This thesis tests the relative efficiency of Fischer's approach of Chi-square on Affinity viewing time profiles to the more commonly used deviance differential approach. Through his use of a Chi-square approach, Fischer has attempted to make a norm-referenced, comparison of ipsative scores generated using Affinity. His goal has been to create an ethically acceptable approach to identifying sexual interest without losing the efficiency generated through the use of the commonly used deviance differential. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is used to generate the efficiency of each approach and provide results for comparison. These results lead to a discussion of their implications for Fischer's approach of Chi-square, the deviance differential approach, and to the general use of data generated by Affinity.

Denna studie undersöker möjliga konsekvenser för barn som blivit utsatta för grooming som tardel av pedofiljägarnätverks publicerade innehåll från uthängningar av misstänkta förövare. Forskning kring pedofiljakt finns tillgänglig medan det finns en kunskapslucka kring barn som tardel av nätverkens publicerade innehåll. Studien är en fallstudie med syfte är att studera pedofiljakti förhållande till dessa barn och till socialtjänsten, som har ansvaret att hjälpa barn i utsatta situationer. Detta görs med hjälp av Goffmans teori om stigma, kompletterad av en traumagenisk dynamisk modell. Resultatet visar att den bild som pedofiljägarnätverken visar av barn som blivit utsatta förgrooming är ensidig och utelämnar den komplexitet som finns hos barnens upplevelser, både av groomingen och av relationen till och känslorna kring sin förövare. Det kan leda till att barnen får ännu svårare att berätta om sina upplevelser, men att ta del av innehåll där en vuxen person bekräftar att groomingen alltid är förövarens ansvar och att det som hänt alltid är förövarens fel, kan upplevas som en lättnad och vara underlättande för att barnen ska berätta om groomingen för sin omgivning. Eftersom att berätta för omgivningen är en förutsättning för att socialtjänstenska kunna ge barnen hjälp och stöd, påverkas socialtjänsten av den information som barnen tardel av. Barns förändrade attityder till sina erfarenheter kan både underlätta och försvåra socialtjänstens arbete med att ge stöd och skydd till barn som blivit utsatta för grooming.

This study explored the lived experiences of men attracted to minors who believed they would benefit from therapy but did not seek out or attend therapeutic services; and sought to gain an understanding of how the decision to seek help or not impacted their well-being. Participants included 7 men who were recruited through the B4U-ACT online forum, which provides peer support for the minor attracted community. Participants were interviewed over Skype. Data from these interviews was analyzed and coded according to the interpretative phenomenological method as outlined by Smith et al. (2012). Five main themes emerged, providing insight as to why more therapeutic support is not sought. These themes include: emotional distress, consideration of therapy, actual and perceived stigmatization, expectations of therapist assumptions, expectations of professionalism, and therapeutic support. The findings were compared with existing literature to propose ways mental health professionals can provide easier access to resources and reach the population, which can lead to societal benefits. Improved access to treatment has the potential to provide the population opportunities to better cope with stigma, manage their impulses more effectively, lower their feelings of isolation, and increase their overall well-being. This study helps to fill the current void in the area of research on help-seeking behaviors and the associated challenges that men attracted to minors may face.

