Úlceras abomasais acarretam diminuição do bem-estar e da produção de leite e carne, porém informações quanto a sua etiopatogenia, diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento ainda são insuficientes, em especial quando acometem ruminantes adultos. Os protocolos utilizados para prevenção e tratamento desta enfermidade são extrapolados dos determinados para a lesão estomacal em monogástricos, havendo ainda incertezas sobre o efeito dos princípios ativos, doses e vias de administração mais adequados para ruminantes. Com o intuito de testar a capacidade da ranitidina e do omeprazol prevenirem o aparecimento de úlcera abomasal realizou-se administração dos antiácidos concomitantemente ao uso de fenilbutazona por sete dias (4,4 mg/kg, duas vezes ao dia, pela via intravenosa). Oito ovinos hígidos e canulados em abomaso foram distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4x4 e tratados com 2 mg de ranitidina/kg de peso vivo, pela via intravenosa, a cada doze horas; 0,4 mg/kg de omeprazol, pela via intravenosa, uma vez ao dia; 4 mg/kg de omeprazol em pasta, via oral, uma vez ao dia; ou nenhum medicamento antiácido (controle). Omeprazol administrado pela via intravenosa desencadeou flebite e maior número de animais apresentou lesões na mucosa abomasal. Omeprazol em pasta não foi eficaz na prevenção de úlcera do tipo 1a. Embora sem diferença entre os grupos, a ranitidina revelou o menor número de animais com lesões confirmadas pelo exame histológico; no entanto, este antagonista H2 ocasionou aumento da frequência cardíaca. O pH e a acidez do conteúdo abomasal, as concentrações séricas do pepsinogênio e da lisozima, bem como a pesquisa de sangue oculto fecal não se mostraram válidos para o diagnóstico da úlcera de abomaso do tipo 1a em ovinos adultos. / Abomasal ulcers reduce welfare and production of milk and meat, but information about their etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment is still insufficient, especially for adult ruminants. Protocols used for prevention and treatment of this disease are extrapolated from those determined for gastric lesions in monogastric animals. However, there are still uncertainties about the preventive effect of these drugs, the used doses and best route of administration to ruminants. The preventive action of ranitidine and omeprazole on the development of abomasal ulcers was tested. The antacid drugs were administered concomitantly to phenylbutazone over seven days (4.4 mg/kg twice a day, intravenously). Eight healthy sheep, cannulated in abomasum, were distributed in two 4x4 Latin squares and treated with 2 mg/kg of ranitidine every 12 hours; 0.4 mg/kg of omeprazole, administered intravenously once a day; 4 mg/kg of omeprazole paste, administered orally once a day; or no antacid drug (control). Intravenously administered omeprazole caused phlebitis and a higher number of animals had lesions in the abomasal mucosa. Omeprazole paste was not effective in the prevention of type 1a ulcer. Although there was no difference between groups, ranitidine showed the lowest number of animals with lesions diagnosed by histological examination; however, this H2 antagonist caused an increase in heart rate. Measurements of pH and acidity of abomasal contents, serum pepsinogen and lysozyme concentrations, as well as fecal occult blood screening were concluded not to be valid biomarkers for type 1a abomasal ulcers in adult sheep.

