teacher\'s specific knowledge, which bases its decisions on the educational processes of teaching and learning in the classroom. In this paper, we investigate the PCK on concepts relevant to the theme \"Nature of Matter\" by undergraduates in chemistry, manifest in the process of developing a plan of education proposed in an integrative discipline (between chemical content and pedagogical) final course offered at IQ-USP. The plans prepared by undergraduates as well as transcripts of recordings of the discussions generated in this discipline, were subjected to content analysis by grouping the main ideas in categories from the model of PCK Rollnick et al.. The results indicate that the discussions for the preparation of CoRe promoted, still an undergraduate, expanding professional repertoire. When planning teaching, undergraduates could also reflect on the knowledge needed for teaching and showed manifestations and develop the knowledge necessary to the teacher. Through speeches and texts, undergraduates mobilized different knowledge from their previous training, namely, knowledge, content, students, teaching and the context of an integrated and also end up turning this knowledge as a result of group discussion promoted during discipline. This transformation could be accessed for example, when knowledge of the content will be expanded and gain specificity when these undergraduates need to discuss and negotiate aspects of the content from the point of view of education. Thus, access to these undergraduates PCK is given by the dynamism of the observed expansion of the repertoire of teaching experience and coupled to a specific content. The different skills are being deployed as we discuss these undergraduates planning teaching situations. The results indicate that undergraduates still in grad school, go through the steps of appropriation of knowledge needed for teaching practice, develop understanding of content knowledge in specific disciplines of chemistry, based on the purposes of official proposals and selection of themes structuring proposed by the integrative disciplines which, together with the domain of pedagogical knowledge, direct knowledge about the changes. It was thus possible to observe during the research process flashes of the disciplines of professional training in the repertoire of the undergraduates surveyed.

In der Ausbildung angehender Lehrkräfte kann fragmentiertes Wissen zu Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit komplexen Problemsituationen im Unterricht führen. Fähigkeiten im Bereich des vernetzten Denkens, speziell verschiedene Bereiche des Lehrerprofessionswissens miteinander vernetzen zu können, können in komplexen problematischen Unterrichtssituationen hilfreich sein. Um die Fähigkeiten des vernetzten Denkens der Studierenden zu fördern, wird in dieser Studie die Fallmethode im Master of Education der Biologie eingesetzt und in Bezug auf die Förderung der Vernetzungsfähigkeit von Studierenden überprüft. Die Theoriegrundlage der Studie bilden biologiespezifische Kategorien des fachdidaktischen Lehrerprofessionswissens und ein Modell des vernetzten Denkens. In Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von Fällen sollen Fähigkeiten zur theoriebasierten Analyse problematischer Unterrichtssituationen und zur Bildung von Handlungsalternativen, in denen verschiedene Aspekte biologiespezifischen Lehrerprofessionswissens miteinander verknüpft sind, gefördert werden. Die eingesetzten Fälle werden in dieser Studie als theoriebasierte und gleichzeitig praxisnahe Darstellungen komplexer problematischer Unterrichtssituationen verstanden. Die Effektivität der Intervention wird durch eine Interviewstudie sowie durch ein Zwei-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Test, in dem die Studierenden Fälle bearbeiteten, überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei beiden Studierendengruppen bereits grundlegende Fähigkeiten im Bereich der theoriebasierten Unterrichtsanalyse vorliegen. Studierende der Interventionsgruppe zeigen zudem eine deutliche Zunahme der Fähigkeiten, Handlungsalternativen für Unterrichtsituationen zu entwickeln, in denen verschiedene fachdidaktische Bereiche miteinander vernetzt sind. Weiterhin konnten vier Fallbearbeitungstypen identifiziert werden. Die Anzahl der Studierenden, die die Kriterien des besonders leistungsstarken Fallbearbeitungstyps erfüllen, nahm bei der Interventionsgruppe deutlich zu. / Teacher education students fragmented knowledge can create difficulties to cope with complex and problematic teaching incidents. The ability to draw on cross-linked thinking, particularly with regard to connect certain aspects of professional teacher knowledge, is helpful in their approach to complex and problematic teaching incidents. To foster the students’ cross-linked thinking ability, the case method of teaching was implemented and evaluated in a module of the masters course in biology teacher education. The theoretical background of the study is based on biology specific pck categories and a model of cross-linked thinking. The central aim of the study is to develop students’ capability in analysing teaching incidents and their capability in creating different action possibilities to deal with teaching incidents, and to identify which different aspects of pck are connected to one another. The multiple intervention study implements a variety of learning cases in a module of the master course in biology teacher education. In this study a case is understood to be based in theory and has to be as close to the practical teaching situation as possible. The effect of the intervention was evaluated by using guided interviews and utilising a two group pre- and post-test design, in which the students analysed test cases. The results show that masters students of the intervention and control group have basic skills in case analysis. Students, particularly in the intervention group, showed an increase in the number of possible ways to deal with case studies of difficult teaching incidents, in which different areas of pck could be cross-linked. Based on students’ test case analyses, four different case-processing types were identified. Furthermore the number of students, whose case analysis ability fell into the strong performance case-processing type, had particularly increased in the intervention group.

