Bactrocera tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, is established along the entire Australian east coast. It is a major pest of horticulture and arguably the worst horticultural insect pest in Australia. Adult flies lay eggs into fruit and resultant larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit. The population biology of B. tryoni has been well studied in temperate regions, where it has been established that climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall, limit population growth. In contrast, in subtropical and tropical regions, the population dynamics of the fly have been little studied. This thesis investigates the fly's phenology and abundance changes across subtropical and tropical Queensland and asks what factors govern the population cycles of B. tryoni in this state. Winter breeding and abundance of the fly, a component of the seasonal cycle which in south-east Queensland is fundamentally different from that observed in temperate Australia, is also investigated. A historical, extensive multi-year and multi-site trapping data set with from across Queensland was analysed to look at the effects of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity on B. tryoni trap catch. Trap data was further compared with the predicted phenology data generated by a DYMEX® based B. tryoni population phenology model. The phenology model used was based on a previously published model, but was also modified to more explicitly look at the effects of host plant availability and the presence or absence of non-reproductive over-wintering flies. Over-wintering field cage studies and a winter-spring field trapping study, both carried out in Brisbane, supplied additional data on B. tryoni's population abundance and capacity to breed during winter in the subtropics. Results show significant variation of monthly fly abundance for nine sites across Queensland. Abundance changed across sites in non-predictable ways. Annual population phenology within a site was, for some sites, highly consistent from year to year, but inconsistent for other sites. All sites in the subtropics showed some form of population depression during the cooler months, but breeding was continuous, albeit reduced at nearly all sites. Some tropical sites, where the climate is regarded as highly favourable for B. tryoni, still showed dramatic peaks and troughs in annual population abundance. There were relatively few significant correlations observed between weather factors and fly populations for any site. Output from the DYMEX population model suggested that fruit availability is a major driver of population dynamics in the tropical north of the state, while weather is more important in the subtropical south. The population dynamics of B. tryoni at sites along the central Queensland coast, where it is assumed that a mix of both weather and host fruit availability drive local populations, were poorly captured by the population model. Field cage results showed that B. tryoni successfully bred during winter in Brisbane, with pupal emergence starting in mid-winter (1st week of August), peaking in early spring (2nd week of September). Trap catch at orchards in Brisbane increased with increasing temperature and fruit availability, but diminished with decreasing temperature and fruit availability. The results suggest that B. tryoni has an optimal climate for population growth in the tropics, but fruit availability for offspring production limits population growth. In the subtropics however, both climate and fruit availability determine the population size. Winter temperatures are marginal for B. tryoni population growth in the subtropics.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Orientador: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres / Banca: André Luis Matioli / Banca: Rodrigo Damasco Daud / Resumo: Plantas nativas podem servir como reservatório para ácaros predadores que também são encontrados em plantas cultivadas. Fragmentos florestais presentes na borda de seringais podem influenciar positivamente a ocorrência de ácaros predadores no seringal, pois esses podem se deslocar da vegetação nativa para as seringueiras e vice-versa. O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer as espécies de ácaros associadas às plantas nativas de Mata Atlântica, que ocorrem próximas a seringais na região sul da Bahia, com ênfase nas espécies predadoras. As coletas foram qualitativas em três áreas: uma que faz limite com a borda do seringal, e duas em que as plantas nativas adentram o interior do seringal. Foram registradas 164 espécies representando 24 famílias, sendo as famílias Phytoseiidae e Tarsonemidae aquelas com o maior número de espécies registradas. Schefflera sp. (Araliaceae) foi a planta que abrigou a maior riqueza de ácaros predadores (19) e também o maior número de fitoseídeos (8). Essa elevada riqueza de predadores pode ser um indicativo de sua importância em servir como reservatório para esses ácaros. O grande número de espécies acarinas registradas nesse estudo ressalta a importância deste bioma como um dos centros mundiais de biodiversidade / Abstract: Native trees can be used as reservoir by predators mites that live