O tratamento de efluentes através de processos de lodos ativados destaca-se dentre os diversos métodos de tratamento de águas residuárias devido a uma série de fatores, tais como a área reduzida e alta eficiência na remoção de poluentes. O tratamento por lodos ativados é composto por um tanque de aeração e um decantador secundário. No tanque são fornecidas condições adequadas, como a injeção de oxigênio por difusores de ar, que aumentam a velocidade da degradação da matéria orgânica, tornando assim o processo mais eficiente. Apesar da eficácia do método, o uso deste tipo de tanque demanda grande consumo de energia, tornando necessária a criação de medidas de supervisão e controle das principais variáveis de processo de modo que torne o tratamento eficiente. O presente trabalho visou contribuir com experimentação de controle de pH e oxigênio dissolvido em um tanque de aeração. O sistema de controle foi implementado com controle preditivo (QDMC) aplicado sobre um processo de aeração e correção de pH no tanque aerado, a fim de garantir um nível adequado de oxigênio dissolvido e pH necessários à remoção de poluentes de forma automática. A principal conclusão alcançada é que o controle QDMC no processo em questão se revelou estável e robusto. / The wastewater treatment using activated sludge processes stands out among the various methods of wastewater treatment due to a number of factors, such as reduced area and high efficiency in removing pollutants. The activated sludge treatment comprises one aeration tank and a secondary sedimentation tank. Suitable conditions are provided in the tank, such as the injection of oxygen for air diffusers which increase the rate of degradation of organic material, making the process more efficient. Despite the efficacy of the method, using this type of tank demand large power consumption, making it necessary to provide measures for supervision and control of the key process variables so that the processing becomes efficient. This study aims to contribute to experimentation control pH and dissolved oxygen in an aeration tank. The control system was implemented with predictive control (QDMC) applied to a process of aeration and pH correction tank aerated, to ensure an adequate level of dissolved oxygen and pH required to remove pollutants automatically. The main conclusion reached is that the control QDMC the proceedings proved stable and robust.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study evaluated as overall purpose the influence of doxycycline used as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibitor on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a total etching adhesive system to dentin, considering two formulations (different pHs) and two substrates (source and demineralized) of primary and permanent teeth. The study is divided into two articles, the aim of the first article was to evaluate the application s effect of acidic or neutral doxycycline on the μTBS to dentin. Twenty extracted noncarious third molars were divided into 4 groups (doxycycline acidic pH, doxycycline neutral pH, chlorhexidine and control - no treatment). A flat dentin surface was exposed, wet grinding and submitted to: acid etch, application of the substance corresponding treatment group, application of adhesive system and resin composite. The specimens were stored (24 h in distilled water) and sectioned to obtain sticks (cross-sectional area of approximately 0.9 mm2). The sticks were submitted to tensile test. The mean μTBS were submitted to a one-way ANOVA and Tukey s test (α = 0.05). No significant difference of immediate μTBS (MPa) was observed between the neutral and acidic doxycycline, furthermore the solutions of different pH values were statistically similar to control and chlorhexidine groups. For the second study 30 permanent molars and 30 second primary molars were divided into 12 experimental groups (n = 5) according to the surface treatment after etching: doxycycline, chlorhexidine and control, and the condition substrate: sound and demineralized (pH cycling). The specimens preparation, restorative procedures and tensile test were performed in the same way as in the previous study. The μTBS were subjected to a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05), considering separately primary and permanent teeth. For both teeth types the application of doxycycline did not affect the immediate μTBS, while the demineralized substrate values were statistically lower than the sound group. The doxycycline solution, even at acidic pH, does not seem to affect the immediate bond strength to dentin, while demineralized substrate needs attention by presenting μTBS immediately reduced compared to sound. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral, avaliar a influência de uma substância inibidora de metaloproteinases (MMPs), a doxiciclina, na resistência de união (RU) à dentina de um sistema adesivo com condicionamento prévio, considerando duas formulações (diferentes pHs) e dois substratos (hígido e desmineralizado) de dentes decíduos e permanentes. O trabalho está dividido em dois artigos, sendo o primeiro realizado com o intuito de avaliar o efeito da aplicação da doxiciclina ácida ou neutra na RU à dentina. Para isso, foram selecionados 20 terceiros molares hígidos, os quais foram divididos em 4 grupos experimentais (doxiciclina pH ácido, doxiciclina pH neutro, clorexidina e controle nenhum tratamento). Os dentes foram seccionados próximo ao terço médio da coroa para obtenção de uma superfície dentinária plana, a qual foi submetida a: condicionamento ácido, tratamento de acordo com o grupo, ou seja, aplicação da substância correspondente na superfície condicionada, aplicação do sistema adesivo e restauração com resina composta. Após armazenamento (24h em água destilada a 37°C) os espécimes foram seccionados para obtenção de palitos (área de secção transversal de aproximadamente 0,9mm2), os quais foram submetidos a ensaio de tração. Os valores médios de RU foram submetidos à análise de variância com um fator e ao teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Os valores de RU (em MPa) obtidos para os grupos tratados com as soluções de doxiciclina em diferentes pHs apresentaram valores de RU estatisticamente semelhantes entre si e aos grupos controle e clorexidina. Para o segundo estudo, foram selecionados 30 terceiros molares permanentes e 30 segundos molares decíduos hígidos, os quais foram divididos em 12 grupos experimentais (n=5) de acordo com o tratamento da superfície após condicionamento ácido: doxiciclina, clorexidina e controle, e a condição do substrato: hígido e desmineralizado (ciclagem de pH). O preparo dos espécimes, procedimentos restauradores e ensaio de tração foram realizados da mesma forma que no estudo anterior. Os valores de RU obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância de dois fatores e ao teste de Tukey (α=0,05), considerando separadamente dentes decíduos e permanentes. Para os dois tipos de dentes, a aplicação de solução de doxiciclina não afetou a resistência de união imediata, enquanto o substrato desmineralizado apresentou valores estatisticamente inferiores ao grupo hígido. A solução de doxiciclina, mesmo em pH ácido, parece não afetar a resistência de união imediata à dentina, sendo que o substrato desmineralizado merece atenção por apresentar valores de RU imediata reduzidos comparado ao hígido.

