Halle, Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

Frankfurt (Main), Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-03T10:38:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5867083 bytes, checksum: 916fdcf3e282fa36b460ff1928933f7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T10:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5867083 bytes, checksum: 916fdcf3e282fa36b460ff1928933f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-15 / O gene Sw-5, membro de uma família multigênica com membros dispersos nos cromossomos 9 e 12 do tomateiro, é o principal gene de resistência a tospovírus utilizado nos programas de melhoramento de tomateiro para a indústria e para mesa. O acesso LA 371 de Lycopersicon peruvianum possui resistência de amplo espectro a tospovírus e estudos de introgressão e análise genética da resistência demonstraram que a resistência desse acesso é determinada por um gene dominante localizado no loco Sw-5 ou em um loco proximamente ligado. Estudos prévios haviam levantado a hipótese de que oligonucleotídeos que anelam nas regiões correspondentes ao início da ORF codificada por Sw-5 e na região 5’ deste gene poderiam amplificar seqüências do loco Sw-5 e de um loco proximamente ligado. Esta hipótese foi confirmada neste trabalho. Utilizando esses oligonucleotídeos foram amplificados e clonados dois genes homólogos ao Sw-5, denominados de homólogo 1 e homólogo 2, a partir de DNA extraído de uma planta resistente a tospovírus denominada EP-1 derivada do acesso LA 371. As proteínas putativas codificadas por esses homólogos apresentam 92,94 % de similaridade diferindo em 82 aminoácidos. A proteína 2 é mais similar à proteína codificada pelo gene Sw-5 (99,28%) sugerindo que o homólogo 2 é responsável pela resistência a tospovírus encontrada em LA 371. Essas seqüências foram transferidas para o vetor binário pBI121 e experimentos de transformação encontram-se em andamento visando à comprovação da função desses homólogos na resistência de LA 371 a tospovírus. / The gene Sw-5, member of a multigenic family with members dispersed in tomato chromosomes 9 and 12, is the most used tospovirus resistance gene in tomato breeding programs. The Lycopersicon peruvianum accession LA 371 has a broad-spectrum toposvirus resistance. Genetic analysis has demonstrated that a dominant gene located in the Sw-5 locus or in a closely linked locus is responsible for tospovirus resistance of this accession. Prior studies suggested that oligonucleotides with complementary sequences corresponding to the terminal regions of the Sw-5 ORF would be able to amplify sequences from the Sw-5 locus and from one closely linked locus. This hypothesis was confirmed in this work. DNA extracted from a tospovirus resistant plant called EP-1, derived from the accession LA 371, was used as template for PCR amplification. The PCR product was cloned and restriction analysis revealed that two Sw-5 homologous sequences, called homologous 1 and homologous 2, had been cloned. The putative protein codified by these homologous display 92.94% of similarity for each other, differing in 82 amino acids. The protein coded by homologous 2 is more similar to Sw-5 protein (99.28%) suggesting that this homologous is responsible for the LA 371 tospovirus resistance. These sequences were transferred to the binary vector pBI121 and transformation experiments are in progress aiming to test this hypothesis. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria

Submitted by Heitor Rapela Medeiros (heitor.rapela@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T12:26:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ESTUDO GALENICO DE FORMAS PLÁSTICAS (GEL E CREME) DO EX-TRAT.pdf: 930042 bytes, checksum: 9e27a74cc2cb3a7521c388c20dd139d0 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T12:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ESTUDO GALENICO DE FORMAS PLÁSTICAS (GEL E CREME) DO EX-TRAT.pdf: 930042 bytes, checksum: 9e27a74cc2cb3a7521c388c20dd139d0 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / As infecções do trato genital são a causa mais frequente de consulta ginecológica (50-70 % das queixas). Acredita-se que todas as mulheres sexualmente ativas já tiveram pelo menos um episódio de vaginose bacteriana e/ou vulvovaginite. O aumento da resistência das bactérias aos antibióticos convencionais tem estimulado intensos esforços para desenvolver novos agentes antimicrobianos eficazes contra essas bactérias e fungos. