The diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of a psychologist in the process of psychoprophylactic care of the mother, or both expectant parents. The theoretical part is trying to define the term psychoprophylactic antenatal care and map the situation in terms of the important personalities in the field of antenatal psychoprophylactic care and in terms of its historical context. Furthermore, it attempts to define the tasks of antenatal psychoprophylactic care, introduce the structure of courses, and map the current situation in this field in the Czech Republic. The research project conducted examines the importance of the psychologist's role during the pregnancy of an expectant mother and in the field of the antenatal care for the foetus in a qualitative manner. It investigates both the needs and attitudes of pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, and experienced psychologists, concerned in the area by the selected method of the semi-structured interview.

This theses deals with leading change in the specific organization, gynecologycal obstetrician department. The main aim of this theses is to evaluate leading of this change from the manager point of view and also to evaluate its sustainibility in the organization. I was focused on the research of the proces and execution of this specific change. It was the change from the clasiccal model of obsetrics to the respectfull model of obstetrics with using alternative methods and support of the natural birth. I used the qualitative research methods, patricipating observation. I created the summary of the proces of the change and underlined the found problematic parts from the field notes, interview and analysis of social networks. I managed to answer all asked questions and evaluate the process of change and its sustainability. At the end I offered a practical guide of the specific change as a tool for other organizactions. Key words: Obestetrics, maternity center, perinatal care, concepts of leading birth, opinion differences, healthcare management, management of change, image change.

The Born in Bradford cohort study was established in 2007 to examine how genetic, nutritional, environmental, behavioural and social factors impact on health and development during childhood, and subsequently adult life in a deprived multi-ethnic population. Between 2007 and 2011, detailed information on socio-economic characteristics, ethnicity and family trees, lifestyle factors, environmental risk factors and physical and mental health has been collected from 12 453 women with 13 776 pregnancies (recruited at ∼28 weeks) and 3448 of their partners. Mothers were weighed and measured at recruitment, and infants have had detailed anthropometric assessment at birth and post-natally up to 2 years of age. Results of an oral glucose tolerance test and lipid profiles were obtained on the mothers during pregnancy at ∼28 weeks gestation, and pregnancy serum, plasma and urine samples have been stored. Cord blood samples have been obtained and stored and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction on 10 000 mother–offspring pairs is nearly completed. The study has a biobank of over 250 000 samples of maternal blood, DNA and urine, cord blood and DNA and paternal saliva. Details of how scientists can access these data are provided in this cohort profile.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-09T12:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 69591.pdf: 3878499 bytes, checksum: 34f8bc6b6d59a7f8f16d3a39356fd14f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / No Brasil, predomina a assistência obstétrica centrada no médico especialista em obstetrícia e uma excessiva medicalização do trabalho de parto e do parto. .O modelo colaborativo (MC) na assistência obstétrica significa a integração da obstetriz ou enfermeira obstétrica e do médico obstetra na equipe de assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto. Objetivo: Estudar modelos assistenciais, que incorporam a atuação da enfermeira obstétrica para a assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto, e sua associação com intervenções no trabalho de parto e parto e resultados maternos e neonatais. Métodos: Desenho do estudo foi transversal. População do estudo foi mulheres atendidas em hospitais do Município de Belo Horizonte, vinculados ao SUS, que apresentam o modelo colaborativo (equipe composta por médico obstetra e enfermeira obstétrica), modelo tradicional (equipe composto somente por médico obstetra) e um Centro de Parto Normal perihospitalar. O primeiro artigo analisa, por meio de regressão logística multivariada, a associação entre o modelo assistencial e intervenções utilizadas na condução do trabalho de parto. O segundo artigo analisa a associação entre o modelo e o parto vaginal espontâneo conforme um modelo hierarquizado. O terceiro artigo descreve e compara as intervenções, tipo de parto e