in crops. Forest fragments located in the edge of rubber tree crops can influence helpfully the occurrence of predators mites in the rubber tree crops, because they can move from native vegetation to the rubber trees. In this study we assessed the mites species that live associated with native plants of the Atlantic Rainforest, neighboring to rubber tree crops from southern of the Bahia State, with emphasis in the predators species. The samples were qualitative and taken monthly from May 2008 to April 2009 in three areas: one these is located on the border of rubber tree crop and two whose native plants had within the rubber tree crop. We registered 164 mite species belonging to 24 families. Phytoseiidae and Tarsonemidae were the families with the higher number of species. Schefflera sp. (Araliaceae) was the native tree with the richest fauna of predators (19) and phytoseiid mites (8). This high richness can indicates its importance like a reservoir of these species of mites.. The high number of mites species found in this study highlights the great importance of this biome as a worldwide hotspot / Mestre

Digenetic trematodes are a common pest problem in aquaculture where their unappetizing appearance often reduces the marketability of food fish. Aquatic snails are intermediate hosts in the trematode lifecycle and are commonly targeted with control measures to prevent the crop fish from becoming infected. I evaluated several chemical and biological snail control strategies as alternatives to the potentially invasive black carp. Copper sulfate, hydrated lime slurry, and several fish and decapod species were tested for effectiveness against physid (Physa spp.) and planorbid (Helisoma spp.) snails in laboratory aquaria trials. Hydrated lime demonstrated effectiveness with the least potential to be toxic to cultured fish in regional application. Hybrid sunfish (redear × green sunfish) consumed large quantities of both snails in ad libitum feedings. The most effective biological (redear × green sunfish) and chemical (hydrated lime) control methods identified in the laboratory were evaluated further in research ponds. Hydrated lime applications of 9.07 kg over 9.14 m2 were found to be effective against Helisoma spp. confined to enclosures along the pond shoreline; average survival was 2%. When stocked in aquaculture ponds, hybrid redear sunfish did not significantly influence snail capture rates; however ponds stocked with redear sunfish experienced a gradual decrease in snail populations throughout the 2008 growing season. Hydrated lime and a combination of redear sunfish and hybrid redear sunfish were evaluated separately and in tandem as a combined chemical/biological treatment in the 2009 growing season. Evaluation occurred under mock production conditions in which hybrid striped bass were raised in the research ponds to determine snail treatment effects on trematode abundance. Ponds stocked with sunfish at 494 fish/ha had snail densities significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than control ponds after two months. Ponds treated with hydrated lime at 31.7 kg/31.5 m of shoreline in a 1 m swath experienced 99% estimated reductions in snail densities following application, but snail populations rebounded to previous levels within two months. The mean snail density in ponds treated with both hydrated lime and sunfish was significantly lower than control one month post treatment; this mean rebounded slightly by the conclusion of the trial, but not as much as in the chemical treatment group. Hybrid striped bass examined thoroughly for trematodes revealed a positive relationship between trematode abundance in fish and increasing Helisoma densities. This relationship was most apparent when estimates of snail density from only the beginning of the trial were used. Based on these results, it appears that a nearly complete reduction of Helisoma, particularly at the time of stocking fingerlings, is necessary to avoid a high abundance of trematodes in cultured fish. To this end, an early-season application of molluscicides followed closely by stocking of predator sunfish has potential to achieve a uniformly low density of snails throughout the growing season.

Data de aprova??o ausente. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T14:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T16:52:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T16:52:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Thaumastocoris peregrinus foi detectado no Brasil em 2008 e se disseminou pelos plantios florestais brasileiros de tal forma que, rapidamente, atingiu o n?vel de dano econ?mico e causou muitos preju?zos aos produtores. Por n?o haver nenhum m?todo de controle definido, utilizaram-se de pulveriza??es com inseticidas qu?micos para o controle desse inseto. No entanto, devido ao processo de certifica??o florestal, esse m?todo de controle foi rapidamente proibido. Assim, o controle biol?gico tem sido apontado como o mais adequado ao controle at? que se consiga gen?tipos resistentes. O uso de fungos entomopatog?nicos ? apontado como uma das melhores maneiras de controle do percevejo bronzeado devido o seu baixo impacto ambiental, dentre