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar a produção de formas farmacêuticas plásticas de ação tópica dermatológica e vaginal a partir do extrato seco do hipocotiledon, de Lepidium peruvianum CHACON sp. Nov. = Lepidium meyenii WALP., popularmente conhecida como MACA; esta é uma planta herbácea, bienal ou anual; distribuída basicamente nos Andes Centrais do Peru, em altitudes que vão de 3.500 até 4.500 metros acima do nível do mar. Inicialmente foi feita a identificação botânica e a obtenção de extrato aquoso. Foi realizada a pesquisa de toxicidade da planta; através do teste de toxicidade aguda em camundongos com o extrato bruto, realizado por via intraperitoneal e via oral, a toxicidade foi testada até uma dose de 4.500 mg/kg; e posteriormente foi verificada a ação frente a fungos e bactérias patógenas, comprovando se a ação sobre fungos. Ensaios farmacotécnicos revelaram que o extrato se incorpora perfeitamente nas formulações escolhidas. A determinação das características físicoquímicas dos produtos acabados mostrou que a manipulação não altera qualitativa nem quantitativamente o extrato. Estudos preliminares indicam que as perspectivas de sua utilização nas Indústrias, Cosmética e de Medicamentos são ótimas, pois a utilização destas novas formulações leva a uma diminuição do uso de métodos convencionais, que não raro acarretam ações indesejáveis ao organismo humano.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Halle-Wittenberg, 1997. / Zsfassung in engl. Sprache.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_blanca_acuna_idrogo.pdf: 2513627 bytes, checksum: 04a4e68c1763a9929f1a4cfa61b1b413 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-17 / The present reseaech paper was made in the District,Province and Region Lambayeque located in northern Perú during the agricultura seasons: 2004-2005, 2005- 2007 and 2006-2007. The objetive was to evaluate the entomo fauna behavior and the This research work is run in the District, Province and Region Lambayeque, Peru during the crop season 2004-2005, 2005-2006 and 2006 - 2007 with the objective of evaluating the behavior of the entomofauna and yield potential native cotton (Gossypium barbadense L Ssp. Peruvianum).) cotton called "country". The crop was installed in June 2004 beginning with a nursery, in an area corresponding to Ferreñafe Sican Museum and its final installation in the field of Sipan Museum in Lambayeque, at an altitude of 29 meters, average temperature 22.5 º C, humidity on 75% and an average rainfall of 24 mm. 1.333 plants were installed. Also served to assess the ecotypes of color, material valued for its natural color, with a genetic resource of great value to work rescuing this poor germplasm, which is in danger of extisiòn due to the introduction of commercial hybrid , that would put in risk so precious ancestral legacy. We found significant genetic variation in all attributes evaluated. Ferreñafe province had the highest genetic variability in fiber color, the colored ecotypes present five out of nine. The most critical phases of pest attack were sprouting, fruiting and capsule opening. There was a low infestation of worm borer leaf Bucculatrix thurberiella, "Arrebiatadas" Dysdercus peruvianus "Peruvian beaked" Anthonomus vestitus and "wart mite" Acaliptus gossypii, mainly due to unsuitable conditions for their development. The native cotton crop will be greatly affected by the attack of pests if not done an adequate integrated pest management. The more promising ecotypes were: Orange-face, Fine red, white and pink White simple, 2903, 1880, 1642 and 1.24 kilos per plant, respectively. For weight of weed, highlights the ecotypes: Fine Colorado Claro Fifo 3.95 to 2.96 g, respectively, was found in the first harvest of the arboretum A , a greater number of fruit branches with 43,797 branches, with respect to the soca harvest, which formed only 10,643 fruit branches. In the arboretum "B", the results were the same trend. Sample sizes were adequate and representative of the population. The data had a normal or approximately normal distribution. / El presente trabajo de investigación se ejecutó en el Distrito, Provincia y Región Lambayeque-Perú, durante las campañas agrícola 2004-2005, 2005-2006 y 2006- 2007 con el objetivo de evaluar, el comportamiento de la entomofauna y el potencial de rendimiento de algodones nativos (Gossypium barbadense L. Ssp. Peruvianum) , denominado algodón del país . El cultivo se instaló en Junio 2004 iniciándose con un vivero, en un área correspondiente al Museo Sicán de Ferreñafe y su instalación definitiva en el ámbito del Museo de Sipán, en Lambayeque. Se instalaron 1,333 plantones. Además sirvió para evaluar los ecotipos de color, material valioso por su coloración natural, siendo un