The present study aims to contribute to insurance sector by investigating the risk reduction mechanisms: self-insurance, self-protection, and market insurance. First, individual valuations/demands for these mechanisms in fire and earthquake events are analyzed through conducting an experiment to 78 students from Middle East Technical University In addition, the effects of risk attitude, personality traits, and demographic variables (that are measured through using a questionnaire) on valuations to these precautionary actions&rsquo / are examined. The findings show that, consistent with the theory, self-insurance and market insurance are substitutes to each other / contrary to the theory, self-protection and market insurance are not complements, they are also substitutes to each other. Further, individuals prefer self-protection and self-insurance to market insurance for both fire and earthquake events. Lastly, individual investment attitude is found to affect the valuations of these three risk reduction mechanisms positively concluding that people perceive these mechanisms as an investment tool.

This research relies on the organization politics perceptions revision model proposed by Ferris et al. (2002). It discussed the relationships of the organization politics perceptions, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job anxiety. It also finds out the effects of personality (moderating variable) between perceptions of organizational politics and response variables. This research takes 40 institutions of Taiwan as objects, and received 1,940 questionnaires, including 1,890 effective questionnaires. Then we analyze the data by using the following methods: item analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and hierarchical regression analyzes. The conclusions are as below: Firstly, the organization politics perceptions and organizational commitment are fractional positive related; the organization politics perceptions and job satisfaction present negative remarkable related; the organization politics perceptions and job anxiety present postive remarkable related. Secondly, personality affects the organization politics perceptions and organizational commitment or job satisfaction, but does not affect the organization politics perceptions and job anxiety.

Creativity and innovation are different. How to encourage employees to produce the innovative behavior in the business organization in this century are very important and urgent. This study hopes to discuss the relationship among the personality traits, personal playfulness, organization playfulness climate and employee¡¦s innovative behavior. It¡¦s taken 30 organizations in Taiwan and the effective volume was 1,213, the returns-ratio reached 95.21%. We will use HLM (hierarchical linear model) to analyze the data instead of the regression analysis in tradition. The major result of this study are as following¡G 1.Locus of control has a significant effect on employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 2.A-type character has a significant effect on employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 3.Positive affectivity has a significant effect on employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 4.Negative affectivity has no significant effect on employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 5.Personal playfulness has a significant effect on employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 6.Organization playfulness climate has a significant effect on employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 7.Organization playfulness climate has no moderate effect on the relationship between locus of control and employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 8.Organization playfulness climate has no moderate effect on the relationship between A-type character and employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 9.Organization playfulness climate has no moderate effect on the relationship between positive affectivity and employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 10.Organization playfulness climate has no moderate effect on the relationship between negative affectivity and employee¡¦s innovative behavior. 11.Organization playfulness climate has no moderate effect on the relationship between personal playfulness and employee¡¦s innovative behavior.

Psychopathy has become a highly researched personality disorder in order to better understand criminal and violent behavior (Hare, 1993). Measures of psychopathy have proven to be useful tools in predicting outcomes of institutionalized populations by predicting future dangerousness (Hare, 1999). While several experts in the field of psychopathy allude to the idea of the successful psychopath and their presence in the corporate world (Hare, 1993; Babiak & Hare, 2006), very little research has been done in this area. The current study builds upon the small amount of empirical research by testing hypotheses regarding the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and intentions to engage in white collar crime. Using a sample of 181 university students, psychopathic personality traits were measured using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory - Revised (PPI-R). In addition, scales were developed to measure attitudes toward white collar offending and vignettes were constructed to measures intentions to engage in white collar crime. Four relationships are of primary focus: 1.) Do psychopathic personality traits account for variability in attitudes toward white collar crime?; 2.) Do attitudes toward white collar crime correlate with intentions to engage in white collar crime?; 3.) Are psychopathic personality traits related to intentions to offend and?; 4.) Do attitudes toward offending mediate the relationship between psychopathy and intentions to offend? A major finding is that the Self-Centered Impulsivity factor of the PPI-R accounts for a significant amount of variance in intentions to engage in white collar crime and environmental crime. Additional relationships between psychopathy, attitudes, and intentions are also discussed.

