The aim of this study has been to examine eight Afro-Swedish women's lived experiences of perinatal care in Sweden. The material has been produced through qualitative interviews to investigate the extent to which colonial stereotypes continue to affect Afro-Swedish women in perinatal care. The questions to be answered were "What aspects are recurring in the womens stories about perinatal care in Sweden?" and “In what way are stereotypes created and maintained in perinatal care? Most of the women had encountered various forms of malpractice in perinatal care. At some point the women neither felt seen nor heard and the healthcare staff tended to speak condescendingly to them. Stereotypes in perinatal care can be maintained and created through birth stories by Swedish midwives who have practiced in poor countries such as in Africa. Through these birth stories, a perception is created of how black women give birth versus white women.

Bakgrund: Oplanerade prehospitala förlossningar kan ske i närvaro av ambulanspersonal, vilka är avsevärt mindre utbildade för förlossningar än barnmorskor men tvingas ändå handha samma situation. Detta kan vara en dramatisk och stressande upplevelse både för födande och ambulanspersonal. Syfte: Beskriva sjuksköterskors/ambulanssjuksköterskors upplevelser, tankar och känslor om prehospitala förlossningssituationer i sitt arbete. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med deskriptiv design. Elva semistrukturerade intervjuer analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Förlossningssituationer beskrevs som verkligt fantastiska, häftiga, spännande, som de roligaste körningarna och som en euforisk glädje att få se ett liv ta sin början, jämfört med alla liv som ambulanspersonal ser slockna. Förlossningskörningarna benämndes som skräckblandad förtjusning, nervöst och läskigt. Dels eftersom dessa var så ovanligt förekommande och ambulanspersonalen upplevde sig underutbildade för situationen, vilket gav känslor av obehag, kompetensbrist och skräck att inte kunna hantera en eventuellt kritisk situation. Dels då körningar involverande barn gav extra kraftigt adrenalinpåslag, skärpa, närvaro och fokus. Ytterligare försvårande faktorer upplevdes vara platsbristen i en ambulans, dålig arbetsställning, underbemanning, utrustnings- och resursbrist, språksvårigheter, kulturskillnader eller sjukt/missbildat/dött/oönskat barn. Bristen på erfarenhet och kunskap var dock det primära och mer förlossningshospitering önskades. Slutsats: Förlossningssituationer väcker mycket starka känslor hos sjuksköterskor/ambulanssjuksköterskor både på ett positivt och negativt sätt. Dessa upplevs som de roligaste, mest spännande och mest glädjebringande körningar samtidigt som stressande, pressande, adrenalinframkallande samt som annorlunda alla andra körningar. Förlossningskörningar sker så sällan att det är svårt att upprätthålla en god kunskapsnivå, varför en ökning av utbildning önskas. / Background: Unplanned prehospital births can occur in the presence of ambulance staff, who are considerably less educated for childbirth than midwives but are still forced to handle the same situation, a potentially dramatic and stressful experience for both patient and paramedic. Purpose: Describing paramedics' experiences, thoughts and feelings about prehospital birth situations. Method: A qualitative interview study with descriptive design. Eleven semi-structured interviews analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Childbirth situations were described as amazing, exciting and the euphoric joy seeing a life begin, compared to all lives paramedics see end. Childbirth situations were called a "horrified delight". Partly, because these were so unusual and the paramedics felt under-educated, which gave feelings of discomfort, inadequacy and fear of being unable to handle a potentially critical situation. Partly, because missions involving children gave stronger adrenaline-rushes, sharpness and focus. Further aggravating factors were the compact ambulance, poor working posture, understaffing, equipment- and resource-shortages, language difficulties, cultural differences or sick/malformed/dead/unwanted children. However, the lack of experience and knowledge was the primary one where more practical experiences at the delivery ward was desired. Conclusion: Childbirth situations evoke very strong emotions among nurses/paramedics both in positive and negative ways. These are considered the most enjoyable and exciting missions as well as stressful, pressing, adrenaline-inducing and different from all other missions. Childbirth missions are so unusual that it is difficult to maintain a good level of knowledge, which is why an increase in education is desired.