recurso genético de gran valor para trabajos de rescate de este escaso germoplasma, que se encuentra en peligro de extinción debido a la introducción de híbridos comerciales y cultivares transgénicos, que pondrían en riesgo tan preciado legado ancestral. Se encontró variabilidad genética significativa en todos los atributos evaluados. La provincia de Ferreñafe presentó la mayor variabilidad genética en color de fibra, al presentar cinco ecotipos coloreados de un total de nueve. Las fases más críticas para el ataque de plagas fueron en brotamiento, fructificación y apertura de cápsulas. El cultivo de algodón nativo se verá muy afectado por el ataque de plagas si no se realiza un adecuado manejo integrado de plagas. Los ecotipos más rendidores fueron: Anaranjado-Ante, fino colorado, blanco rosáceo y blanco simple, con 2.903, 1.880, 1.642 y 1.24 kilogramos por planta, respectivamente. Para peso de mota, sobresalieron los ecotipos: Fino colorado y fifo claro con 3.95 a 2.96 g, respectivamente, se encontró en la primera cosecha del arboretum A , en mayor número de ramas fruteras con 43.797 ramas, con respecto a la cosecha soca , que solo formó 10.643 ramas fruteras. En el arboretum B , los resultados tuvieron la misma tendencia.

No description available.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-10T17:38:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 609213 bytes, checksum: 2d38b204162050215b755964519aea1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T17:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 609213 bytes, checksum: 2d38b204162050215b755964519aea1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Plantas dos acessos de Lycopersicon peruvianum (LA 444/1-19, LA 371-20, PI 126444-3, PI 126928-2, PI 126944-6 e PI 126944-12) e de L. chilense (LA 130-5 e LA 2753-11) que possuem resistência de amplo espectro a tospovírus foram utilizadas no cruzamento com a cultivar Moneymaker (L. esculentum) para produção de híbridos interespecíficos, visando a introgressão dessa resistência no tomateiro cultivado. Para superar as barreiras interespecíficas verificadas nestes cruzamentos utilizou-se o cultivo in vitro de sementes imaturas em meio de cultura Murashige & Skoog (MS). Obtiveram-se cinco híbridos do cruzamento L. esculentum x LA 130-5, quatro do cruzamento L. esculentum x LA 2753-11, quatro do cruzamento L. esculentum x LA 371-20, cinco do cruzamento L. esculentum x LA 444/1-19, um do cruzamento L. esculentum x PI 126944-6 e um do cruzamento L. esculentum x PI 126944-12. Não se obteve nenhuma planta dos cruzamentos entre L. esculentum e os acessos PI 126444 e PI 126928, mesmo utilizando-se o cultivo in vitro de semente imatura. Todos os híbridos foram auto-incompatíveis e apresentaram características morfológicas intermediárias aos seus progenitores. A natureza híbrida das plantas F 1 foi confirmada utilizando-se um marcador molecular CAPS. Alguns dos híbridos foram propagados mediante o processo de estaquia e inoculados para avaliação da resistência com isolados de tospovírus, pertencentes às espécies Tomato spotted wilt virus - TSWV, Groundnut ringspot virus GRSV e Tomato chlorotic spot virus - TCSV. Os híbridos foram submetidos a duas inoculações via extrato foliar tamponado, realizadas num intervalo de sete dias. Apenas os híbridos do cruzamento L. esculentum x LA 371-20 e L. esculentum x PI 126944-6 foram resistentes aos três isolados utilizados. Os demais híbridos foram resistentes aos isolados das espécies GRSV e TCSV, mas suscetíveis ao isolado da espécie TSWV. Os híbridos foram retrocruzados com a cultivar Moneymaker para obtenção de populações de retrocruzamento (RC). Populações RC 1 para os híbridos L. esculentum x LA 130-5, L. esculentum x LA 2753-11, L. esculentum x LA 371-20 e L. esculentum x LA 444/1-19 foram obtidas utilizando-se também o cultivo in vitro de sementes imaturas, obtendo- se um total de 99 plantas RC 1 . Estas plantas foram autofecundadas e novamente retrocruzadas com a cultivar Moneymaker, gerando populações RC 1 F 2 e RC 2 , respectivamente. O estudo da herança da resistência em uma população RC 1 F 2 derivada de L. peruvianum LA 371-20 indicou que a resistência originária dessa fonte é condicionada por um gene dominante, sendo efetiva contra três espécies de tospovírus (TSWV, TCSV e GRSV). A análise genética dessa progênie com um marcador molecular CAPS ligado ao gene Sw-5 demonstrou que o gene de resistência derivado do acesso LA 371-20 é um alelo do loco Sw-5 ou um gene proximamente ligado. / Accessions of Lycopersicon peruvianum (LA 444/1-19, LA 371-20, PI 126444-3, PI 126928-2, PI 126944-6, PI 126944-12) and