Official-language minorities in Canada may face specific issues in accessing health care services that can lead to negative consequences on their health, utilization of health care services and satisfaction with the health care system. A secondary data analysis of the 2006 Survey on the Vitality of Official-Language Minorities revealed significant differences between the Anglophone minority (n=5,161) and the Francophone minority (n=12,029) with regards to general health, and access to and use of health care services. Important predictors of these outcomes included age, education level, household income, marital status and place of residence (urban/rural). Access to health care services in the minority language was associated with self-perceived health in the Anglophone minority only. Health policy recommendations elaborated in light of the findings include working on both the supply and the demand of health care services offered in the two official languages, while taking into consideration important contextual differences between regions.

Orientador: Anita Liberalesso Neri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T04:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_FernandaHeringuerMoreira_M.pdf: 6913388 bytes, checksum: 9eab0d0de9881a888e6fd9df7a4cbc55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Mestre em Gerontologia

Official-language minorities in Canada may face specific issues in accessing health care services that can lead to negative consequences on their health, utilization of health care services and satisfaction with the health care system. A secondary data analysis of the 2006 Survey on the Vitality of Official-Language Minorities revealed significant differences between the Anglophone minority (n=5,161) and the Francophone minority (n=12,029) with regards to general health, and access to and use of health care services. Important predictors of these outcomes included age, education level, household income, marital status and place of residence (urban/rural). Access to health care services in the minority language was associated with self-perceived health in the Anglophone minority only. Health policy recommendations elaborated in light of the findings include working on both the supply and the demand of health care services offered in the two official languages, while taking into consideration important contextual differences between regions.

Habitual physical activity and fitness are well-established as independent predictors of health in both children and adults. Chronic inflammatory conditions in children have been shown to negatively impact participation and maintenance of physical activity in childhood which can lead to a reduction in fitness. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two of the most common childhood chronic conditions, both of which are characterized by inflammation. Alarmingly, even during remission, physical activity and fitness levels are reduced and sickness behaviours persist in these children. As such, it is thought that psychosocial measures, such as self-perceived health and well-being, may have a stronger association with decreased physical activity and fitness levels in this population as compared to healthy controls. The purpose of this project was to examine the relationship between self-perceived health and well-being and physical activity and fitness in children with JIA or IBD. In total, 58 children (32 girls, 26 boys) between the ages of 7 and 17 years with a single diagnosis of either JIA or IBD, and healthy controls were recruited. They completed measures of anthropometry, body composition, physical activity, as well as fitness (aerobic and muscle strength). Questionnaires regarding perceived health and well-being were also completed, and blood samples were obtained to measure specific markers of inflammation. Children with JIA or IBD were found to engage in significantly less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relative to healthy controls (t = -1.977, p = 0.040). A linear regression established that MVPA, when expressed as an average of minutes per day, could statistically significantly predict self-perceived health, F(1,50) = 6.516, p = 0.014, where MVPA accounted for 11.5% of the explained variability in self-perceived health. This was no longer significant with the controls age, sex, and body fat percentage added into the model. Linear regression models showed that fitness was more predictive of self-perceived well-being, as seen with relative VO2 peak, F(1,38) = 6.683, p = 0.014, where relative VO2 peak accounted for 15% of the variability with self-perceived well-being. Furthermore, composite isometric strength expressed relative to body mass was able to significantly predict a composite blood inflammatory marker score, F(1,49) = 4.447, p = 0.040, where a relative composite isometric strength score accounted for 8.3% of the variability in a composite inflammatory blood marker score. Our findings indicate weak but significant predictive power for physical activity and fitness variables with regards to self-perceived health and well-being. Therefore, it may be important to explore ways to increase self-perceived health and well-being in children with JIA or IBD in order to improve physical activity participation and fitness. / Thesis / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

