As of 2013, 39,000 Chileans have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS; HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) has a prevalence of 8.6 cases per hundred thousand people, and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) has a prevalence of 5.4 cases per hundred thousand people. In addition, 99.2% of the cases have been reported as having been sexually transmitted. The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between education level and HIV preventive actions. HIV preventive actions include the access to condoms, HIV-related diagnostic exams, and the dissemination of accurate preventative information. A descriptive analysis with data from the NIH-funded project, "Testing an HIV/AIDS Prevention Intervention for Chilean Women," was conducted. A total of four hundred women were included in this analysis (n=400). Pearson correlation was conducted to determine the strength of the relationships between the highest level of education completed and Papanicolau examinations, condom purchases or usage, sexual activity, communication with sexual partner and HIV/AIDS testing. We expect to see a strong positive correlation between education level vi and HIV-preventive actions-the lower the education level obtained, the less likely participants are to engage in HIV-preventive actions. The results of this study failed to demonstrate a correlation between education level and health-related preventive actions as demonstrated by the parameters evaluated here. The level of education of the participants did not correlate with STI diagnoses (r=- 0.16, p=0.747), number of sexual partners in her lifetime (r= -0.003, p=0.954), number of sexual partners in the previous three months (r= -0.016, p=0.751), communication with sexual partner regarding condom usage (r= -0.033, p=0.516), condom purchases(r=0.001, p=0.987), Papanicolau examination (r=-0.015, p=0.789), nor did it correlate with HIV testing rates (r= -0.005, p=0.92). No distinction was made regarding type of institution participants attended. From the results obtained, four main areas were identified to affect health-related preventive actions amongst the Chilean women interviewed including (1) Participants reported under-utilization of diagnostic exams, (2) Decreased use of condoms, (3) Cultural stigma towards HIV/AIDS and (4) Lack of continuity of care in women's health The next step for Chilean Public Health officials is to create public health programs and campaigns to increase population knowledge and understanding of HIV and AIDS. Secondary education must integrate information regarding safe sex practices into the curriculum. Future studies should investigate type of schooling attended (government-subsidized, semi-private, private), to determine variations in quality of education between socioeconomic status and the association with health-related preventive actions.

O estudo objetivou detectar alterações emocionais e de saúde mental que causem sofrimento psíquico suficiente para interferir no processo de aprendizagem em estudantes do Ensino Médio. Participaram do estudo alunos dos três anos de uma escola pública federal de Santa Maria, RS-Brasil. Dos 115 alunos, 94 responderam o Self Report Quetionnaire-SRQ-20, instrumento da OMS utilizado mundialmente em nível de atenção primária para identificar Transtornos Mentais ou Psíquicos Menores (TMM/TPM). Destes, 32,98% atingiram escore suficiente de sofrimento psíquico. Propõem-se estimular a informação, o conhecimento e a educação em saúde mental por meio da produção de um folder educativo sobre o tema “Saúde Mental no ambiente escolar”, a ser divulgado e utilizado em atividades na comunidade escolar. É a escola, o espaço-território estrategicamente privilegiado para essas ações, onde crianças e adolescentes passam a maior parte do tempo, oportunizando a aquisição de saberes e o empoderamento de competências promotoras de saúde mental. / The study had the objective of detecting emotional and mental health changes which provoke psychic distress enough to interfere with the learning process in high school pupils. The students from the three school years of a federal public school of Santa Maria-RS-Brazil took place in this study. From the 115 students, 94 answered the Self Report Questionnaire-SRQ-20, a WHO tool used worldwide in level of primary care in order to identify Mental or Psychic Minor Disorders (MMD/PMD). Of these, 32.98 % achieved sufficient score to psychological suffering. One proposes to stimulate information, knowledge, and education in mental health through the production of an educational folder on the subject to be published and used in activities in the school environment. The school, which is the territory-space strategically privileged for these actions where children and adolescents spend most of their time, gives them opportunities to acquire knowledge and empowerment of skills that promote mental health.

Priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo problema ir su tuo susijusi žala yra viena iš aktualiausių sveikatos problemų ne tik Europos Sąjungos šalyse, bet ir Lietuvoje. Temos aktualumas ir naujumas. Pasirinkta tema nėra nauja, tačiau labai aktuali šiandieniniame gyvenime. Siekiant užkirsti kelią priklausomybės ligų plitimui būtina daugiau dėmesio skirti priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo prevencijai ypač vaikų ir jaunimo tarpe. Tėvai, pedagogai, visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistai turi galimybę efektyviau atlikti prevencinį darbą, padaryti didelę įtaką mažinant priklausomybių ligų plitimą. / The problem of the use of addictive substances and the damage related to it is one of the most relevant health problems not only in the EU countries, but in Lithuania as well. Topic relevance. The topic chosen is not new, however, it is extremely relevant in modern life. In order to prevent the spread of addictive diseases, it is crucial to pay more attention to preventive actions of the use of addictive substances, especially among young people and children. Parents, teachers, health care specialists have an opportunity to effectively carry out preventive actions and to significantly add to the reduction of the spread of addictive diseases.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-21T18:23:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRMJV.pdf: 1824608 bytes, checksum: ecd4f7c09734fdd5358dac170ac641e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-21T18:23:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRMJV.pdf: 1824608 bytes, checksum: ecd4f7c09734fdd5358dac170ac641e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-21T18:23:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRMJV.pdf: 1824608 bytes, checksum: ecd4f7c09734fdd5358dac170ac641e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T18:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRMJV.pdf: 1824608 bytes, checksum: ecd4f7c09734fdd5358dac170ac641e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In Brazil and in the world, the use of licit and illicit drugs among adolescents is becoming more frequent and its onset more precocious. This use, even if experimental, according to the literature, occurs around the age of 13. It is of great importance to know and understand the expectations and the reasoning that leads to the use. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate groups of Elementary and Middle School students submitted to a school program to prevent alcohol and drug use, before and after receiving preventive interventions. It is a quasi-experimental study with evaluations before and after interventions. A total of 231 adolescents from primary and secondary education in São Carlos-SP, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, knowledge about the consequences of drug use, Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI - table 1 and area 1) and scales of expectations regarding the use of Alcohol and drugs in adolescents (EEPA-A and EED-A). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed using R® Software. The mean age was 13.62 ± 1.6, female (53.25%), 76% of elementary school and 24% of high school, 76% had religion, 85% had participated in alcohol and drugs prevention programs at school. The level of knowledge improved overall among adolescents after the intervention. The frequency of substance use in the last month, alcohol Fem. (T0 = 17% and T1 = 21%) and Male (T0 = 16% and T1 = 21%); marijuana Fem. (T0 = 4% and T1 = 10%) and Male (T0 = 9% and T1 = 7%); And tobacco Fem. (T0 = 5% and T1 = 4%) and Male (T0 = 8% and T1 = 4%); Inhalants /solvents Fem. (T0 = 4% and T1 = 4%) and Male (T0 = 3% and T1 = 3%); Cocaine / crack Fem. (T0 = 3% and T1 = 1%) and Male (T0 = 1% and T1 = 1%); other drugs Fem. (T0 = 17% and T1 = 17%) and Male (T0 = 13% and T1 = 7%)being the most frequently used among substances from 1 to 2 times. Pattern of consumption "non occasional users / users" Fem. (T0 = 42% and T1 = 40%) and Male (T0 = 38% and T1 = 34%); "Harmful use" Fem. (T0 = 8% and T1 = 7%) and Male (T0 = 7% and T1 = 9%); "Dependency indications" Fem. (T0 = 3% and T1 = 6%) and Male (T0 = 2% and T1 = 4%). Regarding the expectations, the use of drugs (EED-A) did not present post-intervention difference, the EEPA-A presented statistical difference in T1, the median was higher in the general group (p-value = 0.0021; p <0 , 05) and Male (P-value = 0.0086, p <0.05). We did not find significant changes in expectations for the adolescents after the intervention. We observed its effectiveness in relation to the use of certain substances and improvement of general knowledge. We conclude that, in addition to the development of specific programs, it is necessary that, in areas of vulnerability to the use of psychoactive substances, other longitudinal actions in the school context be implemented, within the scope of its pedagogical project. / No Brasil e no mundo, o uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas entre os adolescentes é cada vez mais frequente e seu início cada vez mais precoce. Este uso, mesmo que seja experimental, segundo a literatura, ocorre em torno dos 13 anos. É de grande importância conhecer e entender as expectativas e o raciocínio que levam ao uso. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar grupos de estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio submetidos a um programa escolar para prevenção do uso de álcool e drogas, antes e após receberem intervenções preventivas. Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental com avalição antes e após a realização de intervenções;. Participaram 231 adolescentes do ensino fundamental e médio de São Carlos-SP, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, conhecimento sobre consequências do uso de drogas, Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI - tabela 1 e área 1) e escalas de expectativas frente ao uso de álcool e drogas em adolescentes (EEPA-A e EED-A). Foram feitas análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais através do Software R®. A média de idade foi de 13,62±1,6 anos, sexo feminino (53,25%), 76% do ensino fundamental e 24% ensino médio, 76% possui religião, 85% já tinham participado de programas de prevenção sobre álcool e drogas na escola. O nível de conhecimento apresentou melhora de forma geral entre os adolescentes após a intervenção. A frequência do uso de substâncias no ultimo mês, álcool Fem. (T0= 17% e T1= 21%) e Masc. (T0= 16% e T1= 21%); maconha Fem. (T0= 4% e T1= 10%) e Masc. (T0= 9% e T1= 7%); tabaco Fem. (T0= 5% e T1= 4%) e Masc. (T0= 8% e T1= 4%); inalantes/solventes Fem. (T0= 4% e T1= 4%) e Masc. (T0= 3% e T1= 3%); cocaína/crack Fem. (T0= 3% e T1= 1%) e Masc. (T0= 1% e T1= 1%); Outras drogas Fem. (T0= 17% e T1= 17%) e Masc. (T0= 13% e T1= 7%), sendo a frequência mais utilizada entre as substancias 1 a 2 vezes. Padrão de consumo “não usuários/usuários ocasionais” Fem. (T0= 42% e T1= 40%) e Masc. (T0= 38% e T1= 34%); “uso nocivo” Fem. (T0= 8% e T1= 7%) e Masc. (T0= 7% e T1= 9%); “indícios de dependência” Fem. (T0= 3% e T1= 6%) e Masc. (T0= 2% e T1= 4%). Em relação às expectativas, o uso de Drogas (EED-A) não apresentou diferença pós-intervenção, a EEPA-A apresentou diferença estatística em T1, a mediana foi maior no grupo geral (p-valor=0,0021; p<0,05) e Masc. (p-valor=0,0086; p<0,05). Não encontramos mudanças significativas de expectativas pelos adolescentes após a intervenção. Observamos efetividade da mesma em relação ao uso de determinadas substâncias e melhora do conhecimento geral. Concluímos que, para além do desenvolvimento de programas específicos, é necessário que em áreas de vulnerabilidade para o uso de substâncias psicoativas, outras ações longitudinais no âmbito escolar sejam implementadas, de fato, no âmbito de seu projeto pedagógico.

O estudo objetivou detectar alterações emocionais e de saúde mental que causem sofrimento psíquico suficiente para interferir no processo de aprendizagem em estudantes do Ensino Médio. Participaram do estudo alunos dos três anos de uma escola pública federal de Santa Maria, RS-Brasil. Dos 115 alunos, 94 responderam o Self Report Quetionnaire-SRQ-20, instrumento da OMS utilizado mundialmente em nível de atenção primária para identificar Transtornos Mentais ou Psíquicos Menores (TMM/TPM). Destes, 32,98% atingiram escore suficiente de sofrimento psíquico. Propõem-se estimular a informação, o conhecimento e a educação em saúde mental por meio da produção de um folder educativo sobre o tema “Saúde Mental no ambiente escolar”, a ser divulgado e utilizado em atividades na comunidade escolar. É a escola, o espaço-território estrategicamente privilegiado para essas ações, onde crianças e adolescentes passam a maior parte do tempo, oportunizando a aquisição de saberes e o empoderamento de competências promotoras de saúde mental. / The study had the objective of detecting emotional and mental health changes which provoke psychic distress enough to interfere with the learning process in high school pupils. The students from the three school years of a federal public school of Santa Maria-RS-Brazil took place in this study. From the 115 students, 94 answered the Self Report Questionnaire-SRQ-20, a WHO tool used worldwide in level of primary care in order to identify Mental or Psychic Minor Disorders (MMD/PMD). Of these, 32.98 % achieved sufficient score to psychological suffering. One proposes to stimulate information, knowledge, and education in mental health through the production of an educational folder on the subject to be published and used in activities in the school environment. The school, which is the territory-space strategically privileged for these actions where children and adolescents spend most of their time, gives them opportunities to acquire knowledge and empowerment of skills that promote mental health.

