Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Göteborg, 1993. / Added title page tipped in. Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-373).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization, December 1995. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Göteborg, 1993. / Added title page tipped in. Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-373).

Nîmâ Youchîdj, père de la poésie nouvelle en Iran, bénéficie d’apports culturels multiples dans le domaine de lalittérature persane et mondiale. Parmi les facteurs fondamentaux dans la réussite de ce poète novateur, la connaissancede la langue et de la littérature française apparaissent primordiales. C’est à l’école Saint-Louis que le poète s’initie à lalangue française, et que naît alors une véritable passion pour la littérature française, ses écrits en sont un témoignagefidèle. La maîtrise de cette langue lui ouvre de nouvelles perspectives littéraires. Il fréquente avec assiduité les ouvragespoétiques du XIXe siècle.Aussi le présent travail analyse l’influence d’Arthur Rimbaud, figure phare de la poésie française, sur la théorie et lapoésie de ce poète iranien. La méthodologie de base de cette thèse est puisée dans les théories de Carl Gustave Jung etde Gaston Bachelard. Afin de présenter l’importance de Nîmâ Youchîdj dans la révolution littéraire, cette étude traitedes différents styles et mouvements littéraires en Iran et du rôle de quelques poètes novateurs dans la modernisation dela poésie persane. La fréquence des éléments fondamentaux communs entre la poésie de ces deux poètes, la nature, lesconnotations symboliques et politiques et en particulier la notion de la poésie « objective » constituent le corps de cetteétude comparatiste. Celle-ci montre comment et dans quelle mesure le poète persan s’inspire des écrits d’ArthurRimbaud, précurseur de la poésie objective française pour fonder son manifeste et rompre avec la poésie classique, afinde fonder la « poésie libre » en Iran. / Youchîdj Nima, father of the new poetry in Iran, benefits from multiple cultural contributions in the field of Persian andworld literature. Among the fundamental factors in the success of this innovative poet, knowledge of the Frenchlanguage and literature seems to be of paramount importance. The poet started learning French language at the St. Louisschool where his passion for French literature is born; his writings are a true testimony to it. His command of Frenchopened up new literary perspectives for him. He studied diligently the poetic works of the 19th century.Moreover the present work analyses the influence of iconic French poet Arthur Rimbaud on the theory and poetry ofYouchîdj. The basic methodology of this thesis is drawn from the theories of Gustave Carl Jung and Gaston Bachelard.In order to present the importance of Nima Youchîdj in the literary revolution, this study deals with different styles andliterary movements in Iran and the role of several innovative poets in modernizing the Persian poetry. The frequency ofcommon fundamental elements between the poetry of these two poets forms the body of this comparative study whichincludes: nature, symbolic and political connotations, and especially the notion of the “objective” poetry. It shows howand to what extent the Persian poet was inspired to begin free poetry in Iran, following the writings of Arthur Rimbaud,the French pioneer of objective poetry who created his manifesto and broke away from classical poetry.

Dans cette thèse de littérature comparée nous avons essayé de montrer l’influence de la poésie moderne française issue de Baudelaire sur trois poètes contemporains : Nâder Nâderpour, Hassan Honarmandi et Mohammad Ali Eslâmi-e Nodouchane. Ils ont fait tous les trois leurs études à la Sorbonne. Depuis la période dite Machroutiat (ou Révolution constitutionnelle) des poètes modernes comme Nimâ ont écrit des poèmes en vers libres sur le modèle français. Les Iraniens, toujours attachés aux formes classiques, n’aimaient pas les vers libres. Le rôle de ces trois poètes a été de préparer le terrain pour que le lectorat persan accepte le vers libre. Ces poètes sont définis comme des poètes semi-traditionnels et en prenant des thèmes et des images puisés dans la poésie moderne française, ils ont œuvré pour que le vers libre soit bien apprécié en Iran. Ils ont choisi, dans la plupart de leurs œuvres, les quatrains continus qui sont une forme à mi-chemin entre les formes classiques et le vers libre. En choisissant les quatrains continus, ils ont essayé d’utiliser les thèmes et les images qui viennent principalement de la poésie de Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Valéry, Prévert…. Ces poètes sont considérés comme un « pont » par lequel les Iraniens passent de la poésie classique à la poésie moderne persane. Ils ont parfois fait des changements dans la disposition des rimes sur le modèle français. Parfois aussi ils ont intégré des tercets, des quintils ou des sizains dans leurs quatrains, ce qui peut être considéré comme une autre influence française. C’est la première fois que ces trois auteurs iraniens font l’objet d’une telle étude comparée qui propose en annexe un dossier de traductions inédites. / In this thesis, we have tried to show the influence of modern French poetry on three contemporary Iranians poets: Nâder Nâderpour, Hassan Honarmandi and Mohammad Ali Eslâmai-e Nodouchane. They have studied at Sorbonne University. Since the period of Mashroutiat or constitutional monarchy the modern poets like Nimâ have written the poems in “vers libres” following the French models. The Iranians, always attached to classical forms, didn’t like this form of “vers libres”. The role of theses three poets has been to prepare the ground to make accept “le vers libre” by the Iranian readership. These poets are grouped in semi-traditional group and they use the images and the themes of the modern French poetry, they have prepared the ground so that “le vers libres” will be well accepted in Iran.They have chosen, in the most of their poems, the continual quatrains “les quatrains continus”. They have tried to use the themes and the images that come principally from the poetry of Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Valéry, Prévert….These poets are considered like à “bridge” by which the Iranian cross the classical poetry to arrive to modern Persian poetry.They have sometimes changed the place of the rhymes following the French models. Sometimes they have integrated the “tercets”, “quintils” and “sizains” in their poetry among their “quatrains” and this can be considered as a French influence.

