Personality plays an important role in various aspects of our daily life. It is being used in many application scenarios such as i) personalized marketing and advertisement of commercial products, ii) designing personalized ambient environments, iii) personalized avatars in virtual world, and iv) by psychologists to treat various mental and personality disorders. Traditional methods of personality assessment require a long questionnaire to be completed, which is time consuming. On the other hand, several works have been published that seek to acquire various personality traits by analyzing Internet usage statistics. Researchers have used Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and various other websites to collect usage statistics. However, we are still far from a successful outcome. This thesis uses a range of divergent features of Facebook and LinkedIn social networks, both separately and collectively, in order to achieve better results. In this work, the big five personality trait model is used to analyze the five traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The experimental results show that the accuracy of personality detection improves with the use of complementary features of multiple social networks (Facebook and LinkedIn, in our case) for openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. However, for extroversion we found that the use of only LinkedIn features provides better results than the use of only Facebook features or both Facebook and LinkedIn features.

De nos jours, les entreprises font de plus en plus face au manque d’idées créatives en interne (Leimeister et al., 2009). Ce constat a conduit un nombre important d’entre elles à faire appel au crowdsourcing pour bénéficier de la créativité des participants sur Internet. Malgré les multiples bénéfices que cette stratégie procure aux entreprises, les chercheurs et praticiens soulignent l’existence d’un manque de participation de la part des consommateurs. Cette recherche vise à comprendre cette problématique en identifiant les facteurs explicatifs de la participation des consommateurs aux initiatives de crowdsourcing, plus particulièrement aux concours créatifs. Pour y répondre, le présent travail doctoral propose une série d’études empiriques destinées à : (1) comprendre les objectifs managériaux associés au crowdsourcing, ses conditions de réussite et ses freins (2) examiner les principales motivations de la participation et le profil des individus participants et (3) tester l’influence d’un ensemble de variables sur l’intention de participer par le biais d’une étude expérimentale. Les résultats soulignent que la force ou l’attrait de la marque, l’attachement à la marque, le gain financier et la volonté d’apprendre influencent positivement l’intention de participer aux concours créatifs. Cette recherche contribue à la littérature existante en apportant une meilleure compréhension du rôle modérateur des traits individuels des participants et de l’attitude à l’égard du brief dans l’explication de l’intention de participer. Finalement, nous terminons ce travail doctoral par une discussion des principaux résultats obtenus et des voies de recherche à envisager dans le futur. / Nowadays, companies have to increasingly face a lack of internal creative ideas (Leimeister et al., 2009).This has led a significant number of companies to resort to crowdsourcing to benefit from the creativity of participants on the Internet. Despite its multiple benefits, businesses, researchers and practitioners notice a lack of user participation. This research aims to understand this problem by identifying the factors explaining the participation of users in crowdsourcing initiatives, especially in creative competitions. Following an incursion into the literature to understand and delineate the outlines of crowdsourcing, we identify the factors explaining participation in such initiatives. In order to feel the gap of the literature to some extent, this doctoral work proposes a series of empirical studies aiming at: (1) understanding the managerial objectives associated with crowdsourcing, its conditions of success and its constraints, (2) examining the main motivations for participation and the profile of participants, and (3) testing the influence of a set of variables on the intention to participate through an experimental study. The results point out that brand strength, brand attachment, financial gain and willingness to learn positively influence the intention to participate in creative contests. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a better understanding of the moderating role of participants' individual traits and their attitude towards the brief in explaining the intention to participate. Finally, we conclude this doctoral work with a discussion of the main results obtained and the research paths to be considered in the future.