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an online 1-day cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based workshop in the prevention of postpartum depression (PPD) Methods: In Study 1, data was analyzed from a cohort of 38 birthing parents in the form of a pre-test-post-test pilot study. The ability to develop a 1-day prevention intervention, with feasible study design, recruitment, and retainment strategies that was acceptable to participants was assessed and effect sizes were preliminarily measured in preparation to develop a future full-scale randomized control trial (RCT). In Study 2, a parallel-group RCT was utilized to examine a new group of 124 participants split into either the experimental or control group. Participants received the workshop plus treatment as usual (TAU; experimental group) or TAU alone (control), Major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis, levels of PPD symptoms, anxiety, social support, mother-infant relationship quality, and infant temperament was assessed at one, two, and three months postpartum. Results: In Study 1, a 1-day prevention intervention for PPD that was deemed acceptable to study participants was successfully developed. The online 1-day CBT-based workshops for preventing PPD were feasible in terms of study design based on participant recruitment speed and retention rate. In Study 2, trial recruitment was stopped after 25% of the expected sample size was recruited as fewer than 10% of participants in either group developed MDD at three months postpartum. Data were collected up to three months postpartum in those already enrolled. Among all enrolled participants (n=124), a trend toward larger reductions in EPDS scores was seen in the experimental group at two months postpartum (p=0.06). Participants with baseline Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Score ≥7 in the experimental group showed larger, statistically significant reductions in PPD and anxiety at two months postpartum. Conclusion: The studies in this thesis suggest that the 1-day online CBT-based workshop could have potential as an intervention for preventing PPD in birthing parents considered higher-risk. Keywords: Postpartum depression, pregnancy, perinatal care, prevention and control, cognitive behavioural therapy, mental disorders / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Postpartum depression is an ideal disorder for prevention due to its high prevalence, clear window for intervention (pregnancy), and easily identifiable risk factors. The objective of this thesis was to determine whether an online 1-day CBT-based workshop, was feasible for participants and whether it was effective in preventing PPD. In the first study the ability to design a 1-day intervention, as well as the feasibility of its study design, recruitment and retention strategies on participants were assessed. In the second study its effectiveness at preventing PPD was examined. We found that our 1-day workshop was feasible for participants and showed promise in preventing PPD in higher-risk samples. This research can provide guidance for future preventive interventions to improve outcomes for birthing parents at risk of developing PPD.

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a classificação do fluxo na onda a do ducto venoso no dia do parto e os resultados pós-natais em gestações com diástole zero ou reversa nas artérias umbilicais. Métodos: Analisou-se retrospectivamente a evolução pós-natal de 103 recém-nascidos de gestações com diagnóstico de diástole zero ou reversa à dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais, no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2004. Foram incluídas gestações únicas e fetos sem malformações. Nenhum caso recebeu corticoterapia antenatal. Os casos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a classificação do fluxo na onda a do ducto venoso no dia do parto. Grupo A: 20 casos com fluxo ausente ou reverso e Grupo B: 83 casos com fluxo positivo. Foram avaliados os seguintes resultados pós-natais: idade gestacional no dia do parto, peso de nascimento, Apgar de primeiro e quinto minutos, pH e BE do sangue da artéria umbilical ao nascimento, necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e encaminhamento à unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, além de: ocorrência de restrição de crescimento fetal, doença das membranas hialinas, pneumotórax, hemorragia pulmonar, displasia broncopulmonar, persistência do canal arterial, sepse, enterocolite necrosante, retinopatia da prematuridade, plaquetopenia, hipoglicemia, hiperglicemia, convulsão, exame neurológico anormal em 24 horas de vida, hemorragia intracraniana, os recém-nascidos foram avaliados durante toda a internação no berçário, sendo registrado o tempo de internação, ocorrência de óbito e causas do óbito. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Qui-Quadrado, exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney U, adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Todos os partos foram cesareanos. A idade gestacional foi semelhante nos dois grupos, 30 semanas no grupo A e 30,9 semanas no B (P=0,23). Observou-se no grupo com fluxo ausente ou reverso da onda a do ducto venoso maior freqüência dos seguintes resultados pós-natais adversos: menor peso ao nascimento (831g vs 1.105g, P<0,001), menores índices de Apgar de primeiro minuto (85% vs 20%, P=0,001) e de quinto minuto (45% vs 10,7%, P =0,001), maior necessidade de intubação orotraqueal (100% vs 48,1%, P=0,001), maior ocorrência de acidose ao nascimento (93% vs 36%, P<0,001), hemorragia pulmonar (40% vs 16,8%, P=0,03), plaquetopenia (65% vs 37,3%, P=0,02), hipoglicemia (85% vs 56,6%, P=0,01), hemorragia intracraniana (52,6% vs 26,3%, P=0,02) e óbito pós natal (65% vs 26,5%, P=0,007). Conclusão: O estudo do fluxo no