Submitted by KÁSSIA PINHO DA SILVA null (kassiapinho@me.com) on 2016-03-30T12:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CONHECIMENTO DOS ENFERMEIROS SOBRE AS AÇÕES DE PREVENÇÃO DA INFECÇÃO DE CORRENTE SANGUINEA ASSOCIADA AO CATETER VENOSO CENTRAL.pdf: 828417 bytes, checksum: 15630663128213a507f55096fe123242 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-30T13:45:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_kp_me_bot.pdf: 828417 bytes, checksum: 15630663128213a507f55096fe123242 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T13:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_kp_me_bot.pdf: 828417 bytes, checksum: 15630663128213a507f55096fe123242 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / O uso de cateteres intravasculares é indispensável na prática médica atual, principalmente quando se trata de pacientes graves. Muitos riscos advêm do uso deste dispositivo, principalmente infecção, sendo denominado infecção de corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS/CVC), quando em vigência de sinais locais de infecção, com secreção purulenta ou hiperemia, em pacientes sem diagnóstico concomitante de infecção primária de corrente sanguínea. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre as ações de prevenção para o controle da ICS/CVC. Método: Estudo de campo, transversal, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 66 enfermeiros considerando uma adesão de 75%, associada a um nível de 95% de confiança. Resultados: dos participantes, 83,3% era do sexo feminino, tendo idade média de 32,4 anos, trabalhando no hospital por média de 6,4 anos e no setor que estão, por 2,8 anos, tendo 16,9 leitos sob sua supervisão, por plantão. Ao questionamento 84,8% respondeu que quem realiza o curativo do CVC são os técnicos de enfermagem, 78,8% informou que o curativo era realizado com filme transparente, 98,5% considera a higienização das mãos obrigatória e 71,2% refere que o acesso em veia femoral está mais associada ao risco de ICS/CVC. Destes 39,4% desconhece a existência de protocolos institucionais, 42,4% refere já ter recebido treinamento sobre ICS/CVC e apenas um enfermeiro demonstrou conhecimento sobre os microrganismos associados ao uso do CVC. Foi observado que enfermeiros treinados, independente do setor que trabalham, tiveram em média 85,7% de acertos em relação aos cuidados durante manipulação do CVC. Conclusão: observou-se uma homogeneidade dos enfermeiros do hospital em estudo quanto ao conhecimento relacionado à ICS/CVC independente do setor em que trabalham. Há uma necessidade de divulgação dos protocolos institucionais e o cumprimento da prática rigorosa das padronizações, sendo a educação continuada uma alternativa para a melhoria dos indicadores. Como produto deste trabalho, devido ao resultado obtido, observou-se a necessidade de treinamentos teóricos com a equipe de enfermagem do hospital, que por sua vez já foram iniciados, e foi criado, baseado nas recomendações mundiais, nacionais e institucionais, um guia de prevenção de ICS/CVC. / The use of intravascular catheters is essential in current medical practice, mainly when it comes to critically ill patients. Many risks arise from the use of this device, especially infection, being named bloodstream infection associated with central venous catheter (ICS/CVC), while in presence of local signs of infection with pus or hyperemia in patients without concomitant diagnosis of infection primary bloodstream. Objective: evaluate the knowledge of the nurses about preventive measures for the control of ICS/CVC. Methods: observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study using quantitative approach and a sample of 66 nurses considering an adhesion 75%, associated with a 95% level of confidence. Results: of the participants, 83.3% were female, with an average age of 32.4 years, working in the hospital for an average of 6.4 years and on the same function for 2.8 years with 16.9 beds under supervision per shift. While applying questionnaire, 84.8% replied that those making the dressing on CVC are the nursing technicians, 78.8% reported that the dressing was made with transparent film, 98.5% consider hand hygiene compulsory and 71, 2% report that access in the femoral vein is more associated with risk of ICS/CVC. Of these, 39.4% unaware of institutional protocols, 42.4% report ever received training on ICS/CVC and only one nurse demonstrated knowledge of microorganisms associated with the use of CVC. We observed that trained nurses, regardless of the sector they work, had on average 85.7% correct answers with respect to care during manipulation of the CVC. Conclusion: there was a homogeneity of hospital nurses under study regarding the knowledge related to ICS/CVC regardless of the sector in which they work. There is a need for disclosure of institutional protocols for perfomance of the rigorous practice of standardization, being the continuing education an alternative to the improvement of the indicators. As a product of this work, due to the result, there was the need for theoretical training with hospital nursing staff, which in turn have already started, and was created a guide prevention of ICS/CVC based on global, national and institutional recommendations.