With the propagation of individuals' presence in various online environments from social networks (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) and dating websites (e.g., Match.com, eHarmony.com) to personal blogs (e.g., WordPress.com) and employment websites (e.g., linkedIn.com), the need to understand online social dynamics has grown. In many cases, people are experiencing introductions online rather than in-person. In the absence of non-verbal information, one potentially important source of information available in virtual environments and communication is in the way people use language. With the development of computerized word count tools, it has become increasingly feasible to analyze large samples of text-based stimuli (e.g., Ireland, et al., 2011; Mehl, Gosling, & Pennebaker, 2006; Pennebaker, Mehl, & Niederhoffer, 2003; Tausczik & Pennebaker, 2010). These analyses have been able to reliably reveal a number of traits (e.g., Big Five, gender) and states (e.g., depression) about the authors of the texts. In a study of approximately 500 dyads, participants were asked to spend 10 minutes in an online chat room getting to know an individual for whom they were unacquainted. Participants then rated one another on a number of personality and individual difference traits. Analyses focused on sample-level, pair-level, and trait-level self-other agreement within the sample. Additionally, linguistic mediators of the self-other agreement were investigated. A Brunswick Lens Model was employed in order to interpret the relationship between linguistic cues and overall judgmental accuracy. Results revealed that self-other agreement in the online chat environment was achieved slightly above chance. Traits that were perceived accurately included Extraversion, Political Liberalism, and Tradition. Results also revealed that there were a number of valid linguistic markers to predicting accurate personality judgment. These cues, however, were rarely utilized to achieve accuracy. Also, counter to hypotheses, linguistic style matching (or the degree to which individuals were mimicking each other linguistically) was not predictive of self-other agreement. It was, however, significantly related to interaction quality. Taken together, the findings revealed that computer-mediated environments are a valid context for forming impressions. However, valid cues are either not available or not detected by perceivers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed as well as areas for future research. / text

For over half of a century, social and behavioral scientists have been investigating the construct of psychopathy. Even so, psychopathy is still a highly misunderstood personality construct. Even though it has been estimated that psychopaths make up only about 1% of the general population, they are believed to consist of 15-25% of the prison population (Hare, 1996). However, not all psychopaths are in prison. Psychopaths can also be found in such fields as the legal profession, the business world and in politics (Babiak, 1995). In terms of criminal behaviors, psychopaths are arrested at earlier ages, have a higher rate of offending, commit a wider array of offenses, are more likely to have used weapons and threatened violence, and are more likely to have used violence (Hart and Hare, 1997; Hare and McPherson, 1984; Serin, 1991; Wong, 1985). Also, once released from an institution, rates of recidivism for psychopaths are found to be higher than those for other criminals regarding both violent and FTSnon-violent criminal acts (Hemphill, Hare & Wong, 1998). Therefore, the societal importance of the psychopathy construct demanded that more research be conducted to better understand its underlying etiology, potential variants in typology, clinical course and potential treatment. Prior theories have proposed subtypes of psychopathy based on cognitive variables (passive avoidance errors) and on physiological variables (BIS/BAS) and on environmental variables (supportive upbringing or not). This study utilized self-report measures to assess the presence of psychopathy and to test the validity of the cognitive and physiological explanations for subtypes of psychopathy. A cognitive dissonance task tested the validity of the physiological theory and an alteration of a punishment task which increases the degree and strength of punishment tested the cognitive theory. Further, for the first time the construct of optimism was tested to determine it's role in parsing out two types of psychopathy.

