Studiens syfte var att undersöka kopplingen mellan hur professionella inom socialt arbete arbetar med män som utövat våld i en nära relation och hur de ser på problemet. Som metod användes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju yrkesverksamma inom socialt arbete. De informanter som deltog arbetade antingen inom socialtjänsten eller i verksamheter som erbjuder behandling för våldsutövande män. I studien användes ett genusperspektiv och den ekologiska modellen som teoretiska utgångspunkter. Studiens resultat visar att professionellas arbete speglar deras syn på mäns våld mot kvinnor. De som arbetar med kvinnorna ser konsekvenserna av våldet medan de som arbetar med männen ser de som könsneutrala människor som behöver hjälp. Resultatet visar även på vikten av att våldsutövare tar ansvar för våldet och söker hjälp, detta för att undvika att våldsproblematiken förs vidare eller fortsätter. Vidare framkommer brister både i metod vid behandling av våldsutövande män samt i socialtjänstens förmåga att identifiera en våldsutsatthet respektive våldsutövande. Den behandlingsmetod som används berör inte den koppling som finns mellan manlighet och våldsutövning och de professionella som arbetar behandlande tycks sakna detta perspektiv. / The purpose of this study was to examine the connection between how social work professionals, work with men who use violence in an intimate relationship and how they see the problem. To conduct the study a qualitative method was used that included interviews with seven professionals in social work. The professionals who participated worked either in social services or in organizations offering treatment for violent men. The study used a gender perspective and the ecological model as theoretical points.  The results of the study show that the professionals' work reflects their view of men's violence against women. Those who work with women see the consequences of violence while those working with the men see them as gender neutral people who need help. The results also show the importance for offenders to take responsibility for the violence and seek help, this is to avoid that the problems of violence are forwarded or continues. Furthermore, the lack of ability to identify the violence victimization and violence is found both in the methods used in treatment of violent men as well as in the social service’s. The method used for treatment does not affect the link between masculinity and violence, the professionals who work with treatment also seem to lack this perspective.

Die Leipziger Journalistik führte im Projekt „Zukunft des Journalismus“ (ZdJ) am Lehrstuhl Journalistik des Instituts für Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft der Universität Leipzig unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Michael Haller 2005 die bislang umfangreichste Online-Befragung unter Deutschlands Journalisten durch. Sie liefert erste Befunde über die Zukunft einer bedrohten Profession.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad det är som gör att vissa fullföljer sin utbildning och varför andra avbryter studierna på vård och omsorgsprogrammet på Komvux. Av vilken anledning fullföljer inte eleverna sina studier? Vad kan påverka studierna? Studien är kvalitativ och utgår från intervjuer med elever på vård och omsorgsprogrammet. Metoden som användes vid intervjuerna var halvstrukturerade frågor. Studiens konklusion är att eleverna inte fullföljer sina studier främst för att de blir gravida och för att de har svårt att hänga med pga. utbildningens upplägg och studietakt. Eleverna påverkas negativt av sin livssituation som tex att de har familj vilket gör att det är svårt att fokusera på studierna. Även hur undervisning bedrivs påverkar resultat och att det sociokulturella perspektivet har stor vikt för att eleverna skall fullfölja sina studier. Studien visar även att de som fullföljer sina studier sig har ett tydligt mål med sina studier som t.ex. att läsa vidare på Universitetet till sjuksköterska. / The aim of this study is to explore which factors that impact some students to continue and complete their studies in the health care program and why some of them had terminated their education. The method that was used was qualitative research interviews. In other words, interviewing the students with open questions rather than a questionnaire. The conclusion of the study was that the prime reasons for students who terminated their health care program were that they were pregnant or that they experienced that they could not cope with the study pace or the content of the studies. The students expressed that they were stressed by their own private living situation which led to difficulties in focusing on their studies. The results of the study also show how the scope of the health care program impacts on the students’ outcomes as well as how the social-cultural perspectives are of great importance for the success of the students’ attempts to finish their course. Finally, the study shows that they who completed their health care program had a clear goal with their studies e.g. to enter the Department of Nursing at the University.