resultados neonatais entre dois hospitais, que representam o modelo colaborativo e o modelo tradicional, e o Centro de Parto Normal. Resultados: Houve menor utilização da ocitocina, da amniotomia e da episiotomia e maior utilização de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor nos modelos com incorporação da enfermeira obstétrica, sendo as proporções menores no CPN. A associação entre o MC e a redução no uso da ocitocina, da ruptura artificial das membranas e da episiotomia, e do parto vaginal espontâneo se manteve após o ajuste para fatores de confundimento... / In Brazil predominates, even for women of normal risk, physician - centered care and an excessive medicalization of chil dbirth care.The collaborative model (CM) in the obstetric care means midwife or nurse - midwife and obstetrician working together in the team which takes care for women in labor and delivery. Objective: To study care models, with and without incorporating the midwife role for care during labour and delivery, and their association with interventions in childbirth and with maternal and neonatal results. Methods: The study was transversal. The study population were women attended in hospitals from Belo Horizonte, linked to the national public health system (SUS), that represent the collaborative model (team with obstetrician and midwife), traditional model (team composed only by obstetrician) and a alongside birth centre. The first article analyses, by m ultivariate logistic regression, the association between the care model and the interventions used in labour. The second article analyses the association between the model and the spontaneous vaginal delivery according to a hierarchical model. The third ar ticle describes and compares the interventions, birth type and neonatal results between hospitals, th ose represent the collaborative and traditional models, and the birth center care model . Results: There was less use of oxytocin, of amniotomy and episi otomy and more use of non - pharmacological methods to relieve the pain in models incorporating midwives, being the smaller proportions in the birth center. The association between the CM and the reduction of oxytocin use, amniotomy and episiotomy and the in crease of the spontaneous vaginal delivery were kept after the adjustment for confounding factors. The care model was not associated to neonatal complications and use of conduction analgesia. Conclusion: The result suggest that care models incorporating t he midwife can reduce interventions in the labour and delivery care with perinatal similar results, as well as increase the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery, including women with obstetric - clinic complications, birth induction or pharmacological analge sia. The MC is feasible in the Brazilian context and can be a tool in efforts to change the health care model

La médicalisation de la naissance est un phénomène vécu à travers le monde qui occasionne des conséquences sur le système de santé et son organisation. Dans la plupart des pays industrialisés, l’organisation des soins en maternité est principalement dispensée selon un modèle de soins médical (Hatem, Sandall, Devane, Soltani et Gates, 2008). Ce mode d’organisation de services contribue bien souvent à ce que les différents fournisseurs de soins offrent leurs services de manière fragmentée. Cette fragmentation des services entraîne un manque de continuité dans les soins (Renfrew et al., 2014). Une enquête sur l’expérience de maternité au Canada a d’ailleurs démontré le manque de continuité des soins dans presque tous les hôpitaux puisque 50,6 % des femmes ont déclaré qu’elles n’avaient pas le même fournisseur durant leur suivi de grossesse et lors de la naissance (Agence de santé publique du Canada, 2009). Les revues systématiques réalisées sur les modèles de soins de maternité en continuité – soins prénatals, pernatals et postnatals donnés en continu à une femme par un fournisseur de soins, en l’occurrence la sage-femme – ont évalué les effets de la continuité des soins sur la santé maternelle et néonatale (Hatem et al., 2008; Sandall, Soltani, Gates, Shennan et Devane, 2013; Sandall, Soltani, Gates, Shennan et Devane, 2015; Sandall, Soltani, Gates, Shennan et Devane, 2016). Les résultats ont établi que les issues sont favorables en matière de morbidité/mortalité et que les femmes sont très satisfaites des soins reçus. Au Canada, les infirmières assurent auprès des femmes une grande partie des soins en périnatalité. Or, les soins prénatals qu’elles fournissent ne sont pas offerts selon un modèle de soins qui favorise la continuité tout au long du continuum en périnatalité. Pourtant, les infirmières peuvent jouer un rôle transformateur dans l’amélioration de la qualité et de la sécurité des soins maternels et néonatals par la création de nouveaux modèles de soins. Or, une seule étude sur le développement d’un nouveau modèle de soins en continu