Attitudes towards corruption have been attributed to a broad range of macro-level and, to a limited extent, micro-level antecedents. Neglected is academic research on the effect of individual-level psychological factors on the attitudes toward corruption. To fill this gap, this article aims to explore the impact of individuals' personality traits on their willingness to justify corrupt acts, drawing on data from World Values Survey Wave 6. By applying fixed effects models, the study finds that two of five personality traits - consciousness and agreeableness are significantly and negatively associated with individuals' willingness to justify corrupt exchanges. Additionally, the study results show that the association between the personality traits and corruption tolerance varies from country to country: openness to experience, for instance, was significantly and negatively associated with corruption tolerance in Germany, whereas this trend was not observed in the Dutch sample. Among the control variables, age and sex were significant predictors of corruption tolerance as well as the Dutch were less willing to justify corrupt acts than Germans. The study provides empirical and practical implications as well as suggestion for future research.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anorexia nervosa and several personality traits. Past research in this area has been contradictory for several reasons. Sociocultural theories have described the media's role in promoting eating disorders by portraying a thin body-type as the ideal. However, they have neglected to describe the personality ideal which our society promotes in women. It is proposed here that anorexics incorporate and oppose this ideal. Therefore, the anorexic personality is one filled with conflict.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine whether certain personality traits are as prominent in pharmacy practice residents who obtain positions through the post-Match process, previously referred to as the Scramble, as compared to residents who match directly with programs. Methods: Pharmacy residency program directors (RPDs) across the United States were asked to complete an electronic survey that gauged RPD perceptions of 13 personality traits commonly seen in pharmacy residents. RPDs were requested to separately evaluate residents who Scrambled and Matched to their respective programs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine factor structure for the personality traits and to assess whether factors associate differentially between Matched and Scrambled residents. Results: A total of 1876 RPDs of post-graduate year one (PGY1), post-graduate year two (PGY2), and combined PGY1 and PGY2 pharmacy residency programs were contacted for study participation with a response rate of 21 percent. Demographic variables related to program type and number of residents per class were similar between Scrambled and Matched groups. The EFA identified two factors across 13 traits: we termed them as traditional traits and grit-like traits, and they significantly differed between the Scramble and Match groups. RPD perception of traditional traits (nine traits) were significantly higher in the Match group (p < 0.05), whereas perceived grit-like traits (four traits) were significantly higher in the Scramble group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Residency candidates who Match versus candidates who Scramble are perceived to have unique and significantly different personality traits.

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The current study examined the effects of personality traits, psychopathy, and narcissism in the context of voluntary false confessions. The administration of various self-report measures in a sample of university students (N= 485) to assess personality traits, psychopathy, narcissism, and self-reported likelihood of voluntary falsely confessing enabled quantitative analysis of the interaction among these essential parameters. Narcissism and openness to experience accounted for 14% of the total variance in the likelihood of the voluntary false confessions in the male sample. Whilst narcissism and psychopathy accounted for 11% of the total variance in the female sample. These findings indicate that narcissism, psychopathy, and openness to experience are psychological factors that may have an impact on the likelihood of an individual confessing to a crime they did not commit, outside of the forensic settings.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study examined effects of ostracism on psychological well-being and self-control and the roles of the personality traits hope, optimism, and forgiveness as moderators of these effects. Undergraduate students (N=104) were randomly assigned to be included or excluded in a computerized ball-toss game, Cyberball. Facets of psychological well-being examined included belonging and self-esteem. Participants also completed cognitive and physical self-control measures via tracing and handgrip tasks. Ostracized participants experienced less belonging, but there was no significant difference between groups on self-esteem. Ostracized participants persisted for less time on the tracing task. There were no significant differences between groups for performance on the handgrip task. None of the personality traits were found to moderate the effects of ostracism on psychological well-being or self-control. Results are discussed in terms of implications and recommendations for future researchers.

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Driver heterogeneity in travel behavior has repeatedly been cited in the literature as a limitation that needs to be addressed. In this work, driver heterogeneity is addressed from four different perspectives. First, driver heterogeneity is addressed by models of driver perceptions of travel conditions: travel distance, time, and speed. Second, it is addressed from the perspective of driver learning trends and models of driver-types. Driver type is not commonly used in the vernacular of transportation engineering. It is a term that was developed in this work to reflect driver aggressiveness in route switching behavior. It may be interpreted as analogous to the commonly known personality-types, but applied to driver behavior. Third, driver heterogeneity is addressed via latent class choice models. Last, personality traits were found significant in all estimated models. The first three adopted perspectives were modeled as functions of variables of driver demographics, personality traits, and choice situation characteristics. The work is based on three datasets: a driving simulator experiment, an in situ driving experiment in real-world conditions, and a naturalistic real-life driving experiment. In total, the results are based on three experiments, 109 drivers, 74 route choice situations, and 8,644 route choices. It is assuring that results from all three experiments were found to be highly consistent. Discrepancies between predictions of network-oriented traffic assignment models and observed route choice percentages were identified and incorporating variables of driver heterogeneity were found to improve route choice model performance. Variables from all three groups: driver demographics, personality traits, and choice situation characteristics, were found significant in all considered models for driver heterogeneity. However, it is extremely interesting that all five variables of driver personality traits were found to be, in general, as significant as, and frequently more significant than, variables of trip characteristics — such as travel time. Neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness were found to increase route switching behavior, and openness to experience and agreeable were found to decrease route switching behavior. In addition, as expected, travel time was found to be highly significant in the models that were developed. However, unexpectedly, travel speed was also found to be highly significant, and travel distance was not as significant as expected. Results of this work are highly promising for the future of understanding and modeling of heterogeneity of human travel behavior, as well as for identifying target markets and the future of intelligent transportation systems. / Ph. D.