Min essä handlar om de erfarenheter jag har som manlig pedagog i förskolan och hur de har påverkat mig som manlig pedagog inom förskolan och mina självupplevda händelser som påverkat mig i min yrkesroll. Den gemensamma nämnaren i mina upplevda händelser jag beskriver är att jag möter tankar om den manliga pedagogen som en förmedlare av värden som antingen ses som goda, eller som hot. Mitt dilemma handlar om att jag som manlig pedagog får förhålla mig till generaliseringar om män som potentiella pedofiler men också generaliseringar om mannen som normskapande och auktoritär aktör i en kvinnodominerad miljö. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga syfte har varit att problematisera och synliggöra olika perspektiv på manliga pedagoger inom förskolan. Min essä sträcker sig över en tidsperiod från slutet av 1990-talet fram till idag.Uppsatsen är skriven i en vetenskaplig essäform. Den är baserad på mina egna erfarenheter och mina erfarenheters möte med olika teoretiska perspektiv och teorier. Att skriva uppsatsen i formen av en erfarenhetsbaserad vetenskaplig essä har hjälpt mig att låta mina erfarenheter möta teoretiska perspektiv och därigenom se mina egenupplevda händelser ur nya perspektiv. I uppsatsens reflekterande del använder jag mig av flera olika teoretiska perspektiv för att kunna få perspektiv på mitt dilemma och nå min frågeställning. Jag inleder uppsatsens reflekterande del med en historisk beskrivning av mannen i den svenska förskolan. Jag beskriver även pedofildebattens ursprung. Med hjälp av olika forskares tankar kring genus, intersektionalitet, maskulinitet och könsmaktsordning reflekterar jag över mitt och de personers handlande som beskrivs i min inledande berättelse. / My essay is about the experiences I have as a male teacher in preschool and how they have influenced me as a male teacher in preschool and my self-experienced events that have influenced me in my professional capacity. The common denominator in my perceived events I describe is that I encounter ideas about the male teacher as a mediator of values that are either seen as good, or as a threat. My dilemma is that I as a male teacher may relate me to generalizations about men as potential pedophiles but also generalizations about men as the norm creation and authoritative actor in a female-dominated environment. The essay's main aim has been to identify the problems and highlight different perspectives of male teachers in preschools. My essay spans a period from the late 1990s to today.The essay is written in a scientific essay form. It is based on my own experience and my experience entities meeting with different theoretical perspectives and theories. Writing the essay in the form of an evidence-based scientific essay has helped me to let my experiences meet theoretical perspective and thereby make my own perceived events from a new perspective. In the essay reflective part, I use several different theoretical perspectives in order to gain perspective on my dilemma and reach my issue. I begin the essay reflective part with a historical description of the man in the Swedish preschool. I also describe pedophile debate origin. Using different researcher’s ideas about gender, intersectionality, masculinity and gender power structure, I reflect on my actions and the persons described in my initial story.

This thesis investigated a rupture in the U. S. legal tradition of punishing sexual crime, initiatedby The Community Protection Act of 1990 and the Sexually Violent Predator Statute, that defined the criminal subject as a sexually violent predator. Thus, with this definition was initiated a new legislative innovation. Effectuated as the following Sexually Violent Predator laws, it allowed for the civil commitment of sex offenders post completed sentence. A commitment scheme that has been subject to a vast criticism qua its severe deprivation of basic human rights and dismissal of Constitutional provisions. The investigation was composed as a content analysis of the framing of the journalistic production responding to these laws. A selection of 35 news articles was appropriated as source material. The method of content analysis was accompanied by a theoretical framework, scrutinising normative orders and claims of disability and able-ism. The analysis of the source material resulted in the identification of eight repetitive thematics. Their framing was presented and analysed in order to critically discuss the composition and execution of the Sexually Violent Predator laws.

Are sentences given for sexual interference appropriate ? It is the central question of this essay. To find the answer, we analyzed the medical and the legal discourses on pedophilia and child molestation. This review has enabled us to determined how the medical discourse affects the legal discourse in this matter. This essay presents an analysis of the factors used in sentencing for sexual interference against a person of less than 16 years old and of the sentences given to those who committed those type of offenses, from the perspective of both criminal law and medicine. It shows that, in the current legal framework, the sentences, although imperfect, can be, to a certain extent, appropriate in order to create some sort of follow-up of the individual. However, since those sentences do not alter the sexual deviance, the delinquants will remain at risk for recidivism in the long term. Criminal law would benefict from further incorporating the medical discourse in order to take into consideration the specificities of those delinquents and to give them more appropriate sentences to reduce their recidivism risk and to better protect society. / Est-ce que les peines imposées en matière de contacts sexuels sont appropriées? Il s’agit de la question centrale de ce mémoire. Pour y répondre, nous avons analysé les discours médical et juridique concernant la pédophilie. Ce tour d’horizon a permis de déterminer l’influence du discours médical sur le discours juridique en cette matière. Ce mémoire présente une analyse des facteurs utilisés lors de la détermination de la peine en matière de contacts sexuels sur une personne âgée de moins de 16 ans tant du point de vue du droit criminel que de la médecine. Il démontre que, dans le cadre législatif actuel, les peines, bien qu’imparfaites, peuvent être, dans une certaine mesure, appropriées afin de permettre un certain suivi de l’individu. Cependant, puisque ces peines ne permettent pas de corriger la déviance sexuelle des délinquants, ceux-ci présenteront un risque de récidive non négligeable à long terme. Le droit aurait avantage à accorder une plus grande importance au discours médical afin de prendre en considération les spécificités de ces individus et d’imposer des peines plus appropriées pour atténuer le risque de récidive et pour protéger la société.