ducto venoso pode fornecer informações adicionais na programação do momento mais adequado para a interrupção de gestações que cursam com diástole zero ou reversa nas artérias umbilicais em gestações com prematuridade extrema. / Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze the relation between absent or reverse flow during atrial contraction in the ductus venosus on the day of delivery in pregnancies complicated by absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery and postnatal outcome. Methods: Postnatal outcome of 103 pregnant women with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (ARED flow) in the umbilical arteries was retrospectively analyzed from January 1997 to December 2004. In this study, only singleton pregnancies that did not take prenatal steroids and with no fetal anomalies were included. The outcome was analyzed in two groups: Group A (n=20), fetuses with absent or reversed ductus venosus flow during the A-wave and group B (n=83) fetuses with a positive flow. After delivery, the following immediate neonatal outcomes of interest were obtained: gestational age at the time of delivery, 1-and 5-minute Apgar scores, umbilical artery pH and base excess, birth weight, need of orotraqueal intubation, and referral to the neonatal intensive care unit. We have also analyzed the incidence of fetal growth restriction, hyaline membrane disease, pneumotorax, lung hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary displasia, persistence of the arterial channel, sepses, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, fetal plaquetopenia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, abnormal neurological exam within 24 hours of life, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, length of hospitalization, postnatal deaths and its causes. Data were compared by chi-square, Fisher\'s exact test and a Mann-Whitney U test, and the level of significance adopted was of 5%. Results: All newborns were delivered by cesarean section. The average gestational age at birth was 30 weeks in group A and 30,9 in group B (P= 0.23). Fetuses of the group A presented lower birth weight (831g vs 1105g, P< 0.001), lower Apgar score at first (85% vs 20%, P= 0.001), and at fifth minutes (45% vs 10.7%, P =0.001), higher incidence of orotraqueal intubation (100% vs 48.1%, P= 0.001) than fetuses of group B. Group A had also more cases of acidosis (93% vs 36%, P<0.001), lung hemorrhage (40% vs 16,8%, P=0,03), plaquetopenia (65% vs 37.3%, P=0.02), hypoglycemia (85% vs 56.6%, P=0.01), intracranial hemorrhage (52.6% vs 26.3%, P=0.02) and postnatal death (65% vs 26.5%, P=0.007). Conclusion: Ductus venous Doppler can supply additional information regarding the better time to deliver pregnant women with earlier gestational age and with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (ARED flow) in the umbilical artery.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 16 / Fundação e Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Piauí / Objetivos: identificar a percepção das mães sobre a atuação dos profissionais de saúde no pré-natal de uma unidade básica de saúde; conhecer a percepção das mães sobre as orientações recebidas na unidade básica de saúde durante o pré-natal; conhecer a percepção das mães sobre a preparação do parto orientado pelos profissionais de saúde. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa-descritiva, com dados coletados de maio a agosto/2009, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com doze mulheres grávidas durante o puerpério que realizaram pré–natal no Posto de Saúde Materno Infantil, São Leopoldo-RS, a análise dos dados realizou-se pela análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa foi avaliada e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos–UNISINOS. Resultados: nove entrevistadas iniciaram o pré–natal a partir do primeiro trimestre, a média de consultas realizadas por cada uma foi maior do que seis (o recomendado pelo MS). A maioria das participantes considerou que, dentre os profissionais que devem realizar / Objectives: Identifying the perception of mothers about the work of health professionals of a basic health unit (public health clinic) in the pre-natal period; getting to know the perception of mothers about the guidance received at the public health clinic during the pre-natal period; getting to know the perception of mothers about the preparation for birth oriented by health professionals. Methodology: Qualitative-descriptive research, collecting data from May to August 2009, through semi-structured interviews with twelve pregnant women during their pregnancy, who were being assisted in their pre-natal period at the Public Health Clinic for Mothers and Children in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. The analysis of data was carried out through the analysis of content. The research was assessed and approved by the Ethics Committee of UNISINOS (University of the Sinos Valley). Results: Nine interviewees were being followed up in their pre-natal period starting at their first trimester. The