outras vantagens. Logo, objetivou-se selecionar isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa e Beauveria bassiana com potencial para o controle dessa praga. Em condi??es controladas testaram-se diferentes concentra??es (controle, 104, 106 e 108 esporos por ml) em indiv?duos adultos de T. peregrinus, em cinco repeti??es. Os indiv?duos foram mantidos em placas de Petri sobre partes de folhas (4 cm de di?metro) previamente inoculadas com a suspens?o de esporos. Os tratamentos foram avaliados diariamente quanto a mortalidade e os dados submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica. Considerou-se patog?nico o isolado cujo percentual de mortalidade sobre T. peregrinus foi igual ou superior a 80%. Na maior concentra??o todos os isolados de B. bassiana registraram mortalidade superior a 85%. No entanto, pelos testes de m?dia, alguns isolados se destacaram, tais como IBCB63 de Beauveria bassiana, IBCB159 de Metarhizium anisopliae, IBCB130 de Isaria fumosorosea e CG195 de Isaria farinosa. Assim constatou-se que, em laborat?rio, ? poss?vel o controle eficaz dessa praga por meio do uso de fungos entomopatog?nicos e que existem diferentes isolados, dentre as esp?cies testadas, com potencial de uso. Essa diversidade de isolados aptos ao controle ? importante devido ao processo de sele??o natural que leva ao aparecimento de insetos resistentes. Em um futuro uso, esses isolados poder?o ser intercalados e inibir ou retardar a ocorr?ncia desses indiv?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Thaumastocoris peregrinus was detected in Brazil in 2008 and spread by Brazilian forest plantations such a way that quickly reached the level of economic damage and caused many losses to producers. Because there is no defined control method, pulverizations with chemical insecticides were used to control this insect. However, due to the forest certification process, this method of control was quickly banned. Thus, biological control has been touted as the most suitable control method, until the identification of resistant genotypes. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is considered one of the best ways to control the bronze bug due to its low environmental impact, among other advantages. Therefore, this study aimed to select isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa and Beauveria bassiana with potential to control this pest. Under controlled conditions, different concentrations were tested (control, 104, 106 and 108 spores per ml) in adults of T. peregrinus in five replicates. The individuals were kept on Petri dishes over parts of leaves (diameter 4 cm) that were previously inoculated with the spore suspension. The treatments were evaluated daily for mortality and the data analyzed statistically. The isolate whose mortality percentage of T. peregrinus was equal or higher than 80% was considered pathogenic. At higher concentration, all the isolates of B. bassiana reported mortalities greater than 85%. However, the mean tests demonstrated that some isolates stood out, such as IBCB63 of Beauveria bassiana, IBCB159 of Metarhizium anisopliae, IBCB130 of Isaria fumosorosea and CG195 of Isaria farinosa. It was found that in laboratorial conditions, it is possible to control effectively this pest through the use of entomopathogenic fungi, and that there are different isolates with potential use among the species tested. This diversity of isolates able to the control it is important because of the natural selection process that leads to the onset of resistant insects. In a further use, these isolates can be interleaved and inhibit or delay the occurrence of these individuals.

FERNANDES, Winnie Cezario. Tripés em roseiras: identificação, monitoramento e controle químico. 2015. 72 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pós-Graduação em Agronomia / Fitotecnia, Fortaleza-Ce, 2015 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-19T12:37:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_wcfernandes.pdf: 1665544 bytes, checksum: 609939c8a1881a3933604f7aec2bea4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-19T12:37:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_wcfernandes.pdf: 1665544 bytes, checksum: 609939c8a1881a3933604f7aec2bea4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:37:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_wcfernandes.pdf: 1665544 bytes, checksum: 609939c8a1881a3933604f7aec2bea4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The growth in the production of ornamental plants is increasingly significant in Brazil and in the Northeast region, but the occurrence of pests is shown as a limiting factor. To minimize losses, adequate control measures should be employed. Accordingly, the correct identification of pests, population monitoring and studies on managements should be performed. The objective of this study was to identify thrips species in rose, characterize and quantify the damage loss caused by arthropod pests in the production of roses in Serra da Ibiapaba; to assess the fluctuation of thrips species in ten cultivars of rose, at different stages of flower development and monitoring systems, and; evaluate the efficiency of