According to Molnar (2014), full time virtual school education lacks a measurement tool that accurately measures effective virtual teacher practice. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the current study sought to understand the common practices among full time K-8 virtual school teachers, the extent to which teachers believed such practices impacted student learning, as well as the methods in which current standards, recommendations and practices were implemented in the full time K-8 virtual school setting. The relationship between virtual school teacher practices and their Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) was also explored. Using the standards, practices and recommendations developed for online learning from International Association for K–12 Online Learning (iNACOL), National Education Association (NEA), Southern Regional Education Board (SREB), and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) a team of focus group members gave input on the common practices for teaching students in the full time K-8 virtual school environment. The results included 11 general virtual school teacher practices, 12 teacher practices relating to evaluation and three practices relating to special needs and diverse learners. Qualitative and quantitative findings indicated that teachers most frequently meet the established practices through the following strategies: phone conferences, live sessions with students, feedback on assessments, webmail communication, professional development, collaborating with peers/teacher collaboration, professional learning communities, curriculum based assessments on the phone, communicating with family stakeholders, and determining students in the bottom quartile. A framework for K-8 full time virtual school pedagogy which includes evaluating student learning and individualizing instruction through technology tools and collaborative methods was developed. Finally, the quantitative findings indicated that of the three virtual school teacher practice categories (teacher practice, evaluation and special needs and diverse learners), evaluation was the leading predictor of teacher TPACK scores. Specifically, collaboration, having an online voice and presence, and using data from assessments to modify instruction were found to significantly predict a teacher’s Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge. Using virtual school teachers’ expertise on the practices which most impact student learning and the methods for implementing virtual school teacher practices, the researcher created a draft full time K-8 virtual school teacher evaluation rubric. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

No presente trabalho foi investigado o desenvolvimento do Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo para o ensino de argumentação científica (PCKarg) de um professor de Química recém formado (PQRF). Objetivou-se investigar o desenvolvimento do PCKarg desse professor desde sua formação inicial até seu envolvimento com um professor experiente (PQ) e um grupo de quatro professoras do Ensino Fundamental I em atividades envolvendo processos de argumentação e ensino investigativo. Para isso, foi apresentado a PQRF o contexto em que quatro professoras polivalentes lecionavam \"Ciclo da água\" e \"Evaporação\" no 3º ano do Ensino FundamentaI I. Dentro desse contexto cabe destacar a influência do material didático escrito empregado pelas professoras - suas concepções acerca do ensino de Ciências e propostas de aulas experimentais - e a influência das concepções e do discurso de uma professora especialista formada em Biologia (PB) sobre a prática docente dessas professoras. Após PQ e PQRF assistirem e analisarem registros audiovisuais de aulas que ocorreram em sala de aula e no laboratório didático, eles (re)planejaram, com base no contexto das aulas, uma intervenção que tinha como objetivo engajar as professoras polivalentes em processos de argumentação e ensino investigativo. Na sequência, a intervenção foi implementada favorecendo a interação entre PQRF e as professoras de modo que esse professor vivenciasse as demandas impostas ao assumir o papel de professor-formador introduzindo as professoras na argumentação científica e no ensino investigativo. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos seguintes instrumentos - material didático escrito (empregado pelas professoras), entrevistas registradas em áudio e vídeo, realizadas separadamente com as quatro professoras polivalentes e com PQRF, registros audiovisuais das aulas a respeito de Evaporação, respostas de PQRF ao instrumento Representação de Conteúdo (CoRe) de argumentação produzido antes do planejamento, durante a interação entre PQRF e as professoras polivalentes e dois anos após o término dessa interação, registros em vídeo das intervenções e discussões em grupo, produção de texto e representações pictóricas por parte das professoras polivalentes e elaboração de mapas conceituais por PQRF. A análise do desenvolvimento do PCKarg foi feita com base no modelo de Grossman. Identificou-se que, ao longo de todo o processo, PQRF mostrou mudanças significativas em elementos da base de conhecimentos de professores e em elementos relacionados ao PCK propostos no modelo de Grossman. Sendo assim, PQRF apresentou mudanças: (i) em suas concepções acerca dos propósitos para ensinar o conteúdo específico, (ii) em seu conhecimento de estratégias instrucionais, (iii) em seu conhecimento da compreensão dos estudantes e (iv) no conhecimento do conteúdo específico. Entre os fatores que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do PCKarg destacamos a apresentação feita por PQ e a reflexão sobre o contexto em que a intervenção iria ocorrer; a apresentação de modelos de práticas argumentativas - que se configuraram como um ponto de partida para que o ensino investigativo e a argumentação científica fossem incorporadas à prática docente de PQRF e a restrição de não fornecer respostas prontas e fomentar a argumentação científica nas professoras por meio de boas perguntas. Destacamos que esse último aspecto contribuiu, significativamente, com o desenvolvimento de um repertório de boas perguntas por meio das quais a argumentação foi favorecida, causando impacto nas concepções acerca dos propósitos para lecionar por meio da argumentação científica e no desenvolvimento do PCKarg de PQRF. / The present study investigated the development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of scientific argumentation (PCKarg) of an early career chemistry teacher (PQRF). This study aimed to investigate the PCKarg development of this teacher since the pre-service education until his involvement with an expert teacher (PQ) and a group of four primary school teachers during activities involving argumentation process and inquiry teaching. Thus, it was presented to PQRF the context in which four primary teachers lectured water cycle and evaporation in 3rd grade of primary school. In this context we highlight the influence of the textbook employed by teachers - the conceptions of teaching science and proposals for experimental classes in it - and the influence of ideas and discourse of an Biology teacher (PB) on the teaching practice of these primary teachers. After PQ and PQRF observed and analyzed video recordings of primary teacher\' classes that occurred in the classroom and laboratory they (re)designed, based on the context of the classes, an intervention with the teachers. This intervention aimed to engage the primary teachers in argumentation processes and inquiry teaching. In sequence, the intervention was implemented in order to promote the interaction between PQRF and primary teachers so that PQRF had to deal with the demands imposed to assume the role of a teacher educator introducing teachers to scientific argumentation and the inquiry teaching. Data were collected from the following instruments - textbook (used by teachers), interviews recorded in audio and video conducted separately with the four primary teachers and PQRF, video recordings of lessons on evaporation, PQRF responses to Content Representation instrument (CoRe) of argumentation produced before the planning, during the interaction between PQRF and primary teachers and two years after the end of this interaction; text production and pictorial representations by the primary teachers and concept maps elaborated by PQRF. Analysis of PCK development was based on the Grossman\'s model. The elements of PCK presented in this model were used as categories to document the PCKarg development of PQRF during the in-service training. It was identified that, during the whole process, PQRF showed significant changes in elements of the knowledge base for teaching and the elements related to PCK proposed by the Grossman model. Thus, PQRF showed changes: (i) in their conceptions of the purposes to teach the specific content, (ii) in their knowledge of instructional strategies, (iii) in their knowledge of understanding of students and (iv) subject matter knowledge. Among the factors that contributed to the development of PCKarg we can highlight the presentation done by PQ and reflection of the context in which the intervention would occur; the presentation of models of argumentative practices - that is configured as a starting point for the inquiry teaching and scientific argumentation were attached to teaching practice of PQRF and the restriction of not provide ready answers and foster scientific argument in teachers through good questions. We emphasize that this later aspect contributed significantly to the development of a repertoire of good questions through which the argument was favored impacting PQRF\'s conceptions of the purposes for teaching through scientific argumentation and development of PCKarg.