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a classificação do fluxo na onda a do ducto venoso no dia do parto e os resultados pós-natais em gestações com diástole zero ou reversa nas artérias umbilicais. Métodos: Analisou-se retrospectivamente a evolução pós-natal de 103 recém-nascidos de gestações com diagnóstico de diástole zero ou reversa à dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais, no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2004. Foram incluídas gestações únicas e fetos sem malformações. Nenhum caso recebeu corticoterapia antenatal. Os casos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a classificação do fluxo na onda a do ducto venoso no dia do parto. Grupo A: 20 casos com fluxo ausente ou reverso e Grupo B: 83 casos com fluxo positivo. Foram avaliados os seguintes resultados pós-natais: idade gestacional no dia do parto, peso de nascimento, Apgar de primeiro e quinto minutos, pH e BE do sangue da artéria umbilical ao nascimento, necessidade de intubação orotraqueal e encaminhamento à unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, além de: ocorrência de restrição de crescimento fetal, doença das membranas hialinas, pneumotórax, hemorragia pulmonar, displasia broncopulmonar, persistência do canal arterial, sepse, enterocolite necrosante, retinopatia da prematuridade, plaquetopenia, hipoglicemia, hiperglicemia, convulsão, exame neurológico anormal em 24 horas de vida, hemorragia intracraniana, os recém-nascidos foram avaliados durante toda a internação no berçário, sendo registrado o tempo de internação, ocorrência de óbito e causas do óbito. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Qui-Quadrado, exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney U, adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Todos os partos foram cesareanos. A idade gestacional foi semelhante nos dois grupos, 30 semanas no grupo A e 30,9 semanas no B (P=0,23). Observou-se no grupo com fluxo ausente ou reverso da onda a do ducto venoso maior freqüência dos seguintes resultados pós-natais adversos: menor peso ao nascimento (831g vs 1.105g, P<0,001), menores índices de Apgar de primeiro minuto (85% vs 20%, P=0,001) e de quinto minuto (45% vs 10,7%, P =0,001), maior necessidade de intubação orotraqueal (100% vs 48,1%, P=0,001), maior ocorrência de acidose ao nascimento (93% vs 36%, P<0,001), hemorragia pulmonar (40% vs 16,8%, P=0,03), plaquetopenia (65% vs 37,3%, P=0,02), hipoglicemia (85% vs 56,6%, P=0,01), hemorragia intracraniana (52,6% vs 26,3%, P=0,02) e óbito pós natal (65% vs 26,5%, P=0,007). Conclusão: O estudo do fluxo no ducto venoso pode fornecer informações adicionais na programação do momento mais adequado para a interrupção de gestações que cursam com diástole zero ou reversa nas artérias umbilicais em gestações com prematuridade extrema. / Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze the relation between absent or reverse flow during atrial contraction in the ductus venosus on the day of delivery in pregnancies complicated by absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery and postnatal outcome. Methods: Postnatal outcome of 103 pregnant women with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (ARED flow) in the umbilical arteries was retrospectively analyzed from January 1997 to December 2004. In this study, only singleton pregnancies that did not take prenatal steroids and with no fetal anomalies were included. The outcome was analyzed in two groups: Group A (n=20), fetuses with absent or reversed ductus venosus flow during the A-wave and group B (n=83) fetuses with a positive flow. After delivery, the following immediate neonatal outcomes of interest were obtained: gestational age at the time of delivery, 1-and 5-minute Apgar scores, umbilical artery pH and base excess, birth weight, need of orotraqueal intubation, and referral to the neonatal intensive care unit. We have also analyzed the incidence of fetal growth restriction, hyaline membrane disease, pneumotorax, lung hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary displasia, persistence of the arterial channel, sepses, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, fetal plaquetopenia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, abnormal neurological exam within 24 hours of life, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, length of hospitalization, postnatal deaths and its causes. Data were compared by chi-square, Fisher\'s exact test and a Mann-Whitney U test, and the level of significance adopted was of 5%. Results: All newborns were delivered by cesarean section. The average gestational age at birth was 30 weeks in group A and 30,9 in group B (P= 0.23). Fetuses of the group A presented lower birth weight (831g vs 1105g, P< 0.001), lower Apgar score at first (85% vs 20%, P= 0.001), and at fifth minutes (45% vs 10.7%, P =0.001), higher incidence of orotraqueal intubation (100% vs 48.1%, P= 0.001) than fetuses of group B. Group A had also more cases of acidosis (93% vs 36%, P<0.001), lung hemorrhage (40% vs 16,8%, P=0,03), plaquetopenia (65% vs 37.3%, P=0.02), hypoglycemia (85% vs 56.6%, P=0.01), intracranial hemorrhage (52.6% vs 26.3%, P=0.02) and postnatal death (65% vs 26.5%, P=0.007). Conclusion: Ductus venous Doppler can supply additional information regarding the better time to deliver pregnant women with earlier gestational age and with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (ARED flow) in the umbilical artery.