pesticides on Frankliniella spp. The experiments were conducted at the Company “Reijers Produção de Rosas”, São Benedito, Ceará State, “Lagoa Jussara” in planting roses in greenhouses. Three species of thrips have been identified: Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) and Caliothrips phaseoli (Pergande, 1825) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with the largest recorded infestations for F. occidentalis and F. schultzei in phenological phases of roses, especially in flowering. The injury caused by thrips in floral cut roses button affected the quality invalidating them for marketing. There was no difference between the sampling periods (morning and afternoon) and sampling (tray beat and direct view of the floral button) to the ten cultivars of roses, so the choice of the time and method must be reconciled with practicality and cost. The insecticides demonstrated ability to cause mortality of thrips in extreme conditions, within completely enclosed structures (flower buds). / O crescimento na produção de plantas ornamentais é cada vez mais significativo no Brasil e na região Nordeste do país, porém a ocorrência de pragas mostra-se como fator limitante. Para minimizar as perdas, medidas adequadas de controle devem ser empregadas. Nesse sentido, a identificação correta das pragas, seu monitoramento populacional e estudos sobre manejos devem ser realizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar espécies de tripes em roseira, caracterizar danos e quantificar as perdas ocasionadas pelo artrópode-praga na produção de rosas na Serra da Ibiapaba; avaliar a flutuação populacional das espécies de tripes em dez cultivares de roseira, em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento floral e sistemas de monitoramento, e; avaliar a eficiência de produtos fitossanitários sobre Frankliniella spp. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Empresa Reijers Produção de Rosas, Unidade São Benedito/CE, Fazenda Lagoa Jussara, em plantio de roseiras sob cultivo protegido. Foram identificadas três espécies de tripes: Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) e Caliothrips phaseoli (Pergande, 1825) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) sendo as maiores infestações registradas para F. occidentalis e F. schultzei nas diferentes fases fenológicas das roseiras, especialmente na floração. As injúrias causadas pelos tripes no botão floral de rosas de corte afetaram aqualidade inviabilizando-as para a comercialização. Não houve diferença estatística entre os períodos de amostragem (manhã e tarde) e os métodos de amostragem (batida de bandeja e visualização direta do botão floral) para as dez cultivares de roseiras, assim a escolha do horário e do método devem ser conciliadascom praticidade e custo.Os inseticidas demonstraram capacidade de causar mortalidade de tripes em condições extremas, ou seja, dentro de estruturas completamente fechadas (botões florais).

Submitted by CAMILA MOREIRA DE SOUZA null (souza_767@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-18T19:46:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila VERSÃO FINAL!!.pdf: 1089941 bytes, checksum: 0056d988ce48567a07396904b6b56cf3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-25T17:26:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moreiradesouza_c_me_bot.pdf: 1089941 bytes, checksum: 0056d988ce48567a07396904b6b56cf3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T17:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moreiradesouza_c_me_bot.pdf: 1089941 bytes, checksum: 0056d988ce48567a07396904b6b56cf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) destaca-se pela grande capacidade de dispersão, hábito polífago e por ocasionar expressivos danos em culturas de interesse econômico em todo o mundo. Dentre os métodos de manejo de insetos-praga, o uso de derivados vegetais é considerado uma promissora alternativa ao controle químico, uma vez que estes produtos apresentam mais de um ingrediente ativo em sua composição, dificultando a seleção de insetos resistentes, além de serem provenientes de recursos renováveis. Dentre as famílias botânicas de ocorrência em regiões neotropicais, Annonaceae constitui uma das principais fontes de compostos naturais bioativos. Assim, visando disponibilizar alternativas mais sustentáveis e ao mesmo tempo eficientes para o manejo de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), avaliou-se a bioatividade de cinco derivados de anonáceas (Annona montana Macfad., A. mucosa Jacq., A. muricata L., A. reticulata L. e A. sylvatica A. St.