pour la période prénatale et postnatale en contexte hospitalier a pu être répertoriée, mais celle-ci n’incluait pas la période pernatale (Wan, Hu, Thobaben, Hou et Yin, 2011). Il est reconnu que la création de nouveaux modèles de soins doit inclure la participation des femmes afin qu’elles puissent faire entendre leur voix sur leurs besoins et attentes (Green, 2012). L’approche du patient-partenaire permettrait d’engager la participation des femmes dans le processus de co-création de nouveaux modèles de soins au moment où elles vivent l’expérience de maternité. Cette approche génère des savoirs expérientiels qui favoriseraient l’organisation des soins selon leurs besoins réels vécus (Barello, Graffigna et Vegni, 2012). L’objectif de la thèse est de co-construire un modèle de soins fondé sur la continuité à partir du partenariat relationnel entre l’infirmière et des femmes au cours de leur expérience de soins en périnatalité, et ce, tout en analysant les facteurs – femmes, fournisseurs de soins, organisation, société – qui influencent cet engagement. Une étude qualitative longitudinale soutenue par une approche collaborative a été réalisée. Douze femmes enceintes ont reçu un accompagnement prénatal, pernatal et postnatal offert par l’étudiante-chercheure selon leurs besoins. Différentes méthodes de collecte de données ont été mobilisées : i) les entretiens en série selon trois modalités lors des rencontres en face à face, des appels téléphoniques et des échanges par messagerie texte; ii) les notes d’observations réalisées lors de la participation observante au moment de la naissance; iii) le dossier clinique obstétrical; iv) les documents organisationnels et cliniques; v) les échanges entre les participantes dans le forum de discussion; et vi) le journal de bord. Cinq résultats principaux ont été mis en évidence : 1- L’approche du patient-partenaire s’est révélée être une avenue prometteuse pour mieux comprendre l’intensité de l’engagement dans la relation de partenariat entre l’infirmière et les femmes pour ce qui est des soins directs, afin de co-créer la prestation et l’organisation des soins en périnatalité; 2- Les quatre dimensions de l’engagement du patient-partenaire dans les soins de santé ont été adaptées et co-définies au contexte de l’organisation des soins de la périnatalité; 3- Une typologie de l’engagement en plusieurs thèmes et sous-thèmes portant sur les comportements types de l’infirmière – informer, consulter, collaborer et échanger et des femmes – s’informer, questionner, partager, décider – liée aux composantes du modèle de soins en co-construction a permis d’expliciter la relation de partenariat vécue dans le contexte de la périnatalité au fil du temps; 4- Certaines caractéristiques des facteurs – femmes, organisation, fournisseurs de soins et société – qui influencent cet engagement en favorisant ou limitant le partenariat relationnel de l’infirmière et des femmes dans le contexte de la périnatalité ont été identifiées; et, 5- La co-construction du modèle de soins et de ses composantes – les catégories des pratiques, l’organisation des soins, les valeurs, la philosophie, les fournisseurs de soins et les finalités – ont été co-définis à partir des comportements d’engagement de l’infirmière et des femmes pour faire suite à l’expérience de soins vécue tout au long de l’accompagnement en périnatalité. Cette thèse apporte une contribution à trois niveaux : 1- au niveau théorique par le développement de connaissances dans le domaine de l’organisation des soins en proposant un cadre conceptuel sur l’engagement des patients dans les soins de santé au contexte de la périnatalité; 2- au niveau méthodologique par une proposition d’un cadre pour réaliser la démarche de co-construction qui anime le processus de recherche; et, 3- au niveau pratique par une proposition d’un nouveau modèle de continuité relationnelle infirmière-femme des soins en périnatalité. Les résultats issus de cette thèse permettent aussi de faire la démonstration qu’il est possible de transformer l’organisation des soins et les pratiques cliniques avec les femmes, ce qui peut inspirer les différents acteurs comme les décideurs et les gestionnaires de même que les fournisseurs de soins dans les milieux. / The medicalization of birth is a phenomenon experienced around the world which has consequences for the health system and its organization. In most industrialized countries, the organization of maternity care is mainly provided according to a medical care model (Hatem, Sandall, Devane, Soltani et Gates, 2008). This type of service organization very often contributes to the fact that different care providers offer their services in a fragmented manner. This fragmentation of services leads to a lack of continuity in care (Renfrew et al., 2014). A survey of maternity experience in Canada has shown the lack of continuity of care in almost all hospitals since 50, 6 % of women said they did