As ações em saúde contribuem para a melhoria das condições de vida e de saúde da criança, com reflexo na redução da mortalidade infantil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as ações em saúde para redução da mortalidade infantil apontadas pelos profissionais de saúde que atendem gestantes, recém-nascidos e crianças menores de um ano na atenção básica de um município do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, inserido no campo da avaliação em saúde, com aproximação ao componente processo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os profissionais de saúde, através de dois roteiros semiestruturados, autoaplicados, baseados em frases afirmativas, adaptadas de dois documentos técnicos do Ministério da Saúde. Participaram 54 profissionais da saúde, médicos (ginecologistas e pediatras), enfermeiros e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), de três unidades básicas de saúde selecionadas para o estudo. A maioria de médicos e enfermeiros afirmou que somente às vezes as gestantes têm início precoce ao pré-natal, e grande parte respondeu que são realizadas seis ou mais consultas; porém, o mesmo número de profissionais confirmou que somente às vezes isso ocorre. ACS, médicos e enfermeiros mostraram que existe busca ativa às gestantes faltosas ao pré-natal, e os ACS afirmaram que realizam visitas domiciliares com esse intuito. De acordo com 44,4% dos médicos e enfermeiros, as puérperas têm consulta até 42 dias após o parto. Grande parte de todos profissionais de saúde participantes do estudo, afirmou desenvolver ações de incentivo ao aleitamento materno no pré-natal, no puerpério e nos 30 dias, seis e 12 meses de vida da criança; 59,3% responderam que as crianças atendidas na unidade de saúde estão com o esquema de vacinação em dia. A maioria dos médicos e enfermeiros confirmou que a criança recebe ao menos uma consulta na sua primeira semana de vida, mas que às vezes é realizado visita domiciliar por parte desses profissionais; somente quando houver necessidade. Os profissionais, médicos, enfermeiros e ACS, reconhecem que existe a educação permanente na unidade de saúde que trabalham; porém, 51,9% afirmam que às vezes há participação da equipe. Foram identificadas várias ações que correspondem ao que é preconizado pelas políticas públicas de atenção à mulher e à criança. Entretanto ainda existem fragilidades que apontam a necessidade de ampliar a visão dos profissionais de saúde para maior planejamento dessas ações, adequando às necessidades da população materno-infantil atendida nas unidades de saúde com vistas à redução de óbitos infantis / Healthcare action plans improve children\'s life conditions and health, thereby reducing child mortality. This study aimed to identify healthcare actions that decreased child mortality on the basis of reports by healthcare professionals assisting expectant mothers, newborns, and children aged less than one year in basic healthcare units in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This transversal study adopted a quantitative health assessment approach with process approximation. Healthcare professionals were interviewed by means of two semi-structured, self-applied questionnaires based on affirmative statements; the instrument was adapted from two technical documents of the Brazilian Health Ministry. Fifty-four healthcare professionals including physicians (gynecologists and pediatricians), nurses, and Health Community Agents (HCA) working at three basic health units were selected for this study. Most of the physicians and nurses stated that only sometimes do expectant mothers receive pre-natal care at an early stage. The majority of physicians and nurses stated that pre-natal care includes six or more visits, but they rarely occur. HCA, physicians, and nurses showed that they actively search for expectant mothers that skip pre-natal consultations, and HCA affirmed that they conduct home visits aiming to contact these patients. According to 44.4% of the physicians and nurses, mothers have a visit scheduled for up to 42 days after childbirth. Most of the participants confirmed that they develop actions to encourage breastfeeding during the pre- natal and puerperium periods as well as at 30 days, six months, and twelve months after childbirth. Of all the participants, 59.3% stated that the children assisted at the health units follow the recommended vaccination schedule. Most physicians and nurses confirmed that children are seen at the basic healthcare unit within one week after birth, and that these professionals visit the child at home when necessary. All the participants--physicians, nurses, and HCA--confirmed that ongoing professional education takes place at the basic healthcare unit where they work; however, 51.9% stated that the health team sometimes participates in the activities. It was possible to identify several actions that followed the public policy recommendations for woman and child healthcare. Nevertheless, it is important to make healthcare professionals aware of the need to implement more action plans that meet the requirements of mothers and children assisted at healthcare units, aiming to diminish child mortality