-Hil.) e do produto comercial à base de acetogeninas de anonáceas (Anosom® 1 EC) sobre lagartas do inseto. Adicionalmente, o composto majoritário do extrato mais ativo foi identificado e também avaliado quanto à sua bioatividade sobre formas neonatas de H. armigera. Constatou-se que o extrato de A. mucosa (CL50: 411,55 mg kg-1 e CL90: 1.479 mg kg-1 ) assim como o Anosom® 1 EC (CL50: 312,08 mg kg-1 e CL90: 1.151 mg kg-1 ) apresentaram significativa atividade inseticida sobre H. armigera, com toxicidade aguda após sete dias de exposição a dieta artificial tratada. A partir do extrato etanólico de A. mucosa realizou-se fracionamento biomonitorado através de diferentes técnicas cromatográficas, permitindo o isolamento da acetogenina bisterahidrofurano roliniastatina-1. Este composto foi testado a uma concentração de 41,55 mg kg-1 , ocasionando mortalidade total das larvas de H. armigera após o quarto dia de incorporação à dieta. Na sequência, em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se a toxicidade comparada do extrato etanólico de A. mucosa, do Anosom® 1 EC (ambos na CL90 estimada) e do inseticida de origem sintética (Belt® 48 SC) sobre larvas neonatas do inseto em plantas de tomateiro. Neste ensaio, todos os tratamentos causaram significativa mortalidade larval (> 90%) do inseto. Por fim, avaliou-se o efeito do extrato etanólico de sementes de Annona mucosa L. e do inseticida comercial botânico Anosom® 1 EC na CL50 (411,55 e 312,08 mg kg-1 , respectivamente) sobre o comportamento alimentar e alguns parâmetros biológicos de H. armigera em dieta artificial. Constatou-se alteração no comportamento alimentar de lagartas de quarto ínstar de H. armigera expostas a dieta artificial contendo Anosom® 1 EC e extrato etanólico de A. mucosa, com significativa redução no consumo após 48 horas de exposição. Ambos os tratamentos prolongaram a fase larval (acréscimo de seis dias em dieta tratada com Anosom® 1 EC e sete dias em dieta tratada com extrato etanólico de A. mucosa). Também foi vericado reduções na viabilidade larval (25,00 % para o Anosom® 1 EC e 23,00 % para A. mucosa) e pupal (34,44 % para Anosom® 1 EC e 24,99 % para A. mucosa) assim como no peso médio de pupas (redução de aproximadamente 69,31 % para o Anosom® 1 EC e 70,80 % para A. mucosa). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são inéditos e indicam que o extrato etanólico de A. mucosa apresenta bom potencial no controle alternativo de H. armigera, podendo ser inserido como estratégia eficiente em programas de manejo integrado do inseto, principalmente em cultivos orgânicos ou protegidos. / Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly polyphagous species with high dispersion ability and adaptability to different crops of economic interest worldwide. Botanical insecticides emerge as a viable alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides for pest management because they have more of a potentially active ingredient in their composition, delaying the selection of resistant insect, moreover come from renewable resources. Among tropical plant families, the Annonaceae has shown great potential as a source of biopesticides. To determine an alternative tool for H. armigera control, this study evaluated the insecticidal activity of ethanolic seed extracts from five species of Annonaceae (Annona montana Macfad., A. mucosa Jacq., A. muricata L., A. reticulata L. e A. sylvatica A. St.-Hil.) and the acetogenin-based commercial bioinsecticide Anosom® 1 EC on larvae of H. armigera larvae. In addition, the major active compound of the ethanolic extract was isolated using various chromatographic techniques and assessed for its bioactivity on H. armigera neonates. In the initial screening assay we verified that the ethanolic seed extract from A. mucosa (LC50 = 411.55 mg kg-1 and LC90 = 1,479 mg kg-1 ) was the most promising one, showing similar effectiveness to Anosom® 1 EC (LC50 = 312.08 mg kg-1 and LC90 = 1,151 mg kg-1 ) against H. armigera at seven days after exposition to treated diet. The acetogenin bis-tetrahydrofuran rolliniastatin-1 was identified as the major compound in ethanolic extract from A. mucosa. This compound was assessed at 41.55 mg kg- 1 , causing 100 % of larval mortality on H. armigera neonates for days after exposition to treated diet. After, in a greenhouse trial using tomato plants, the bioactivity of ethanolic extract of A. mucosa was compared to botanical insecticide Anosom® 1 EC (both at LC90) and a synthetic insecticide (Belt® 48 SC) on neonate larvae of H. armigera. In this test, all treatments led to significant larval mortality (> 90 %). In the last step, the bioactivity of the extract from A. mucosa and Anosom® 1 EC at LC50 (411.55 and 312.08 mg kg-1 , respectively) were evaluated against H. armigera for feeding behavior and growth inhibitory effects, using dietary exposure bioassays. The feeding behavior effect was evaluated for 4- ínstar H. armigera larvae after exposure to Anosom® 1 EC and A. mucosa-treated diets, with significate consume reduction after a 48-hour exposition. Both treatments prolonged the larval phase duration (six days for Anosom® 1 EC -treated diet and seven days for A. mucosatreated diet). The larval (25.00% for Anosom® 1 EC and 23.00% for A. mucosa) and pupal (34.44% for Anosom® 1 EC and 24.99% for A. mucosa) viabilities decreased significantly, as well as the pupal weight (69.31% for Anosom® 1 EC and 70.80% for A. mucosa). The results obtained in this study are novel and demonstrate that the ethanolic extract from A. mucosa has great potential as alternative control method against H. armigera. This tool can be added as an effective strategy in integrated management programs of this pest, especially in organic or protected crops.