Earlier quantitative entrepreneurial studies with a focus on poverty rate has centred their arguments and analyses entirely on income differences which has resulted in a high poverty rate among self-employed. Their results shows that variables such as age, gender, hours of labour and structure of the household significantly affect the poverty rate among self-employed. In this study we aim the focus on material living standards instead of income differences, thus using a more representative approach while studying entrepreneurial poverty. The purpose of the study was to examine how personality traits (big five) affect the material living standards among the self-employed in Sweden, using a group of employed as a control group. Variables earlier known to affect the poverty risk among self-employed where used as control variables together with education and household income. With this new aspect on entrepreneurial research, we found that four out of five personality traits affect the material living standard among self-employed. Two out of the five personality traits, openness and extraversion, where found uniquely on self-employed. Among the control variables only gender and household income seemed to affect the material living standard, thus excluding the effect of age, hours of labour, education and household structure. This indicates that personality traits should be considered using while studying poverty among the self-employed.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjami asmenybės bruožų, pasitenkinimo gyvenimu ir sveikatos rodiklių sąsajos Airijoje gyvenančių lietuvių imtyje. Atliktu tyrimu siekiama nustatyti, ar Airijoje gyvenantys lietuviai skiriasi asmenybės bruožais, pasitenkinimo gyvenimo lygiu, rūkymo ir gėrimo paplitimu, nusiskundimų sveikata dažnumu, patiriamo psichosocialinio streso lygiu nuo Lietuvoje gyvenančių lietuvių. Tyrimas padės atskleisti, ar egzistuoja sąsajos tarp asmenybės bruožų, pasitenkinimo gyvenimu ir sveikatos rodiklių. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad Airijoje gyvenantiems lietuviams yra būdinga labiau išreikšta ekstraversija ir atvirumas patyrimui. Taip pat Airijoje gyvenantys lietuviai pasižymi žemesniu neurotškumo lygiu. Nustatyta, kad Airijoje gyvenantys lietviai yra labiau patenkinti gyvenimu ir jų patiriamo psichosocialinio streso lygis žemesnis, jie turi mažiau nusiskundimų psichine ir fizine sveikata nei Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Rūkymo ir gėrimo paplitimas didesnis Airijoje gyvenančių lietuvių tarpe. Tyrimo rezultatai leido atskleisti ir patvirtino užsienio autorių tyrimo rezultatus, kad pasitenkinimas gyvenimu susijęs su asmenybės bruožais. Patikimiausiai su pasitenkinimu gyvenimu susiję šie bruožai: ekstraversija ir sutariamumas. Neurotizmas susijęs su patiriamo psichosocialinio streso lygiu, ir bendru sveikatos vertinimu. / The purpose of this stydy is to investigate correlates of personality traits, satisfaction with life and health in the sample of Lithuanians living in Ireland. This research will allow to determine whether Lithuanians living in Ireland differ in personality traits, satisfaction with life level, smoking and drinking habbits, psychosocial stress level, satisfaction with health and health complaints from lithuanians living in Lithuania. Although it will be examined if there is correlates between personality traits, satisfaction with life and health. The results show that Lithuanians living in Ireland have higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience. Lithuanians living in Ireland have lower level of neuroticizm. Although Lithuanians living in Ireland are more satisfied with life, have lower levels of psychosocial stress, are more satisfied with their health and have less complaints about physical and mental health then Lithuanians living in Ireland. Lithuanians in Ireland drink and smoke more then lithuanians in Lithuania. Research results confirmed that satisfaction with life correlates with personality traits: extraversion and agreebleness. Neuroticizm correlates with psychosocial stress and health satisfaction.

Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo patikrinti kokiais ryšiais yra susiję darbuotojų asmenybės savybių, organizacinės socializacijos ir organizacinio įsipareigojimo konstruktai. Tyrime dalyvavo 172 įvairių organizacijų darbuotojai, iš kurių 58 buvo vyrai ir 112 – moterų. Darbuotojų asmenybės savybės buvo įvertintos naudojant Didžiojo penketo klausimyną, kurį sukūrė John ir kt. (1991). Šiuo klausimynu matuotos ekstraversijos, sutariamumo, sąžiningumo, neurotiškumo ir atvirumo patyrimui asmenybės savybės. Organizacinis įsipareigojimas įvertintas Porter ir kt (1979) organizacinio įsipareigojimo klausimynu. Organizacinė socializacija įvertinta naudojant Taormina (2004) sukurtu ir peržiūrėtu organizacinės socializacijos inventoriumi. Šis inventorius socializaciją matuoja darbo mokymų, supratimo, kaip veikia organizacija, bendradarbių palaikymo bei ateities perspektyvų skalėmis. Pagrindiniai tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog organizacijų darbuotojams taikoma socializacija yra susijusi su organizaciniu įsipareigojimu. Kuo daugiau organizacija taiko socializacijos taktikas, tuo labiau jai įsipareigoję jaučiasi darbuotojai. Kitas svarbus tyrimo rezultatą atskleidė, jog individualiai geriau socializavęsi jaučiasi tie darbuotojai, kurie pasižymi ekstraversija, sutariamumu, sąžiningumu bei atvirumu patyrimui. / The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among employees’ personality traits, organizational socialization and organizational commitment. The participants of the present study were 172 employees (58 men and 112 women), working in various organizations. Employees’ personality traits were assessed with Big Five Inventory, developed by John et al. (1991), which included extraversion, agreeableness, consciousness, openness to experience and neurotism scales. Organizational commitment was assessed with Porter et al. (1979) organizational commitment questionnaire. Organizational socialization was assessed with organizational socialization inventory, developed and revised by Taormina (2004). This inventory included training, understanding, coworker support and future prospects. The general findings of the study indicated that employees’ socialization applied in organizations is significantly related to organizational commitment. Results showed that more socialization tactics organization applied, more their employees were committed to this organization. Another finding showed, employees that are more extraverts, agreeable, conscious and open to experience are likely to feel more socialized to organizations.

Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti emigracijoje gyvenančių lietuvių asmenybės bruožų, sveikatos rodiklių ir prisitaikymo naujoje aplinkoje sąsajas, bei skirtumus su Lietuvoje gyvenančiais lietuviais. Tyrime dalyvavo 409 tiriamieji: 199 emigracijoje gyvenantys lietuviai ir 209 Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Tiriamieji pildė klausimyną, kurį sudarė BFI (asmenybės bruožams tirti) skalė, HAD (nerimastingumo ir pablogėjusios nuotaikos skalė), nusiskundimų sveikata dažnumo vertinimas, ir prisitaikymo naujoje aplinkoje strategijų klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvių emigrantai nepasižymi didesniu polinkiu į ekstraversiją, atvirumą patirčiai, neurotiškumą, sutarimą su kitais ir sąžiningumą, nei Lietuvoje gyvenantys lietuviai. Emigrantų stipriau išreikštas neurotiškumas siejasi su didesniu polinkiu į separatizmą, švelniau išreikštas neurotiškumas, ryškesnis sąžiningumas siejasi su geresne integracija. Nenustatyta neurotiškumo su asimiliacija ir atvirumo patyrimui su integracija sąsajų. Lietuvių emigrantai nurodo mažiau nusiskundimų sveikatos būkle, vyrauja stipriau išreikštas nerimastingumas ir pablogėjusi nuotaika, palyginti su Lietuvoje gyvenančiais lietuviais. Be to, emigrantų didesnis nerimastingumas siejasi su stipriau išreikšta ekstraversija, sutarimu su kitais ir sąžiningumu, blogesnė nuotaika būdinga pasižymintiems didesniu sąžiningumu, bei vyrams su stipresniu ekstraversijos ir sutarimo kitais bruožu. Mažiau nusiskundimų sveikata nurodo linkusieji į ekstraversiją... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this study is to ascertain personality traits, health complaints and acculturation strategies in the sample of Lithuanian emigrants living abroad and compare with Lithuanian local inhabitants. The research involved 409 participants: 199 Lithuanian emigrants, living abroad and 209 local citizens that live in Lithuanian. Participants had to fill in a questionnaire made up of BFI (Big Five Inventory), HAD (Hospital anxiety and depression scale), health complaints scale and Acculturative Behavior Scale. The research results showed that Lithuanian emigrants and non-emigrants do not differ in the level of extraversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness and consciousness. Higher level of neuroticism tends to correlate with higher rates of separatism, lower neuroticism and stronger consciousness correlates with better integration. The results also showed that Lithuanian emigrants report less health complaints, but tend to have more anxiety and state of mind symptoms to compare with non-emigrants. The greater degrees of anxiety result in higher rates of extraversion, agreeableness and consciousness. Lithuanian emigrants with higher rates of consciousness and especially men with higher degree of extraversion and agreeableness tend to have worse state of mind. It is noticed that less heath complaints demonstrate those who are more extraverted, agreeable, less neurotic and men who are more open to experience. Moreover, higher degree of separatism enhances... [to full text]