Este estudo situa-se no âmbito das propostas sintonizadas com novos paradigmas de formação inicial de professores, onde a profissionalização docente é vista como um processo dinâmico e interativo que se apóia em saberes específicos. O contexto investigado foi a disciplina Estágio I do Curso de Ciências Biológicas de uma Universidade Federal, cuja estrutura baseou-se na perspectiva Ecológica de Formação, na qual o ambiente de supervisão leva em conta que a aprendizagem da docência implica redes de saberes, reconhecendo a importância dos contextos profissionalizantes significativos para o licenciando (a instituição de formação, a sala de aula e a escola). Partindo desses pressupostos, o foco dessa investigação visou compreender de que maneira os processos instaurados em um Ambiente de Supervisão, planejado em uma perspectiva Ecológica de formação, são capazes de confrontar as crenças dos futuros professores sobre a prática docente e contribuir para a elaboração de conhecimentos e saberes profissionais dos licenciandos. Utilizamos nesse estudo a estratégia metodológica do estudo de caso, analisando três sujeitos. Dividimos essa investigação em fases (pré-ativa, ativa e pós-ativa) visando facilitar o acesso ao pensamento do licenciando ao longo da disciplina. Durante este período, acompanhamos seus movimentos por meio de suas reflexões escritas sob forma de diário virtual, das reuniões entre supervisor e licenciando e entrevistas e apresentações gravadas em áudio e vídeo e, áudio, além de instrumentos específicos para crenças educacionais (DASTT) e para o aferimento de crenças de eficácia (STEBI). A análise dos dados foi realizada sob a perspectiva do interacionismo interpretativo, o que implica assumir a relação entre pesquisador, sujeitos e objeto de pesquisa como intrinsecamente subjetiva, onde a compreensão de um dado fenômeno só é possível a partir de processo mútuo e socialmente compartilhado, dos quais emergem os significados e os sentidos. Nossos resultados mostram que houve aprendizagem da docência na interação e adaptação dos indivíduos ao seu ambiente de atuação, no qual articularam, por meio do raciocínio pedagógico, suas crenças anteriores sobre seus professores, suas vivências como alunos, os dilemas experienciados em situações inesperadas na prática, acabando por definir sua posição didática durante a transposição do tópico de ensino em sala de aula. Evidenciaram assim, elementos relativos ao Conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo, e conseqüentemente, os saberes docentes inerentes aos aspectos didáticos gerais e pessoais, disciplinares e sobre o contexto. Esse estudo demonstra que o diálogo entre teoria e prática dentro de um ambiente de supervisão ecológico viabiliza a concretização de processos reflexivos sistemáticos nas ações empreendidas pelos licenciandos, de forma que suas crenças educacionais possam ser acessadas, suas crenças de eficácia se fortaleçam, e sua articulação em um raciocínio pedagógico possa construir saberes docentes. Outra contribuição é auxiliar na definição de um nicho de pesquisa específico sobre as crenças educacionais dos futuros professores de Ciências e Biologia, de forma que outros estudos na mesma direção possam compor uma fundamentação sólida, que implique em programas de formação cuja visão holística tenha impacto no desenvolvimento inicial dos futuros professores, repercutindo na melhoria do ensino e da aprendizagem. / This study locates in the extent of the proposals attuned to new paradigms of teachers initial formation, where professionalization is seen as a dynamic and interactive process. The context of this study was the subject Estágio (Traineeship) I of the Course of Biological Sciences in a University, whose structure was based on an Ecological Training perspective, where the supervision environment takes into account that the learning to teach involves networks of knowledge and knowing, recognizing the importance of professional meaningful contexts for trainee (teacher formation institutions, the classroom and Traineeship schools). Assuming these assumptions, the focus of this research aimed to understand how the proceedings planned in a Supervision environment from the ecological training perspective are able to confront the preservice teachers beliefs on teaching practice, and contribute to elaboration of the future science teachers professional knowledge and knowing. Aiming to answer the proposed question, we used in this research the case study as a methodological strategy for examining three subjects. This investigation was structured in blocks, (Teaching Training, Workshop on Environmental Education (EE) Training, and Research Training), whose the structural core was the systematic reflection. It was divided into phases (pre-active, active and post-active), to facilitate access to the trainees thoughts along the course. During this period, we followed the trainees movements, through their reflections written in the virtual diary form, meetings between supervisor and trainee, presentations and interviews recorded in audio, video and audio only, as well as specific tools to educational beliefs (DASTT), and for efficacy measures benchmarking (STEBI). The data analysis was performed from the perspective of interpretive interactionism, thereby assuming the relationship between researcher, subject and object as inherently subjective, in which the understanding of a particular phenomenon is only possible through mutual process socially shared of which emerge from the meanings and senses. Our results show that has been teaching learning in the individuals interaction and adaptation to their environment of acting, in which articulated through the pedagogical reasoning, their prior beliefs about their teachers, their experiences as a student, the dilemmas experienced in unexpected in practical situations, and ultimately define their teaching position at the didactic transposition in the classroom. Thus, they revealed issues related to pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and, consequently, the teacher\'s knowledge inherent to personal and general instructional aspects, disciplinary action and the context. This study shows that the dialogue between theory and practice within an ecological supervision environment, enables the implementation of systematic reflexive processes in actions taken by trainees, in such a way that their educational beliefs can be accessed, their efficacy beliefs can be improved, and, their articulation in a consistent pedagogical reasoning can build their knowledge and teachers experiences. Another contribution is to assist in defining a specific research niche on the preservice science teachers educational beliefs, so that other researches in the same direction can compose a solid foundation, involving training programs, whose impact on a holistic view will enable the professional development of trainees, resulting in improvements in teaching and learning.