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 varella_ac_me_jabo.pdf: 286252 bytes, checksum: 73921cba4ab7c058f7da78ddc42e5c3e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a dinâmica dos fatores de mortalidade de ovos e larvas (1o e 2o ínstares) de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), e avaliar o impacto de liberações de Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) na supressão da população dessa praga. Tabelas de vida ecológicas para ovos e larvas (1o e 2o ínstares) de S. frugiperda foram construídas em agroecossistema de milho, com e sem liberações inundativas do parasitoide, nas safras úmidas e secas de 2010 e 2011. A mortalidade total de ovos variou entre 73 e 81%. Os maiores valores de mortalidades marginal e insubstituível, nas áreas com e sem liberações, foram causadas por inviabilidade e deslocamento nas safras úmidas e por inviabilidade e predação nas safras secas. Parasitoides não causaram mortalidade significativa nas populações de ovos e larvas e as liberações de T. remus não aumentaram a mortalidade de ovos. Mais de 95% das larvas morreram devido à predação, deslocamento pela chuva ou ballooning e a mortalidade total causada por esses fatores foi amplamente insubstituível. Quando as mortalidades de ovos e larvas foram analisadas conjuntamente, a mortalidade de larvas substituiu quase que completamente a mortalidade de ovos. Os resultados indicaram que maiores reduções nas populações de S. frugiperda podem ser conseguidas aumentando-se a mortalidade dos ínstares iniciais do estágio larval / The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of mortality factors affecting initial immature developmental stages (eggs and 1st. and 2nd. instar larvae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and assess the impact of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) releases on pest population suppression. Life tables for egg and early larval stages of S. frugiperda were developed in maize fields with and without augmentative parasitoid releases, in the wet and dry seasons of 2010 and 2011. Total egg mortality did not vary considerably among years and ranged from 73 to 81%. The highest egg marginal mortality and irreplaceable mortality in both release and non-release fields was due to inviability and dislodgement in wet seasons and inviability and predation in dry seasons. Parasitoids did not cause significant mortality in egg or early larval stages and the releases of T. remus did not increase egg mortality. A large percentage of early larvae (> 95%) died from predation, dislodgment by rainfall or ballooning and total mortality due to these factors was largely irreplaceable. When considering egg and larval mortality together, early larval mortality would almost completely replace egg mortality if the egg mortality factors were removed. Results indicate that a greater effect in reducing generational survival may be achieved by adding mortality to the early larval stage of S. frugiperda

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:52:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_rt_me_jabo.pdf: 1683490 bytes, checksum: 307073aab9bcdd48ce4ad5af2047b0f1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa objetivou: a) Verificar e registrar a entomofauna associada à parte aérea em pomar comercial de goiaba submetido ao tratamento convencional de pragas e em pomar comercial conduzido de forma orgânica; b) Analisar as flutuações populacionais de pragas e inimigos naturais e as correlações com fatores meteorológicos em ambos os pomares; c) Avaliar a qualidade de frutos relacionados ao ataque de pragas em ambas as formas de condução do pomar; d) Analisar os índices faunísticos dos principais agentes de controle biológico das duas áreas pesquisadas. O monitoramento das pragas e inimigos naturais ocorreu no período de março de 2010 a março de 2011. Foram instaladas 5 armadilhas adesivas amarelas (25 cm x 10 cm), no interior de plantas, mantidas no campo por 15 dias e imediatamente substituídas por novas, sem interrupção. Para obtenção das correlações estatísticas entre a densidade populacional dos insetos e os fatores meteorológicos foi utilizada a análise de correlação linear simples. A análise de danos em folhas atacadas por Triozoida limbata e Costalimaita ferruginea foi aferida através da amostragem de 2 folhas por quadrante da planta, retiradas dos dois últimos pares terminais, em 15 plantas aleatoriamente. A avaliação qualitativa de frutos foi realizada através da coleta de 10 frutos por planta em 10 plantas para cada forma de condução de tratamento fitossanitário, sendo avaliados externamente através da mensuração do diâmetro médio e contagem do número de perfurações feitas por percevejos, e internamente através do número de larvas de moscas-das-frutas e de Conotrachelus psidii. O resultado dos índices faunísticos foi obtido pelo software Anafau, através do número de inimigos naturais capturados durante as amostragens. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que... / This research aimed to: a) Verify and record the associated entomofauna to shoot in a commercial orchard of guava submitted to conventional treatment of pests and conducted in a commercial orchard organically b) Analyze the population fluctuations of pests and natural enemies and the correlations with meteorological factors in both orchards c) Evaluate the quality of fruit related to the attack of pests in both forms of conduct the orchard; d) Analyze the faunal contents of the main biological control agents of the two areas studied. Monitoring of pests and natural enemies occurred from March 2010 to March 2011. Were installed five yellow sticky traps (25 cm x 10 cm), inside plants, kept in the field for 15 days and immediately replaced by new ones, without interruption. To obtain the statistical correlations between population density of insects and meteorological factors was used to the simple linear correlation analysis. The analysis of leaf damage caused by Triozoida limbata and Costalimaita ferruginea was measured by sampling two leaves by quadrant of the plant, taken from the last two pairs of terminals on 15 plants randomly. The qualitative evaluation of fruits was made by collecting 10 fruits per plant in 10 plants for each form of conducting treatment plant, being externally evaluated by measuring the mean diameter and counting the number of holes made by bedbugs, and internally through the larvae of fruit flies and Conotrachelus psidii. The result of faunal index was obtained by the software Anafau by the number of natural enemies captured during sampling. Based on the results we can conclude that: a) The peak population of T. limbata occurred in April, June, August, September, October, November and December, with the main pest of conventional guava orchard; b) The density of psyllids guava remained low... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marchiorato_ia_dr_jabo.pdf: 517282 bytes, checksum: f2d40c2e6db9d7a211f668d69642bc62 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O conhecimento da distribuição espacial dos nematóides nas lavouras é imprescindível para adoção de práticas de manejo. Nas grandes fazendas do Mato Grosso, pelo fato de não se ter uma informação precisa sobre as áreas infestadas dentro dos talhões, os produtores preferem não adotar nenhuma medida de manejo, já que, em função do custo e do ponto de vista operacional, seria inviável fazê-lo em toda a área. Com os mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade dos talhões ou partes deles, cujo potencial de produtividade está abaixo da expectativa, em função do nível da tecnologia de produção adotado, o produtor pode, na safra atual, certificar-se se os nematóides, problemas de fertilidade, combinações desses ou outras causas estão sendo os fatores limitantes à realização do potencial de produtividade do talhão. O presente estudo foi conduzido numa parceria entre o Laboratório de Nematologia da UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP e a Empresa Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola com sede em Rondonópolis-MT, com objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtido com imagens de satélite como instrumento auxiliar às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja. O mapa de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade da Fazenda Aimi, no Município de Rondonópolis, foi utilizado no estudo. As médias do potencial de produtividade nas áreas correspondentes às diferentes classes de potencial foram negativamente correlacionadas com as populações de Pratylenchus. brachyurus obtidas nas amostras de solo e raízes coletadas nessas áreas, confirmando que os mapas em questão são instrumentos auxiliares valiosos para a tomada de decisão sobre o manejo de nematóides. / The knowledge of the spatial distribution of nematodes in crops is essential to adoption of management practices. In big farms of Mato Grosso, because of not have accurate information on infested areas within the plots, producers prefer not adopt any measure of management because, depending on the cost and operational point of view, it would be impracticable make it across the area. With maps of variability of the potential of productivity of the plots or parts of them, whose potential productivity is below the expectations, depending on the level of technology used in production, the producer may, in the current crop, make sure that the nematodes, problems of fertility, or combinations of both or other causes are the limiting factors to the achievement of the potential productivity of the plot. This study was carried out in a partnership between the Laboratorio de Nematologia of UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, and Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola Company based in Rondonópolis-MT, to evaluate the effectiveness of maps of the potential variability in productivity achieved with satellite imagery as a tool to assist decisions on the management of nematodes on soybean. The map of variability of the potential of productivity from of Fazenda Aimi in the county of Rondonópolis was used in the study. The averages of the potential for productivity in the areas corresponding to different classes of potential were negatively correlated with the population of P. brachyurus obtained in samples of soil and roots collected in those areas, confirming that the maps in question are valuable auxiliary instruments for decision on the management of nematodes.