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through the process of innovation, organisations create technological growth. Successful innovation creates customer value through new products and services, and it could give rise to new markets. Successful innovations contribute to better quality, higher productivity, lower costs and increased profits. One of the ultimate goals for implementing innovation is to achieve a competitive advantage that leads to outperforming competitors. Through the understanding of the innovation processes, organisations can bring predictability into their innovation efforts. This comes from understanding and managing the forces that influence the decisions made by managers. Because of globalisation and fierce competition Spescom DataVoice, a South African technology company, is finding it increasingly difficult to compete in an international market. It is against the background of Spescom DataVoice's need to increase its innovation productivity that this research was spawn. The ambitious goal of this study was to investigate what Spescom DataVoice can do to become sustainable, innovative and competitive in its market space. This research firstly captured the important themes and theories around the subject of innovation and how it relates to strategy. The literature study will try to look into all the important work, especially well-known research and its significance. Lastly, the research will apply the knowledge gained by discussing the research questions relating to Spescom DataVoice's particular situation. The research will discuss the innovation capabilities and perspectives that Spescom DataVoice should focus on; the environment that is needed for sustainable continuous innovation; and innovation strategies that Spescom DataVoice could employ to improve its innovation productivity. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organisasies skep tegnologiese groei deur die proses van innovasie. Suksesvolle innovasie skep waarde vir kliënte deur nuwe produkte en dienste, wat weer kan aanleiding gee tot nuwe markte. Suksesvolle innovasie dra by tot beter kwaliteit, hoër produktiwiteit, laer koste en die verhoging van winste. Een van die uiteindelike doelwitte met die implementering van innovasie is om 'n kompeterende voordeel te bewerkstellig wat kan lei tot die oortreffing van kompeteerders. Deur die proses van innovasie beter te verstaan, bring organisasies meer stelligheid in hul pogings om te innoveer. Dit word meegebring deur die verstaan en bestuur van die kragte wat bestuurders se besluite beinvloed. As gevolg van globalisering en fel kompetisie vind Spescom DataVoice, 'n Suid-Afrikaanse tegnologie-maatskappy, dit al hoe moeiliker om in 'n internasionale mark mee te ding. Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond van Spescom DataVoice se behoefte, om hul produktiwiteit ten opsigte van innovasie te verhoog, dat hierdie navorsingstuk die lig gesien het. Die ambisieuse doelwit van hierdie studie was om te ondersoek wat Spescom DataVoice kan doen om volhoubaar, innoverend en kompeterend in sy mark mee te ding. Eerstens bekyk hierdie studie na die belangrike temas en teorieë rondom die onderwerp van innovasie en hoe dit verband hou met strategie. Die literatuurstudie poog om na al die belangrike werke in die vakgebied te kyk, veral die navorsingsresultate en bydrae wat dit opgelewer het. Verder sal die kennis wat opgedoen is toegepas word deur navorsingsvrae te bespreek wat gerig is op Spescom DataVoice se spesifieke situasie. Die navorsingstudie sal dan bespreek op watter innovasie vermoëns en perspektiewe Spescom DataVoice behoort te fokus; die omgewing wat nodig is vir volhoubare kontinue innovasie; en watter innovasie strategieë Spescom DataVoice kan aanwend om sy innovasie produktiwiteit te verhoog.