Mobbning på arbetsplatser skapar ett stort lidande för den utsatte samt har stora konsekvenser för den enskilde och för organisationen. Tidigare forskning kring ämnet mobbning har mestadels fokuserat på självupplevd stress och psykisk ohälsa. Därför var syftet med föreliggande studie att undersöka arbetsplatsmobbning och egenupplevd allmän hälsa samt tre typer av ohälsotillstånd; Ohälsa 1 (hantering av vardagen); Ohälsa 2 (smärtor/besvär); Ohälsa 3 (oro/nedstämdhet). Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) och Negative Acts Questionnaire-Perpetrators (NAQ-P), användes för att mäta upplevelsen av att bli utsatt för olika mobbningsrelaterade beteenden och situationer (objektivt mått på mobbning) respektive upplevelsen av att utsätta andra för olika mobbningsrelaterade beteenden. NAQ-R har en mobbningsdefinition och en direkt fråga om att ha blivit utsatt för mobbning (subjektiv mått).För att undersöka allmän hälsa och tre typer av hälsotillstånd användes ett självskattat formulär. Undersökningen omfattade 172 personer inom Uddevalla Kommuns område, och deltagarna som medverkade var socialarbetare, ingenjörer, restauranganställda och ordningsvakter. Det var 73 män och 98 kvinnor. Det fanns ett signifikant positivt samband mellan Ohälsa 1-3 och NAQ-R, och ett signifikant negativt samband mellan allmän hälsa och NAQ-R. Resultaten indikerar att den mobbade utmärks av ohälsa. Inga signifikanta könsskillnader kunde urskiljas i upplevelsen av mobbningsbeteenden på arbetsplatsen (objektiv bedömning). Genom att undersöka egenupplevd hälsa utifrån olika typer av hälsotillstånd hos arbetstagare som blivit mobbade och arbetstagare som mobbar, kan denna studie leda till ett förbättrat förändringsarbete. Ett sådant förändringsarbete måste ske fortlöpande för att utveckla goda organisationsförändringar inom Sverige och påbörja ett bättre preventionsarbete gällande arbetsplatsmobbning. / Bullying in the workplace creates a great suffering for the victim and has major consequences for the individual and for the organization. Previous research on the subject of bullying has mostly focused on self-perceived stress and mental illness. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine workplace bullying and self-perceived general health as well as three types of illness conditions; Unhealth 1 (everyday life management); Unhealth 2 (pain/discomfort); Unhealth 3 (anxiety/ depression). Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and Negative Acts Questionnaire-perpetrators (NAQ-P), used to measure the experience of being exposed to various bullying-related behaviors and situations (objective measure of bullying) and the experience of exposing others to various bullying-related behaviors. NAQ-R has a bullying definition and a direct question about having been a victim of bullying (subjective measurement). To investigate the general health and three types of unhealthy conditions. The survey covered 172 people in Uddevalla Municipality's area, and the participants who took part were social workers, engineers, restaurant staff and security guards. There were 73 men and 98 women. There was a significant positive correlation between Unhealth 1-3 and NAQ-R, and a significant negative correlation between general health and NAQ-R. The results indicate that bullying is related to illness. No significant gender differences could be seen in the experience of bullying behavior in the workplace (objective evaluation). By examining the self-perceived health based on different types of health of workers who have been bullied and workers who bully, this study may lead to an improved change management. Such a change must be continuous to develop good organizational changes in Sweden and start a better prevention efforts regarding workplace bullying.

Purpose: To examine the association of affective experience and health-related quality of life in lung cancer patients, we hypothesized that negative affect would be positively, and positive affect would be negatively, associated with perceived health. Methods: A sample of 133 English-speaking lung cancer patients (33% female; mean age = 63.68 years old, SD = 9.37) completed a battery of self-report surveys. Results: Results of our secondary analysis indicate that trait negative affect was significantly associated with poor physical and social functioning, greater role limitations due to emotional problems, greater bodily pain, and poor general health. Positive affect was significantly associated with adaptive social functioning, fewer emotion-based role limitations, and less severe bodily pain. In a full model, positive affect was significantly associated with greater levels of social functioning and general health, over and above the effects of negative affect. Conclusions: Reduction of negative affect is an important therapeutic goal, but the ability to maintain positive affect may result in greater perceived health. Indeed, engagement in behaviors that result in greater state positive affect may, over time, result in dispositional changes and enhancement of quality of life.

In Healthy People 2010, mental health is listed as a major public health concern as evidenced by an alarming increase in the number of individuals who suffer from mental disorders. Mental disorders are a treatable public health condition. However, health disparities in the treatment of mental disorders are evident. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that affected health outcomes of persons with mental disorders. Two specific aims were addressed: Aim 1: to examine the relationships of population characteristics (predisposing factors and enabling resources), health behaviors (health services use and health practice); and health outcomes (physical health status and mental health status); Aim 2: to determine the differences in the usual source of care and health outcomes between individuals with self-reported mental disorders and individuals without mental disorders. This study was a secondary analysis of existing data collected from 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component Consolidated file. A sample of U.S. civilian non-institutionalized adults (N=622) was grouped according to three self-reported health conditions: mental disorders (MD), physical illnesses (PI) and co-morbid mental disorders and physical illnesses (CM). This sample was predominantly male, White non-Hispanic and married; had a high school diploma, middle to high income, and private insurance; and preferred office-based clinics as the usual source of care, F(2,29)=5.94, p = .007. No statistically significant differences between groups in usual source of care (p=.069) and physical health status (p=.490) but there was a significant difference in mental health status (p=.001). Participants with CM had a poorer mental health status than those with PI and MD, F (2,619) =21.8, p= .000. The mental health status of individuals with PI was significantly better than that of participants with MD. Awareness of disparities in the usual source of care, health services use, and health outcomes among individuals with mental health conditions is imperative if barriers to care are to be eliminated. Innovative interventions pertinent to decreasing barriers to accessing health care and improving the health outcomes among individuals with MD must be tested. Advocating for mental health care policies that reduce health care services disparities among individuals with self-reported MD must be encouraged.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.