A temática da pedofilia é complexa, polêmica e emergente. A pedofilia, no entanto, não implica necessariamente no cometimento de atos abusivos contra as crianças, sendo possível que as fantasias sexuais do pedófilo jamais saiam de sua mente. Por outro lado, caso referido distúrbio sexual ultrapasse os limites do imaginário do indivíduo que dele é portador, estará configurado o abuso sexual infantil. Relevante observar que não apenas o indivíduo portador de pedofilia pratica atos que caracterizam abuso sexual infantil, mas também os denominados abusadores oportunistas ou ocasionais. Na relação pedófilo-criança, a opção pelo estudo da criança neste trabalho justifica-se, sobretudo, porque é ela quem ocupa a posição de vítima e, como tal, não se duvida que seus prejuízos sejam maiores em decorrência dos atos abusivos praticados. De fato, relevante assumir um olhar benevolente para aquela que, subjugada pelo abuso, necessita, de alguma forma, encontrar amparo que a possa resgatar dessa situação. Menciona-se, nesta dissertação, que historicamente as crianças sempre foram vítimas de atos de violência e que a temática do abuso sexual infantil compreende outras noções igualmente polêmicas, dentre as quais se podem destacar a sexualidade infantil e o incesto. Nesse passo, é dito que a existência de uma sexualidade infantil saudável constitui aspecto relevante para o pleno desenvolvimento da criança. Demonstra-se que o abuso sexual infantil tem a peculiaridade de se revestir da característica do segredo, ou seja, de um silêncio que encobre as práticas abusivas perpetradas contra a criança, de forma que fica garantida a perpetuação do abuso ao longo do tempo, sendo notável a cifra negra relativamente a essas práticas. Com relação ao estudo do abuso sexual infantil praticado por portadores de pedofilia, justifica-se o enfoque em virtude das circunstâncias de sedução e engodo que envolvem a atuação pedofílica e que potencializam o trauma vivenciado pela vítima. Nesse contexto, retrospectivamente ao abuso, verifica-se a existência de fatores de risco para sua ocorrência, bem como se mencionam teorias sobre a vítima. Ressalta-se que a criança e o abusador ocupam posições nitidamente distintas na relação de poder que se estabelece entre eles e se enfatiza a necessidade de investigar quais dessas crianças, que já são vulneráveis por si só, apresentam-se no grupo de risco para a vitimização. São apontados fatores de risco para a vitimização, dentre os quais, sexo, idade, isolamento social e relações conflituosas com os pais ou entre eles. Descreve-se o processo de aproximação entre o pedófilo e a vítima, bem como se analisam os danos sofridos pela criança vitimada. São fornecidos critérios para o diagnóstico do abuso sexual infantil e elencados fatores capazes de potencializar o trauma da vitimização. Descrevem-se os efeitos iniciais e a longo prazo do abuso e, por fim, refletindo-se sobre os fatores de risco, anteriores ao abuso e, sobre os danos, a ele posteriores, salienta-se a importância da tomada de atitudes preventivas e reparatórias do abuso sexual infantil, todas pautadas em ações multissetoriais e interdisciplinares. / Pedophilia is a complex, emergent and polemic theme. However, pedophilia does not imply committing abusive acts against children; once it is possible the pedophile sexual fantasy never emerges out of his mind. On the other hand, in case such sexual deviance exceed the limits of the persons imagination, then the child sex abuse is configured. It is relevant to observe that not only the pedophile practices acts which can be qualified as childs sex abuse, but also those acts practiced by opportunists or occasional abusers. Within the pedophile-childs relationship, the option for a study of the child is justifiable, mainly because it holds the position of victim and, as such, there cannot be any doubt that the damages are larger as a result of the abuse acts. In fact, a benevolent eye is set upon the child who suffered the abuse and needs, somehow, to receive the necessary support to rescue it from this situation. It is mentioned, in this paper, that historically children have always been victims of violence acts, and that the theme of child sex abuse comprises other aspects equally polemic, among which we can detach infantile sexuality