L. chilense (LA 130-5, LA 2753-11) that possess wide spectrum tospovirus resistance were used in crosses with the cultivar Moneymaker (L. esculentum) for production of interspecific hybrids, seeking the introgression of this resistance into cultivated varieties. The interspecific barriers in these crossings were overcome by cultivating immature seeds in Murashige & Skoog medium. Hybrids were obtained from crosses ́Moneymaker ́x LA 130-5; ́Moneymaker ́x LA 2753-11; ́Moneymaker ́x LA 371-20; ́Moneymaker ́ x LA 444/1-19; ́Moneymaker ́ x PI 126944-6 and ́Moneymaker ́ x PI 126944-12. Seeds derived from crosses between ́Moneymaker ́and accessions PI 126444 and PI 126928 did not germinated or produced abnormal seedlings. All hybrids were self-incompatible and displayed morphological characteristics intermediate to their progenitors. The hybrid nature of the F 1 plants was also confirmed by molecular marker analysis. Cuttings from some of the hybrids were inoculated with virus isolates, belonging to the species Tomato spotted wilt virus - TSWV, Groundnut ringspot virus - GRSV and Tomato chlorotic spot virus - TCSV. Only the cuttings from ́Moneymaker ́x LA 371-20 and ́Moneymaker ́x PI 126944-6 hybrids were resistant to all isolates. The others hybrids were resistant to GRSV and TCSV, but susceptible to the TSWV isolate. The hybrids were backcrossed to ́Moneymaker ́ for production of backcross populations (RC). RC 1 populations were obtained for ́Moneymaker ́ x LA 130-5, ́Moneymaker ́x LA 2753-11, ́Moneymaker ́ x LA 371-20 and ́Moneymaker ́ x LA 444/1-19. The RC 1 plants were selfed and again backcrossed to ́Moneymaker ́ to obtain RC 1 F 2 and RC 2 populations, respectively. Inheritance studies of the resistance in a population RC 1 F 2 derived from LA 371-20, showed that the resistance of this accession is conditioned by a dominant gene effective against three tospovirus species (TSWV, TCSV and GRSV). Genetic analysis of this progeny with a molecular CAPS marker linked to Sw-5, demonstrated that the gene derived from LA 371-20 is allelic to Sw-5 or a tightly linked gene. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria

Among viral diseases affecting cultivated tomato, Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating. This disease is caused by a complex of viruses of which Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is regarded as the most important species. Current control strategies to fight viral diseases in tomato are mainly based on genetic resistance derived from wild relatives. In the present thesis, resistance derived from S. chilense and S. peruvianum has been exploited in breeding for resistance to TYLCD. In a previous study, TYLCV-resistant breeding lines derived from LA1932, LA1960 and LA1971 S. chilense accessions were developed. Therefore, the first objective of this thesis was to study the genetic control of the resistance derived from these accessions. With this aim, response to viral infection was assayed in segregating generations derived from the aforementioned resistant lines. The results obtained were compatible with a monogenic control of resistance. Resistance levels were higher in LA1960- and LA1971-derived F2 generations, as shown by slighter symptoms in the resistant plants and a higher number of asymptomatic plants compared with the results obtained in the LA1932-derived F2 generation. It is noteworthy that the level of resistance present in our materials is comparable to or even higher than the levels found in tomato lines homozygous for Ty-1. The response in plants heterozygous for the resistance gene was comparable to the response in homozygous plants for all three sources employed. This implies that the resistance genes derived from all three sources seem to be almost completely dominant. This effect was stronger for LA1971-derived resistance. The results were similar when comparing viral accumulation, as was expected, since a positive correlation was found in these families between viral accumulation and symptom scores. This has important implications in breeding, since the resistance will be used mostly for hybrid development. Our second objective was to map the loci associated with the major resistance genes identified. A total of 263 markers were screened, 94 of them being polymorphic between both species. Recombinant analysis allowed the resistance loci to be localized on chromosome 6, in a marker interval of 25 cM. This interval includes the Ty-1/Ty-3 region, where two S. chilense-derived TYLCD resistance loci were previously mapped. In order to test if the resistance genes identified in our populations were allelic to Ty-1 and Ty-3, further fine mapping was carried out. A total of 13 additional molecular markers distributed on chromosome 6 allowed 66 recombinants to be identified, and the resistance region to be shortened to a marker interval of approximately 950 kb, which overlaps with the Ty-1/Ty-3 region described previously by other authors. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that closely linked genes or alleles of the same gene govern TYLCV resistance in several S. chilense accessions. The third objective of the present thesis was to start the construction of a set of introgression lines (ILs) derived from Solanum peruvianum accession PI 126944 into the cultivated tomato genetic background. Once this collection of ILs is developed, it will represent a powerful tool for exploiting the resistance to different pathogens found in this particular accession in addition to other possible characters of interest. The starting plant material consisted of several segregating generations that were derived from two interspecific hybrids previously obtained by our group. Many crosses and embryo rescue were required to obtain subsequent generations due to the high sexual incompatibility that exists between tomato and PI 126944. Several mature fruits from the most advanced generations produced a few viable seeds, although embryo rescue was also employed to obtain progeny. As only a few plants were obtained by direct backcrossing, additional crosses were made in order to increase the number of descendants. A high degree of incompatibility was also found in crosses between sib plants. A total of 263 molecular markers were tested in some generations, 105 being polymorphic between tomato and PI 126944. Available generations were genotyped with these polymorphic markers in order to determine which alleles of S. peruvianum were already introgressed. On average, 79, 78 and 84 % of the S. peruvianum genome was represented in the pseudo-F2, pseudo-F4 and pseudo-F5 generations, respectively, for the markers analyzed. A reduction in the S. peruvianum genome was observed in more advanced generations, such as BC1 (56 %), pseudo-F2-BC1 (60 %) and pseudo-F3-BC1 (70 %). A greater reduction was observed in the pseudo-F3-BC2 generation (33 %). As a consequence of the reduction in the S. peruvianum genome, a loss of incompatibility was observed in some cases. The S. peruvianum genome was almost completely represented among the different plants of the most advanced generations. An evaluation for resistance to TYLCD and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was carried out in some of the advanced generations, some of which were resistant to one or both viruses. In conclusion, we have conducted a successful and deeper exploitation of two wild species with proved resistance to TYLCD, S. chilense and S. peruvianum, identifying and fine mapping new genes of resistance. / Julián Rodríguez, O. (2014). Exploitation of Solanum chilense and Solanum peruvianum in tomato breeding for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl disease [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36867 / TESIS

The domesticated tomato Solanum lycopersicum (L.), formerly known as Lycopersicon esculentum is a genetically well-studied crop species with high-density linkage and molecular maps based on crosses done between cultivated tomato and its distant related wild species. Wild tomato species harbor a wealth of resistance to many pathogens that have been introgressed into domesticated tomato for genetic control of diseases and pests and for improvement of many agronomic traits. The wild tomato S. peruvianum (L.) is the source of the Sw-5 gene, characterized and mapped to chromosome 9 of the tomato genome and introgressed into elite tomato germplasm, providing resistance to the tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). TSWV has been reported to be a major problem for tomato growers in many parts of the world, which in some cases, has resulted in tomato fields having been abandoned for some time. Additionally, there are reports that new races of TSWV have evolved that overcome Sw-5. TSWV replicates in both, plant cells and in the alimentary canal cells of thrips and then transmitted to plants by this insect acting as a vector. Both, TSWV and thrips have co-evolved to infest and infect more than 1090 plants species in over 100 families, thrips becoming resistant to pesticides and easily escaping by hiding deep in plant parts. World trade has disseminated thrips all over the world and environmental pressures have forced TSWV to recombine its RNA to overcome new resistance.