not have the same provider during their pregnancy follow-up and at birth (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2009). Systematic reviews of continuous maternity care models - continuous prenatal, pernatal and postnatal care given to a woman by a caregiver, in this case the midwife - have assessed the effects of continuity of care on maternal and newborn health (Hatem et al., 2008; Sandall, Soltani, Gates, Shennan et Devane, 2013; Sandall, Soltani, Gates, Shennan et Devane, 2015; Sandall, Soltani, Gates, Shennan et Devane, 2016). The results established that the outcomes are favorable in terms of morbidity / mortality and that women are very satisfied with the care received. Nurses in Canada provide a large proportion of perinatal care to women. However, the prenatal care they provide is not offered according to a care model that promotes continuity along the perinatal continuum. Yet nurses can play a transformative role in improving the quality and safety of maternal and newborn care through the creation of new models of care. However, only one study on the development of a new model of continuous care for the prenatal and postnatal period in hospital context could be identified, but this did not include the pernatal period (Wan, Hu, Thobaben, Hou et Yin, 2011). It is recognized that the creation of new models of care must include the participation of women so that they can make their voices heard about their needs and expectations (Green, 2012). The patient-partner approach would make it possible to engage women in the process of co-creating new models of care when they are experiencing the maternity experience. This approach generates experiential knowledge that would favor the organization of care according to their real needs (Barello, Graffigna et Vegni, 2012). The objective of the thesis is to co-construct a model of care based on continuity from the relational partnership between the nurse and women during their perinatal care experience, while analyzing the factors - women, caregivers, organization, society - who influence this engagement. A longitudinal qualitative study supported by a collaborative approach was carried out. Twelve pregnant women received prenatal, pernatal and postnatal support offered by the student-researcher according to their needs. Different methods of data collection were used: i) serial interviews in three ways during face-to-face meetings, telephone calls and text messaging; ii) notes of observations made during observing participation at the time of birth; iii) the obstetrical clinical record; iv) organizational and clinical documents; v) exchanges between participants in the discussion forum; and vi) the logbook. Five main results were highlighted: 1- The patient-partner approach has proved to be a promising avenue for better understanding the intensity of the commitment in the partnership relationship between the nurse and the women for this which is direct care, in order to co-create the delivery and organization of perinatal care; 2- The four dimensions of patient-partner engagement in health care have been adapted and co-defined in the context of the organization of perinatal care; 3- A typology of engagement in several themes and sub-themes relating to the typical behaviors of the nurse - informing, consulting, collaborating and exchanging and women - being informed, questioning, sharing, deciding - linked to the components of the model of care in co-construction made it possible to explain the partnership relationship experienced in the context of perinatal care over time; 4- Certain characteristics of the factors - women, organization, caregivers and society - that influence this commitment by promoting or limiting the relational partnership of the nurse and women in the context of perinatal care have been identified; and, 5- The co-construction of the care model and its components - the categories of practices, the organization of care, the values, the philosophy, the care providers and the purposes - were co-defined on the basis of the nurse's and women's commitment behaviors to follow up on the experience of care throughout the perinatal support. This thesis makes a contribution at three levels: 1- at the theoretical level by the development of knowledge in the field of the organization of care by proposing a conceptual framework on the engagement of patients in health care in the context of perinatality; 2- at the methodological level by proposing a framework for carrying out the co-construction approach which drives the research process; and, 3- at the practical level by proposing a new model of nurse-woman relational continuity in perinatal care. The results of this thesis also allow us to demonstrate that it is possible to transform the organization of care and clinical practices with women, which can inspire different actors such as decision-makers and managers as well as providers care in settings.