and incest. In this connection, it is said that the existence of a healthy infantile childhood is relevant for the full development of children. It is pointed out that the child sex abuse has the peculiarity of being involved in a climate of secrecy, i.e. the silence covering abusive practices against children, so that the maintenance of the abuse is kept for a long time, the black cipher on this context being notable. With reference to the study of child sex abuse practiced by pedophilists, this focus is justifiable, in view of the seduction and deception involving pedophilic activities, which contribute to potentiate the trauma experienced by the victim. In this sense, it is said there are risk factors which precede the abuse, as well as theories about the victim are mentioned. It is noteworthy that the child and the abuser occupy distinct positions in the power relationship between them, and we must emphasize the need for investigation about which of the children, vulnerable by themselves, are on the victimization risk group. Risk factors for victimization are pointed out, such as, sex, age, social isolation and conflict relations with parents or between them. The process of approximation between the pedophile and the victim is indicated, as well as de damages suffered by the victim child. Criteria are supplied for the diagnosis of infant sex abuse, and factors capable of potentiating the victimization trauma are indicated. The initial and long-term abuse effects are described and, finally, considering the reflections on the risk factors prior to the abuse and on the damages after it, emphasizing the importance of taking preventive and remedial actions on infantile sex abuse, all of them based on multi-sector and multidisciplinary actions.

A temática da pedofilia é complexa, polêmica e emergente. A pedofilia, no entanto, não implica necessariamente no cometimento de atos abusivos contra as crianças, sendo possível que as fantasias sexuais do pedófilo jamais saiam de sua mente. Por outro lado, caso referido distúrbio sexual ultrapasse os limites do imaginário do indivíduo que dele é portador, estará configurado o abuso sexual infantil. Relevante observar que não apenas o indivíduo portador de pedofilia pratica atos que caracterizam abuso sexual infantil, mas também os denominados abusadores oportunistas ou ocasionais. Na relação pedófilo-criança, a opção pelo estudo da criança neste trabalho justifica-se, sobretudo, porque é ela quem ocupa a posição de vítima e, como tal, não se duvida que seus prejuízos sejam maiores em decorrência dos atos abusivos praticados. De fato, relevante assumir um olhar benevolente para aquela que, subjugada pelo abuso, necessita, de alguma forma, encontrar amparo que a possa resgatar dessa situação. Menciona-se, nesta dissertação, que historicamente as crianças sempre foram vítimas de atos de violência e que a temática do abuso sexual infantil compreende outras noções igualmente polêmicas, dentre as quais se podem destacar a sexualidade infantil e o incesto. Nesse passo, é dito que a existência de uma sexualidade infantil saudável constitui aspecto relevante para o pleno desenvolvimento da criança. Demonstra-se que o abuso sexual infantil tem a peculiaridade de se revestir da característica do segredo, ou seja, de um silêncio que encobre as práticas abusivas perpetradas contra a criança, de forma que fica garantida a perpetuação do abuso ao longo do tempo, sendo notável a cifra negra relativamente a essas práticas. Com relação ao estudo do abuso sexual infantil praticado por portadores de pedofilia, justifica-se o enfoque em virtude das circunstâncias de sedução e engodo que envolvem a atuação pedofílica e que potencializam o trauma vivenciado pela vítima. Nesse contexto, retrospectivamente ao abuso, verifica-se a existência de fatores de risco para sua ocorrência, bem como se mencionam teorias sobre a vítima. Ressalta-se que a criança e o abusador ocupam posições nitidamente distintas na relação de poder que se estabelece entre eles e se enfatiza a necessidade de investigar quais dessas crianças, que já são vulneráveis por si só, apresentam-se no grupo de risco para a vitimização. São apontados fatores de risco para a vitimização, dentre os quais, sexo, idade, isolamento social e relações conflituosas