Orientador: Ione Corrêa / Resumo: O uso de cateteres intravasculares é indispensável na prática médica atual, principalmente quando se trata de pacientes graves. Muitos riscos advêm do uso deste dispositivo, principalmente infecção, sendo denominado infecção de corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS/CVC), quando em vigência de sinais locais de infecção, com secreção purulenta ou hiperemia, em pacientes sem diagnóstico concomitante de infecção primária de corrente sanguínea. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre as ações de prevenção para o controle da ICS/CVC. Método: Estudo de campo, transversal, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 66 enfermeiros considerando uma adesão de 75%, associada a um nível de 95% de confiança. Resultados: dos participantes, 83,3% era do sexo feminino, tendo idade média de 32,4 anos, trabalhando no hospital por média de 6,4 anos e no setor que estão, por 2,8 anos, tendo 16,9 leitos sob sua supervisão, por plantão. Ao questionamento 84,8% respondeu que quem realiza o curativo do CVC são os técnicos de enfermagem, 78,8% informou que o curativo era realizado com filme transparente, 98,5% considera a higienização das mãos obrigatória e 71,2% refere que o acesso em veia femoral está mais associada ao risco de ICS/CVC. Destes 39,4% desconhece a existência de protocolos institucionais, 42,4% refere já ter recebido treinamento sobre ICS/CVC e apenas um enfermeiro demonstrou conhecimento sobre os microrganismos associados ao uso do CVC. F... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of intravascular catheters is essential in current medical practice, mainly when it comes to critically ill patients. Many risks arise from the use of this device, especially infection, being named bloodstream infection associated with central venous catheter (ICS/CVC), while in presence of local signs of infection with pus or hyperemia in patients without concomitant diagnosis of infection primary bloodstream. Objective: evaluate the knowledge of the nurses about preventive measures for the control of ICS/CVC. Methods: observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study using quantitative approach and a sample of 66 nurses considering an adhesion 75%, associated with a 95% level of confidence. Results: of the participants, 83.3% were female, with an average age of 32.4 years, working in the hospital for an average of 6.4 years and on the same function for 2.8 years with 16.9 beds under supervision per shift. While applying questionnaire, 84.8% replied that those making the dressing on CVC are the nursing technicians, 78.8% reported that the dressing was made with transparent film, 98.5% consider hand hygiene compulsory and 71, 2% report that access in the femoral vein is more associated with risk of ICS/CVC. Of these, 39.4% unaware of institutional protocols, 42.4% report ever received training on ICS/CVC and only one nurse demonstrated knowledge of microorganisms associated with the use of CVC. We observed that trained nurses, regardless of the sector ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O estudo objetivou detectar alterações emocionais e de saúde mental que causem sofrimento psíquico suficiente para interferir no processo de aprendizagem em estudantes do Ensino Médio. Participaram do estudo alunos dos três anos de uma escola pública federal de Santa Maria, RS-Brasil. Dos 115 alunos, 94 responderam o Self Report Quetionnaire-SRQ-20, instrumento da OMS utilizado mundialmente em nível de atenção primária para identificar Transtornos Mentais ou Psíquicos Menores (TMM/TPM). Destes, 32,98% atingiram escore suficiente de sofrimento psíquico. Propõem-se estimular a informação, o conhecimento e a educação em saúde mental por meio da produção de um folder educativo sobre o tema “Saúde Mental no ambiente escolar”, a ser divulgado e utilizado em atividades na comunidade escolar. É a escola, o espaço-território estrategicamente privilegiado para essas ações, onde crianças e adolescentes passam a maior parte do tempo, oportunizando a aquisição de saberes e o empoderamento de competências promotoras de saúde mental. / The study had the objective of detecting emotional and mental health changes which provoke psychic distress enough to interfere with the learning process in high school pupils. The students from the three school years of a federal public school of Santa Maria-RS-Brazil took place in this study. From the 115 students, 94 answered the Self Report Questionnaire-SRQ-20, a WHO tool used worldwide in level of primary care in order to identify Mental or Psychic Minor Disorders (MMD/PMD). Of these, 32.98 % achieved sufficient score to psychological suffering. One proposes to stimulate information, knowledge, and education in mental health through the production of an educational folder on the subject to be published and used in activities in the school environment. The school, which is the territory-space strategically privileged for these actions where children and adolescents spend most of their time, gives them opportunities to acquire knowledge and empowerment of skills that promote mental health.

Diploma thesis focuses on information and cyber threats in 2019. It comprises theoretical basis for better understanding of the issue. Afterward the thesis describes the analysis of the current situation which combined several analyses primarily aimed on Czech companies. In the last part draft measures is created which contain predictions and preventive actions and recommendations for companies.

This master’s thesis deals with the optimization of the process of corrective and preventive actions management in OTIS Escalators s.r.o. under ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:2005 and OHSAS 18001:1999 standards. Standards mentioned above are used to describe analyse of the process, which leads to several steps for successful optimization of the process.