As ações em saúde contribuem para a melhoria das condições de vida e de saúde da criança, com reflexo na redução da mortalidade infantil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as ações em saúde para redução da mortalidade infantil apontadas pelos profissionais de saúde que atendem gestantes, recém-nascidos e crianças menores de um ano na atenção básica de um município do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, inserido no campo da avaliação em saúde, com aproximação ao componente processo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os profissionais de saúde, através de dois roteiros semiestruturados, autoaplicados, baseados em frases afirmativas, adaptadas de dois documentos técnicos do Ministério da Saúde. Participaram 54 profissionais da saúde, médicos (ginecologistas e pediatras), enfermeiros e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), de três unidades básicas de saúde selecionadas para o estudo. A maioria de médicos e enfermeiros afirmou que somente às vezes as gestantes têm início precoce ao pré-natal, e grande parte respondeu que são realizadas seis ou mais consultas; porém, o mesmo número de profissionais confirmou que somente às vezes isso ocorre. ACS, médicos e enfermeiros mostraram que existe busca ativa às gestantes faltosas ao pré-natal, e os ACS afirmaram que realizam visitas domiciliares com esse intuito. De acordo com 44,4% dos médicos e enfermeiros, as puérperas têm consulta até 42 dias após o parto. Grande parte de todos profissionais de saúde participantes do estudo, afirmou desenvolver ações de incentivo ao aleitamento materno no pré-natal, no puerpério e nos 30 dias, seis e 12 meses de vida da criança; 59,3% responderam que as crianças atendidas na unidade de saúde estão com o esquema de vacinação em dia. A maioria dos médicos e enfermeiros confirmou que a criança recebe ao menos uma consulta na sua primeira semana de vida, mas que às vezes é realizado visita domiciliar por parte desses profissionais; somente quando houver necessidade. Os profissionais, médicos, enfermeiros e ACS, reconhecem que existe a educação permanente na unidade de saúde que trabalham; porém, 51,9% afirmam que às vezes há participação da equipe. Foram identificadas várias ações que correspondem ao que é preconizado pelas políticas públicas de atenção à mulher e à criança. Entretanto ainda existem fragilidades que apontam a necessidade de ampliar a visão dos profissionais de saúde para maior planejamento dessas ações, adequando às necessidades da população materno-infantil atendida nas unidades de saúde com vistas à redução de óbitos infantis / Healthcare action plans improve children\'s life conditions and health, thereby reducing child mortality. This study aimed to identify healthcare actions that decreased child mortality on the basis of reports by healthcare professionals assisting expectant mothers, newborns, and children aged less than one year in basic healthcare units in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This transversal study adopted a quantitative health assessment approach with process approximation. Healthcare professionals were interviewed by means of two semi-structured, self-applied questionnaires based on affirmative statements; the instrument was adapted from two technical documents of the Brazilian Health Ministry. Fifty-four healthcare professionals including physicians (gynecologists and pediatricians), nurses, and Health Community Agents (HCA) working at three basic health units were selected for this study. Most of the physicians and nurses stated that only sometimes do expectant mothers receive pre-natal care at an early stage. The majority of physicians and nurses stated that pre-natal care includes six or more visits, but they rarely occur. HCA, physicians, and nurses showed that they actively search for expectant mothers that skip pre-natal consultations, and HCA affirmed that they conduct home visits aiming to contact these patients. According to 44.4% of the physicians and nurses, mothers have a visit scheduled for up to 42 days after childbirth. Most of the participants confirmed that they develop actions to encourage breastfeeding during the pre- natal and puerperium periods as well as at 30 days, six months, and twelve months after childbirth. Of all the participants, 59.3% stated that the children assisted at the health units follow the recommended vaccination schedule. Most physicians and nurses confirmed that children are seen at the basic healthcare unit within one week after birth, and that these professionals visit the child at home when necessary. All the participants--physicians, nurses, and HCA--confirmed that ongoing professional education takes place at the basic healthcare unit where they work; however, 51.9% stated that the health team sometimes participates in the activities. It was possible to identify several actions that followed the public policy recommendations for woman and child healthcare. Nevertheless, it is important to make healthcare professionals aware of the need to implement more action plans that meet the requirements of mothers and children assisted at healthcare units, aiming to diminish child mortality