com os pais ou entre eles. Descreve-se o processo de aproximação entre o pedófilo e a vítima, bem como se analisam os danos sofridos pela criança vitimada. São fornecidos critérios para o diagnóstico do abuso sexual infantil e elencados fatores capazes de potencializar o trauma da vitimização. Descrevem-se os efeitos iniciais e a longo prazo do abuso e, por fim, refletindo-se sobre os fatores de risco, anteriores ao abuso e, sobre os danos, a ele posteriores, salienta-se a importância da tomada de atitudes preventivas e reparatórias do abuso sexual infantil, todas pautadas em ações multissetoriais e interdisciplinares. / Pedophilia is a complex, emergent and polemic theme. However, pedophilia does not imply committing abusive acts against children; once it is possible the pedophile sexual fantasy never emerges out of his mind. On the other hand, in case such sexual deviance exceed the limits of the persons imagination, then the child sex abuse is configured. It is relevant to observe that not only the pedophile practices acts which can be qualified as childs sex abuse, but also those acts practiced by opportunists or occasional abusers. Within the pedophile-childs relationship, the option for a study of the child is justifiable, mainly because it holds the position of victim and, as such, there cannot be any doubt that the damages are larger as a result of the abuse acts. In fact, a benevolent eye is set upon the child who suffered the abuse and needs, somehow, to receive the necessary support to rescue it from this situation. It is mentioned, in this paper, that historically children have always been victims of violence acts, and that the theme of child sex abuse comprises other aspects equally polemic, among which we can detach infantile sexuality and incest. In this connection, it is said that the existence of a healthy infantile childhood is relevant for the full development of children. It is pointed out that the child sex abuse has the peculiarity of being involved in a climate of secrecy, i.e. the silence covering abusive practices against children, so that the maintenance of the abuse is kept for a long time, the black cipher on this context being notable. With reference to the study of child sex abuse practiced by pedophilists, this focus is justifiable, in view of the seduction and deception involving pedophilic activities, which contribute to potentiate the trauma experienced by the victim. In this sense, it is said there are risk factors which precede the abuse, as well as theories about the victim are mentioned. It is noteworthy that the child and the abuser occupy distinct positions in the power relationship between them, and we must emphasize the need for investigation about which of the children, vulnerable by themselves, are on the victimization risk group. Risk factors for victimization are pointed out, such as, sex, age, social isolation and conflict relations with parents or between them. The process of approximation between the pedophile and the victim is indicated, as well as de damages suffered by the victim child. Criteria are supplied for the diagnosis of infant sex abuse, and factors capable of potentiating the victimization trauma are indicated. The initial and long-term abuse effects are described and, finally, considering the reflections on the risk factors prior to the abuse and on the damages after it, emphasizing the importance of taking preventive and remedial actions on infantile sex abuse, all of them based on multi-sector and multidisciplinary actions.

My thesis deals with the problems of sexual abuse of children. It is divided into nine chapters, each of which has a subhead. In the first part, I focused on the term of child sexual abuse. In the second part, I focused on the problem of sexual abuse of children by family members. In the third part, I explained the term of commercial sexual violence committed against children. In the fourth part, I focused on the victims of sexual abuse and in the following part, I focused on the perpetrators. In the sixth part, I described the consequences of the abuse and in the seventh part, I described the therapy. I put a stress on the eighth part which deals with the sexual abuse prevention. The thesis ends with the ninth chapter where I described the moral crimes.