Modern scholarship associates the period in which the Safavid dynasty ruled in Iran (1501-1722) with two major developments in the Persianate. One is sectarian rupture between Iran under the Shi‘i Safavids, and other Persianate regions - including Turan (Central Asia) - under Sunni dynasties. The other is a roughly contemporaneous (late sixteenth-eighteenth century) movement in Persian poetry, which has long been designated in modern scholarship as sabk-i Hindī (the Indian style); I refer to this movement as the poesis of freshness. Through the assumption that India is outside the proper or natural home of Persian poetry, modern scholarship has tended to characterize the Indian style in terms of decline. The accounts of both sectarian rupture and the Indian style rely on assumptions about difference on the basis of anachronistic categories including sect, nation, and ethnicity. This dissertation shifts focus from modern assumptions about difference, to ways in which participants in the poesis of freshness made sense of kas̱rat (multiplicity), understood to indicate creation as that in which difference and determinacy inhere. What were ways of gleaning the presence of vaḥdat (unity) – including, but beyond, divine unity – in multiplicity, and of engaging with multiplicity so as to bring about unity? Given the association of verbal expression (lafẓ) with multiplicity, I understand poesis as one means of effecting the imaginative transformation of multiplicity and the cultivation of unity. A major emphasis in modern critiques of the so-called Indian style is that it was unnecessarily difficult to the point of meaninglessness. However, I argue that emphases in the poesis of freshness that may be related to difficulty – subtlety, intricacy, ambiguous polysemy, and the generation of new metaphorical equations – are meaningful, including as ways of honing verbal form to write multiplicity against itself and bring about unity. This dissertation has two parts: the first is centered on Persian poetry, and the second, on taẕkiras (biographical dictionaries of poets). While setting their works in conversation with others, I focus on Shawkat Bukhari (d. 1695 or 1696)’s poetic collection, and Maliha Samarqandi (d. after 1692)’s taẕkira, which includes a laudatory entry on Shawkat. Shawkat and Maliha both came from Turan (Bukhara and Samarqand respectively) and spent a significant amount of time in Iran, where they met; their transregional lives lend support to recent critiques of the narrative of sectarian rupture between Turan and Iran. Moreover, they do both describe and enact ways of encompassing and bringing together religiously-marked forms of differences (including the polarity between Sunnism and Shi‘ism). However, I demonstrate the need to interpret discussions of religiously marked differences through the matrix of the relationship between multiplicity and unity. Attention to unity and multiplicity in Shawkat and Maliha’s works makes it possible to intervene in modern assumptions about sectarian rupture and Indian poetic decadence without reifying their principal analytical terms. In doing so, it points to a more pressing concern: how to engage with creation – including language itself – without taking its forms of difference or determinacy as fixed or final, instead bringing out unity’s subtle and destabilizing presence in multiplicity.

In our modern world, a signifi cant number of traditional values have been dramatically manipulated, taking on new meanings and definitions quite diff erent from their original or natural signifi cance. Moreover, these traditional values are being replaced by new ones deemed more suitable to today’s world. Ideas such as selfl essness, humility, and longing, among others, have seemingly lost value as a consequence of the frantic pace of modern life and replaced by self-centredness, greed,aridity, exteriority, which will have a direct impact on our surrounding environment. Let’s imagine a land in which selfi shness is not a priority. Instead, replace it with a society driven by humane preferences. Would the architecture of that society still look like ours does today? Would it be as unsociable as it is in our so-called advanced civilization? This thesis investigates this query through a juxtaposition of the traditional values of a Persian art with the demands of modern life. It is a study of the calligraphic art of Iran as a transcendental practice, highly intertwined with strong emotions, wherein the intention of the research is to discover the relationship between Persian calligraphy and architecture. Presenting calligraphy as a context for understanding architecture has the potential to get beyond ourselves in the spaces we author. This research aims to allow the essence of Persian calligraphy into modern space as a means to revive the true essence of architecture: reunion of feeling and space, a concept that is given too little attention in our current architecture.