Background There are concerns over the low proportion of young people in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA] who regularly participate in physical activity [PA] (Al-Hazzaa, 2004; Al-Hazzaa, et al., 2011). Schools have a unique opportunity to promote PA and provide adequate PA opportunities for young people via the formal/informal curriculum, school sports programmes, and out-of-hours PA (Dobbins et al., 2009). However, implementing effective PA promotion programmes in schools is a challenge and requires consideration of a range of factors. In Saudi Arabia context, the secondary boys school PE programme comprises two main elements: 1) the PE curriculum which is compulsory for all students and includes one 45 minute PE lesson per week; 2) the extra-curricular programme which is optional and comprises the Internal Physical Activity Programme (IPAP) and the External Physical Activity Programme (EPAP). The IPAP activities occur during breaks between lessons whilst the EPAP takes place after school. Both are delivered by PE teachers. Research Aims The aims of this study were: 1) To investigate the nature and extent of the promotion of PA in boys secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. 2) To explore physical education teachers perspectives on the promotion of PA in boys secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. 3) To identify the factors that influence the promotion of PA in boys secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework for the study was based on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1997) which presumes that PA behaviour is influenced by: personal characteristics; behavioural factors; and environmental factors. In addition, the Active School model (Cale, 1997; Cale & Harrris, 2005) was utilised as a conceptual framework, guiding the investigation of PA promotion within schools and the analysis of data. Methodology In order to investigate the research questions, a two phased mixed method (Creswell, 2009) research project was carried out. Phase one involved a detailed survey questionnaire, informed by the Active School model, which was designed to gather information about PE teachers policies, practices and views with respect to the promotion of PA. The questionnaire s validity was enhanced via a number of Saudi experts who confirmed its appropriateness for use in the Saudi context. Moreover, a pilot study was undertaken to obtain valuable feedback relating to the format, content and clarity of both the survey questionnaire and interview schedule before the main study. The questionnaire was distributed to all secondary boys schools in Riyadh in KSA (N=181 schools). The response rate was 52%. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was employed in the analysis of the data. Phase two involved semi-structured interviews. Prior to conducting these, the interview schedule was piloted at one secondary school. Six PE teachers drawn from the survey sample were interviewed and the interview data were then transcribed and analysed using MAXQD10 software. Research Findings The survey revealed that two thirds of the secondary boys schools had a plan or policy for the promotion of PA, and almost 70% of PE teachers thought that their school significantly contributed to the promotion of PA. Games activities (e.g. football) dominated the PE curriculum, and the majority of schools also organised inter-school games competitions (e.g. league). In contrast, exercise and fitness-related activities (e.g. circuit training) were less common within the schools PE curricula. The PE curriculum was viewed by the teachers as the most important avenue to promote PA, followed by the IPAP and EPAP (95%, 91% and 73% respectively). Sports/activity facilities varied between schools, particularly in terms of indoor facilities, and over half of the PE teachers considered their indoor and outdoor facilities to be inadequate for promoting PA (54% and 57% respectively). The vast majority (90.3%) of the schools did not offer PA opportunities to parents/families. Furthermore, three quarters of the teachers expressed a need for professional development specifically in the area of PA promotion. On a positive note, headteachers and local PE supervisors were reported to be supportive of efforts to promote PA in the schools and provided support for both the IPAP and EPAP. All PE teachers, who were interviewed, considered the time allocated to PE programme to be insufficient for promoting PA amongst pupils. Further, some teachers viewed PE lessons as time off from serious school subjects and entertaining time . Most teachers reported that parents considered PE as unimportant and/or playtime . Discussion/Conclusion PE teachers views on role of schools in the promotion of PA were generally positive. The ways in which the teachers practiced the promotion of PA varied and maybe have been due to their narrow understanding of the whole school approach to PA promotion. The teachers focused on the PE curriculum and the PE extra-curricular programmes as the main avenues through which to promote PA within their schools, and gave less attention to other avenues such as the whole school environment. Almost all of the teachers had a sporting philosophy for PE leading them to privilege competitive sports. Although the teachers reported to have support from head teachers and local PE supervisors, many schools were not as conducive to PA promotion as they could be due to the narrow range of physical opportunities on offer, and the teachers lack of relevant professional development, the limited sports facilities and the insufficient maintenance of these. In addition, the status of, and time allocated to PE were found to be an issue influencing the promotion of PA in schools. It was concluded that actions could be taken to broaden PA promotion within Saudi schools. For example, policy update and development for PA promotion could be improved to address clothing and changing, traffic/transport, and playground bullying; establish links with outside sports agencies and professionals; and increase PA opportunities before or after school, or at weekends. The findings suggest that if the descriptor comprehensive which is widely used to distinguish whole school approaches from curriculum-only models of PA promotion is to be fully realised, schools need to make a clear and explicit effort to promote PA within the social/cultural environment. Further that research is needed on the social and cultural values, norms and perspectives affecting PA promotion in schools.