Esta pesquisa investigou as contribuições do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo tecnológico para as competências docentes e para o processo de aprendizagem apoiado por ambiente virtual. Caracterizou-se como uma investigação qualitativa, de natureza descritivo-exploratória, em um contexto didático, com observação participante e abordagem netnográfica. Foi realizada na disciplina Ambientes de Aprendizagem Cooperativa Apoiados em Tecnologias da Internet: Novos Desafios, Novas Competências (EDM 5053), pertencente ao quadro de disciplinas da área de concentração da pósgraduação Didática, Teorias de Ensino e Práticas Escolares, da Faculdade de Educação da USP. Foram utilizadas técnicas qualitativas de coleta de dados (diário de bordo, formulários de avaliação processual, registros em chats, fóruns de discussão, entrevista e grupo focal). Os dados coletados foram analisados sob a perspectiva das categorias de autopoiese, metacognição e interação, relacionadas no horizonte interpretativo de um processo de ensinoaprendizagem, que dialogou com o modelo explicativo da ação docente Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Dentre as contribuições, destacou-se o entendimento de que os objetivos didáticos são alcançados na inter-relação com os estudantes e na relação dialética teoria e prática, e não pela mera presença de infraestrutura tecnológica disponível nas aulas. As propostas pedagógicas devem estar abertas ao diálogo, à criatividade e à negociação de sentidos para a construção cooperativa do pensamento autônomo e exercício da liberdade. A ação docente experiente representou uma variável que reiterou a exigência de metodologias e estratégias representadas também pelo modelo TPACK, isto é, a articulação dos diferentes saberes, com destaque para o conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo tecnológico. Este se constituiu em um aspecto orientador de reflexões necessárias para elaboração de propostas pedagógicas, apoiadas por tecnologias digitais de informação e de comunicação (TDIC), ou seja, fundamentou a importância do conhecimento docente em diálogo com o conhecimento discente, na seleção das tecnologias, no estudo de suas melhores estratégias metodológicas, qual sua intencionalidade educativa, com vistas ao atendimento das expectativas de aprendizagem e demandas de conhecimentos específicos, articuladas aos conteúdos tecnológicos. A continuidade de pesquisas na área pode levar à compreensão aprofundada do tema e impulsionar a pedagogia apoiada por TDIC, com a finalidade de enriquecer experiências docentes e discentes. / This research investigated the contributions of technological pedagogical content knowledge for teaching skills and the learning process supported by virtual environment. It is characterized as a qualitative research, descriptive and exploratory nature, in an educational context, with participant observation and netnographic approach. It was conducted in the discipline Supported and Cooperative Learning Environments in Internet Technologies: New Challenges, New Skills\" (EDM 5053), belonging to the hall of disciplines of the graduate field \"Didactic, Teaching Theories and School Practices, from Education Faculty at USP. Qualitative techniques of data collection (logbook, procedural review forms, chats records, discussion forums, interviews and focal group) were used. Data were analyzed from the perspective of the autopoiesis categories, metacognition and interaction, all related to the interpretative scope of teaching and learning process that dialogued with the explanatory model of the teaching action \"Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge\" (TPACK). Among the contributions the highlight was the understanding that educational purposes are achieved in the inter-relationship with the students and in the dialectical relationship between theory and practice, and not solely by the presence of technological infrastructure available in classroom. The pedagogical proposals must be open to dialogue, creativity and negotiation of meanings for the cooperative construction of autonomous thinking and exercise of freedom. The experient teaching action represented a variable that reiterated the requirement of methodologies and strategies also represented by the TPACK model, namely, the articulation of different knowledge, highlighting the technological pedagogical content knowledge. This constituted a guiding issue for reflections required to formulate pedagogical proposals supported by Digital Technologies for Information and Communication (DTIC), i.e., it underlies the importance of teacher knowledge in dialogue with the student knowledge in the selection of technologies, in the study of their best methodological strategies, which is its educational intentionality, in order to meet the learning expectations and demands of specific knowledges articulated to the technological content. Additional research in this area can lead to deeper understanding of the topic and boost pedagogy supported by DTIC in order to enhance teaching and student experiences.