Objectives To assess physical fitness in pregnancy and to evaluate its effect on perceived health, back pain, blood pressure and duration of gestation. Also, to evaluate the effect of serum relaxin levels on blood pressure and duration of gestation. Material and methods A prospective cohort of 520 pregnant women were examined in early pregnancy and five months postpartum with regard to socio-demographic characteristics and estimated peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak, est.). Serum concentrations of relaxin were carried out in early pregnancy. Physical exercise, possible back pain and blood pressure were measured repeatedly throughout pregnancy. Results Absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy was positively correlated to perceived health, which was lower during than after pregnancy. The average absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy of 2.4 l/minute was 0.02 l/minute less than the V̇O2 peak, est. postpartum, while regular physical exercise decreased throughout pregnancy. Absolute V̇O2 peak, est. in early pregnancy was not associated to the incidence of any low back pain location in pregnancy or postpartum, but inversely to intensity of back pain and diastolic blood pressure and positively with duration of gestation. Elevated serum relaxin levels were associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure and higher duration of gestation among women with miscarriage. Conclusions Perceived health, diastolic blood pressure and duration of gestation were positively affected by physical fitness while no effect was shown on the incidence of back pain. The effect of physical fitness on duration of gestation and diastolic blood pressure might have clinical implications as well as the increased serum relaxin levels on miscarriages.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-02T11:34:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-03T11:45:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-04T13:18:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMLA.pdf: 1498492 bytes, checksum: a86fb09f8bdcd3334a09629eea1dc03d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / There is a wide divergence of results in the literature on the clinical relevance and the etiology of memory complaints (MC). Currently QM is being studied as pre-clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease before a possible CCL setting. Our hypothesis is that MC may be associated with lower performance on cognitive tests or a low self-rated health. Objective. To investigate the relationship among MC in elderly patients with objective cognitive impairment and self-rated health. Method. This was a cross-sectional, correlational and quantitative study. The instruments used were the Memory Complaint Scale (MCS) - forms A and B, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised (CEA-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Heath Survey, Geriatric Depression Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results. Participated in this study 83 subjects, divided between the two forms of MCS evaluation scale. Sociodemographic groups were very similar, with no significant differences with MC. According to MCS-A, there was a significant association only with the CDT. MCS-B was associated with ACE-R and its domains memory, fluency and visual spatial orientation?. A ROC curve was drawn from the results of MCS-B in relation to the ACE-R and MMSE, demonstrating the high specificity of the instrument. Conclusion. In this study it was not found robust results with MC reported by the elderly and changes in cognitive screening tests. However, when the informant reported the complaint, the analysis with cognitive performance levels were more consolidated. This results highligh the need to include and empower perception of someone who knows enough the elderly to assess the MC globally. / Introdução. Existe uma grande divergência de resultados na literatura quanto à relevância clínica e à etiologia da queixa de memória (QM). Atualmente a QM vem sendo estudada como sintoma pré-clínico da doença de Alzheimer, antes de se instalar um possível quadro de CCL. A hipótese deste estudo é que a QM pode estar associada a um desempenho inferior nos testes cognitivos ou a uma baixa autopercepção de saúde. Objetivo. Investigar a relação da QM em idosos com alterações cognitivas objetivas e autopercepção da saúde. Método. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, correlacional e de caráter quantitativo. Os instrumentos aplicados foram a Escala de Queixa de Memória – formas A e B, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke – Revisado, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Teste do Desenho do Relógio, Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Heath Survey, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados. Participaram da pesquisa 83 sujeitos, divididos entre as formas de avaliação da EQM para as análises. Com relação às variáveis sociodemográficas os grupos foram muito semelhantes, não havendo diferenças significativas com a QM. De acordo com a EQM-A, houve associação significativa apenas com o TDR. A EQM-B apresentou associação com a ACE-R total e os domínios memória, fluência e visual espacial. Foi elaborada uma curva ROC a partir dos resultados da EQM-B em relação à ACE-R e ao MEEM, demonstrando alta especificidade do instrumento. Conclusão. Neste estudo não foram encontrados resultados tão robustos com a QM relatada pelo idoso e alterações nos testes de rastreio cognitivo. Contudo, quando o informante relatou a queixa, as análises com os níveis de desempenho cognitivo mostraram-se mais consolidadas, evidenciando a necessidade da inclusão e valorização da percepção de alguém que conheça suficientemente o idoso para avaliar a QM de forma global.