Manzo Elementary is located in Barrio Hollywood, a low-income neighborhood of Tucson, Arizona. Despite the school's low testing scores and small enrollment, Manzo was recognized as the Best Green School in the nation for 2012 by the U.S. Green Building Council and continues to receive positive media attention. This is because Manzo is thriving in areas of experiential learning and ecological initiatives through the use of its school garden. The school has built sustainability into the core of its curriculum and physical environment, integrating chickens, composting piles, rainwater cisterns, and desert biomes within its courtyards, classrooms and playgrounds. Literature on school gardens suggests that gardens heighten children's sense of place, time spent in the environment, and perceptions of natural areas. However, there is a large gap in the literature which focuses on the use of school gardens as an environmental learning tool, and the ways in which it can appeal and connect children and community partnerships from the perspective of those children involved. The research presented here is an attempt to close that gap by bringing Manzo students into the conversation on school gardens and experiential learning. This study looks at how students perceive their environment, how they are learning and acquiring new environmental knowledge, how they share that knowledge, and the actions and behaviors—both individually and collaboratively—that ensue.

This paper presents a critical analysis of the cultural and social constructions of aging and the aged which pervade public discourse around the growing population of elders in the U.S. Elders are socially 'othered' through processes of medicalization and categorization as an "at risk" group. Furthermore, elders are culturally constructed as unproductive and overconsumptive collective resources. As elders become increasingly central in social and political discourse surrounding health care and the division of resources, these culturally and socially constructed stereotypes have a real impact on social identity and policy decisions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of anthropology in contributing a critical perspective to the study of elders.

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti kineziterapeutų nuomonę apie profesinį pasirengimą, darbo sąlygas ir specialybės perspektyvas Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros sistemoje. Tyrimo metodai. Naudojant anoniminę anketą, buvo apklausta 170 respondentų, baigusių kineziterapijos studijas Lietuvos aukštosiose mokyklose. Rezultatai. Studijų metu įgytų žinių, profesinės kvalifikacijos bei pasirengimo praktiniam darbui įvertinimas dažniausiai buvo „geras“ arba „vidutinis“. Šis įvertinimas kito priklausomai nuo aukštosios mokyklos, kurioje baigtos kineziterapijos studijos (p < 0,05). Studijų metu respondentams labiausiai trūko praktinių užsiėmimų (69,4 proc.), disciplinų, susijusių su būsima profesija (52,9 proc.) ir kvalifikuotų dėstytojų (32,9 proc.). 61,8 proc. respondentų trūko profesinės literatūros, 65,3 proc. respondentų pabaigus studijas reikėjo lankyti papildomus kursus. 65 proc. respondentų buvo patenkinti savo darbu. Dažniausios nepasitenkinimo darbu priežastys buvo mažas atlyginimas (40,6 proc.) bei didelis fizinis darbo krūvis (21,2 proc.). Pasitenkinimui darbu turėjo įtakos darbo vietoje esanti kineziterapijos įranga ir priemonės bei pasitenkinimas studijomis (p < 0,05). Didžioji dauguma kineziterapeutų dirba ligoninėse (32,4 proc.), sanatorijose (20,6 proc.) ir poliklinikose (11,8 proc.). Darbe respondentams dažniausiai trūko tokių galimybių kaip atlyginimo augimas (61,0 proc.), gydytojų požiūrio į kineziterapiją keitimas (38,3) bei karjeros siekimas (37,0 proc.). Užsiimant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study was to assess the physical therapists‘ opinion about professional education, work conditions and perspectives in Lithuanian health care system. Methods. The anonymous questionnaire was used for persons who graduated Physical Therapy studies in Lithuanian universities and colleges. 170 questionnaires with answers were analyzed. Results. Knowledge, skill and practice obtained during the studies had evaluation point “good” or “moderate”. These evaluation points depend on graduated university or college (p < 0.05). Practice (69.4 %), professional subjects (52.9 %) and qualified teachers (32.9 %) were failed for respondents during the studies. 61.8 % of respondents needed proficiency literature and 65.3 % of them had additional courses after studies to improve them skill. 65 % of respondents were satisfied of their job. The reasons of the dissatisfaction were poor salary (40.6 %) and large physical work load (21.2 %). It was relation between job satisfaction and physical therapy equipment and satisfaction of the studies (p < 0.05). Most of respondents work in the hospitals (32.4 %), sanatoriums (20.6 %) and health centers (11.8 %). Such possibilities like enlargement of salary (61.0 %), changes of physicians’ professional image of physical therapists (38.3 %) and career (37.0) were failed at the work. Inflexible laws were the biggest obstacle in the private practice (47.4 %). 54.1 % of respondents don’t know what is the MN 124:2004 and 22.4 % don’t use it in... [to full text]