In our modern world, a signifi cant number of traditional values have been dramatically manipulated, taking on new meanings and definitions quite diff erent from their original or natural signifi cance. Moreover, these traditional values are being replaced by new ones deemed more suitable to today’s world. Ideas such as selfl essness, humility, and longing, among others, have seemingly lost value as a consequence of the frantic pace of modern life and replaced by self-centredness, greed,aridity, exteriority, which will have a direct impact on our surrounding environment. Let’s imagine a land in which selfi shness is not a priority. Instead, replace it with a society driven by humane preferences. Would the architecture of that society still look like ours does today? Would it be as unsociable as it is in our so-called advanced civilization? This thesis investigates this query through a juxtaposition of the traditional values of a Persian art with the demands of modern life. It is a study of the calligraphic art of Iran as a transcendental practice, highly intertwined with strong emotions, wherein the intention of the research is to discover the relationship between Persian calligraphy and architecture. Presenting calligraphy as a context for understanding architecture has the potential to get beyond ourselves in the spaces we author. This research aims to allow the essence of Persian calligraphy into modern space as a means to revive the true essence of architecture: reunion of feeling and space, a concept that is given too little attention in our current architecture.

Orientadores: Milton Jose de Almeida, Wenceslao Machado de Oliveira Júnior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JosirleyMariaMenezesda_D.pdf: 4386460 bytes, checksum: 3f5253ec22d3d4fc70c264d16a5ce916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Palavras despertadas a partir da pulsação das imagens poéticas dos filmes Bab'Aziz, de Nacer Khemir, e Shirin, de Abbas Kiarostami, conversando com os poemas Khosrow e Shirin e As sete princesas, ambos de Nezâmî. Encontros, caminhos, desertos em palavras, tendo como guia de travessia os estudos de Henry Corbin a partir dos relatos e da Teosofia de Sohravardî: busca pelas belezas do mundo árabe persa do século XII na perspectiva da Luz do Conhecimento. / Abstract: Words awakened from the pulse of poetic images of the films Bab'Aziz by Nacer Khemir, and Shirin by Abbas Kiarostami, talking to the poems Khosrow and Shirin and The Seven Princesses, both of Nezami. Dating, roads, deserts in words, guided crossing studies from Henry Corbin reports and Theosophy Sohravardi: search for beauty in the Arab world in the twelfth century Persian perspective of the Light of Knowledge. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutora em Educação

Pour les historiens de la Perse, le XIIIe siècle est celui des invasions mongoles et des bouleversements considérables qu’elles entrainèrent sur tout le plateau iranien. Pour l’histoire de la littérature, cependant, ces temps de grande violence définissent un épisode unique et fondateur : la naissance de la théorie littéraire en Iran. De fait, rien ne laissait présager l’éclosion, à quelques années de distance, aux marges opposées de la Perse (Shiraz, Alamut), de deux artes poetica à part entière, intégralement conçus et rédigés pour la première fois en persan. Avec son Livre de la somme, sur les étalons des poésies des Persans (Ketāb al-mo‘jam, fī ma‘āyīr aš‘ār al-‘ajam), Šams-e Qeys-e Rāzī (circ. 1175-1240) livrait sans conteste l’ouvrage le plus complet de la tradition. L’Étalon des poésies, de la science de la métrique et des rimes (Me‘yār al-aš‘ār, dar ‘elm-e ‘aruḍ va qavāfī) du grand savant et polygraphe Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (1201-1274), proposait quant à lui une analyse ambitieuse de l’essence de la poésie. À eux deux, ils signent le testament inaugural de la tradition poétologique persane. Ils déterminèrent en outre les deux grandes orientations de la tradition artigraphique ultérieure : l’approche esthético-littéraire, et l’approche philosophique. En proposant une lecture croisée de ces ouvrages, le présent travail espère contribuer à éclairer cet événement considérable que constitue l’avènement, en Iran, d’une véritable pensée du fait poétique. / From the point of view of Persian historiography, the 13th century identifies with the considerable changes brought about by the Mongol invasions throughout the Iranian plateau. For the history of literature, however, this sour era dates a single founding episode: the advent of literary theory in Iran. In fact, the emergence of two full-fledged artes poetica, entirely conceived and composed in the Persian language, just a few years apart, at opposite ends of the Persian lands (Shiraz, Alamut), could not easily be predicted. With his Compendium on the Standards of the Poetry of the Persians (Ketāb al-mo‘jam, fī ma‘āyīr aš‘ār al-‘ajam), Šams-e Qeys-e Rāzī (circ. 1175-1240) delivered the indisputable classic of the genre. As for The Standard of Poetry, on Metrics and Rhyme (Me‘yār al-aš‘ār, dar ‘elm-e ‘aruḍ va qavāfī) by the great scholar and polymath Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (1201-1274), it offered a far-reaching discussion of the essence of poetry. Together, these two works embody the inaugural legacy of Persian literary theory. They further defined the two major trends followed by later authors: the estheticliterary and the philosophical approach to poetry. With this cross-reading of the texts, we hope to shed some light on an event of no little importance: the emergence, in Iran, of a genuine endeavor to account for poetry as such.