Title: Psychosocial aspects of intrapartum and postpartum care Author: Mgr. Lea Takács Department: Department of Psychology Supervisor: PhDr. Simona Hoskovcová, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. PhDr. Pavel Čepický, CSc. Abstract Background: Satisfaction with perinatal care is largely a result of psychosocial aspects of the care provided. However, despite a considerable body of research, the concept of satisfaction with perinatal care is not sufficiently defined and understood, being often confused with other concepts, particularly with that of satisfaction with childbirth experience. The lack of knowledge concerns especially the psychosocial dimensions and determinants of the care, most importantly for different groups of women, and the level of importance of psychosocial factors for satisfaction compared to biomedical variables. Objective: The aim of the present dissertation is to contribute to the theory of satisfaction by investigating the psychosocial and biomedical factors that affect satisfaction with perinatal care and satisfaction with childbirth experience in different groups of women depending on the mode of delivery (vaginal delivery, emergency caesarean section or elective caesarean section). Method: Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the key predictors of satisfaction. The data were...

<p><strong>Bakgrund </strong>Att inducera en förlossning innebär att försöka manipulera igång ett förlossningsarbete i syfte att åstadkomma en vaginal förlossning. Nyttan med induktionen måste alltid överväga riskerna för förlossningskomplikationer. Riksgenomsnittet för inducerade förlossningar var år 2007, 13,2 %. <strong>Syfte </strong>Kartlägga inducerade förlossningar på en förlossningsklinik i södra Sverige under året 2009. Kartläggningen inbegrep induktionsindikation, använda induktionsmetoder samt förlossningsförlopp och utfall. <strong>Metod </strong>Retrospektiv observationsstudie där samtliga inducerade förlossningar med levande foster vid induktionsstarten under 2009 på förlossningskliniken inkluderades. Detta gav ett underlag på 306 inducerade förlossningar. Chi-två test och Fisher´s exakta test användes för att testa skillnader i resultatet. <strong>Resultat </strong>Indikationerna till förlossningsinduktion fördelade sig så att 250 (82 %) utgjorde medicinsk indikation, där vattenavgång utgjorde den främsta anledningen, och 56 (18 %) på humanitär indikation. Det var 220 kvinnor som krävde minst ett upprepat induktionsförsök innan de kom i aktivt förlossningsarbete. Det fanns en signifikant skillnad som talade för att ju högre Bishop score det var vid första induktionsförsöket, desto kortare tid till partus. Förlossningsutfallet blev 71% partus normalis, 18% sectio, 6% vakuum extraktion och 5% partus cum haem. <strong>Slutsats </strong>Studien visade att<strong> </strong>det kan finnas anledning för förlossningskliniken att förbättra journalföringen och öka följsamheten av PM vid förlossningsinduktioner.</p> / <p><strong>Background </strong>To induce labour means trying to manipulate labour to start in order to achieve vaginal childbirth. The benefits of induction must always outweigh the risk of labour complications. The national average of induced labour in 2007 was 13, 2%. <strong>Aim </strong>To map induced labours at a childbirth clinic in Southern Sweden during 2009. The mapping included induction indication, used methods of induction, childbirth processes and outcome. <strong>Method</strong> Retrospective observation study which included all induced labours with living foetuses at the start of induction, at the childbirth clinic during 2009. This gave a basis of 306 induced labours. Chi-squared testing and Fisher’s exact testing was used to test significant differences in the result. <strong>Result</strong> Indications of labour induction were divided where 250 (82%) constituted medical indication, the water breaking constituting the main reason, and 56 (18%) humanitarian indication. 220 women required at least one repeated induction try before they were in active labour. There was a significant difference indicating that the higher the Bishop Score was at the first induction try, the shorter the time until delivery. Labour outcome was 71% partum normalis, 18% caesarean sections, 6% vacuum extractions and 5% post partum haemorrhages. <strong>Conclusion </strong>The study showed that there might be reasons to improve the journal keeping and follow the PMs regarding labour induction at the childbirth clinic.</p>