The term 'hard to reach' first appeared in the Health Visiting Review (Lowe 2007). This review claimed that the health visiting service was able and experienced in reaching the 'hard to reach'. Yet there was a dearth of health visiting literature on what this concept meant and how it was interpreted in practice. A wide literature review was undertaken which examined government child health policies on reducing health inequalities and how the targeting of services to meet the needs of 'vulnerable', 'disadvantaged' or 'hard to reach' families had developed. The literature review identified how the concept of risk in relation to child health promotion had been defined and redefined since the 1970s. The latest shift involved the identification of 'new social risks' and the promotion of early intervention to prevent social exclusion and health inequalities. At the time of the study's inception, health visiting was a service both in decline and under threat. In contrast, the development of new early intervention programmes such as Sure Start (National Evaluation of Sure Start 2005), On Track (Doherty et al. 2003) and intensive home visiting (Barlow et al. 2005) also led to the critical examination of the concept of 'hard to reach'. In response to the lack of information on the concept of 'hard to reach' in health visiting, I set out to examine critically how Health Visitors (HVs) working in a disadvantaged area conceptualised and operationalised the concept of 'hard to reach'. This qualitative ethnographic case study (Yin 2003), by using research methods of focus groups, participant observation of a Well-Baby Clinic and interviews, gathered perceptions and experiences of HVs and service users. Thematic analysis was guided by Gee's (2005) method of critical discourse analysis and revealed how the term was contested by HV practitioners. It was considered a broad term that in practice could be applied widely and negatively as a label for non-engaging service users; yet themes emerged which also demonstrated how HVs related to and constructed the concept in their day-to-day practices of client engagement. The findings were categorised and a typology was developed in relation to the reach of health visiting within a predominantly deficit model of health. The typology consists of four types, all of which relate to the 'reach' of the health visiting service at the interpersonal level. The first type, the 'easy to reach' client, highlights the diversity of clients: not all clients living within a disadvantaged area were 'hard to reach'. This category also identifies how some clients living within this disadvantaged area developed relationships with HVs. Including the type 'easy to reach' within the typology acknowledges the diversity of clients living within an area of disadvantage, and also the facilitators in HV/Client relationships. The second type identified was the 'emotionally hard to reach' client, and identifies characteristics of clients who had a tentative relationship with the health visiting service. Working with 'emotionally hard to reach' clients involved negotiation and the building of trust at each encounter. The third type, 'physically hard to reach', developed following the identification of a range of barriers that reduced access to vulnerable clients. The fourth type, 'hard to reach services', arose from the findings - and this type relates to barriers created by the organisation of the health visiting service in a disadvantaged area. The typology highlights the importance of both clients' and HVs' engagement in the development of working relationships. It recognises the organisational structures and discourses that act as barriers and facilitators to client engagement. It recommends that health visiting should take the opportunity offered in the Health Visitor Implementation Plan (DH 2011) to develop a health visiting service underpinned with a strengths-based model of public health.

Advancements in media technologies have resulted in increased student usage causing teachers to struggle to be able to engage and hold student’s interest in a typical classroom. As students’ needs change, the field of education changes. One strategy that is gaining in popularity among teachers is the implementation of the “flipped classroom” also known as the “inverted classroom” or “reverse instruction” - a method incorporates technology to “flip” or “reverse” what is typically done in class with what is typically done as homework. Through teacher interviews of eight core teachers, this study attempts to discover teacher perceptions of the use of this method. Results of the study reveal that perceptions of the method are more positive among teachers who typically use lecture as a primary mode of information dissemination.