Dans un contexte où la demande mondiale en viande de poulet ne cesse d’augmenter, les qualités technologique et sensorielle de cette viande sont devenues un enjeu majeur pour l’industrie. L’analyse de deux lignées de poulet divergentes pour le pH ultime (pHu) du filet confirme que la génétique est un déterminant majeur de ce caractère. Leur comparaison montre qu’augmenter le pHu du filet par sélection impacte le pHu d’autres muscles et améliore de nombreux critères dont le pouvoir de rétention d’eau, le rendement technologique et la tendreté de la viande. Si l’histologie et la composition biochimique du muscle ne sont pas affectées par la sélection, nos résultats suggèrent un lien défavorable entre un trop faible niveau des réserves énergétiques musculaires et l’incidence de défauts structuraux telle que les striations blanches. Par contre, aucun antagonisme génétique entre le pH ultime et les caractères de production (poids vif, rendement en viande et indice de consommation) n’a été observé. / In a context where the global demand for chicken meat is increasing, technological and sensory qualities of this meat have become a major issue for the poultry industry. The analysis of two chicken lines divergent for ultimate pH (pHu) of breast fillets confirms that genetics is a major determinant of this trait. Between-lines comparison shows that increasing the pHu by selection changes the pHu of other muscles and improves many other quality criteria such as water-holding capacity, curing-cooking yield and meat tenderness. Although histology and biochemical composition of the muscle are not affected by the selection, our results suggest an unfavorable relationship between low muscle energy reserve and the incidence of structural defects such as white striping. On the contrary, no negative association between ultimate pH and production traits (body weight, meat yield and feed conversion ratio) was observed.

Les anhydrases carboniques (AC) sont des enzymes qui catalysent les réactions d'hydratation du CO2 et d'hydrolyse de l’OCS. L’AC présente dans les plantes et les microorganismes du sol influence le bilan atmosphérique d'OCS ainsi que celui du CO18O car les isotopes de l’oxygène sont échangés avec ceux des pools d'eau pendant l'hydratation duCO2. L’utilisation de l’OCS et du CO18O comme traceurs du cycle du C global ouvre une nouvelle voie pour estimer les contributions de la photosynthèse et de la respiration à grande échelle. Ceci requiert néanmoins une meilleure compréhension des facteurs contrôlant l'activité de l’AC des sols. Nous avons étudié le rôle du pH du sol et des communautés microbiennes sur l'activité de l’AC. Nous avons testé l’hypothèse que l'activité de l’AC serait (H1) inhibée dans les sols acides, et que (H2) les échanges isotopiques CO2-H2O seraient réduits dans les sols alcalins. Nous avons également présumé que l'activité de l’AC serait (H3) positivement corrélée à l'abondance des microorganismes phototrophes, et que (H4) la structure des communautés affecterait différemment les flux de CO18O et d’OCS. Nos résultats valident H1 et H2. Ils montrent aussi que les flux de CO2 dans le sol et l'activité d’AC associée sont positivement corrélés à l'abondance des microorganismes phototrophes (H3), tandis que le dépôt d'OCS dans les sols dépend de l'abondance des champignons (H4). Ces résultats sont en cours d’intégration dans un modèle de l'activité de l’AC des sols mondiaux, ce qui permettra une estimation robuste des flux globaux de photosynthèse et de respiration à partir de bilans atmosphériques de COS et CO18O. / Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are a group of enzymes that catalyse CO2 hydration and OCS hydrolysis. The presence of CA in plants and soil microorganisms is responsible for the largest atmosphere-biosphere exchange of OCS but also CO18O, because oxygen isotopes are exchanged with soil and plant water pools during CO2 hydration. Consequently, CO18O and OCS atmospheric mixing ratios have been proposed as complementary tracers of the global C cycle that could open avenues to estimate the contribution of photosynthesis and respiration at global scales. However, a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of CA activity is required. We investigated the role of soil pH and microbial community on soil CA activity. We hypothesised that CA activity should be(H1) inhibited in acidic soils but that (H2) the associated CO2-H2O exchange would also be reduced in alkaline soils. We further assumed that (H3) soil CA activity would be enhanced by an increase in soil phototrophs abundance, but that (H4) soil community structure would affect differently CO18O and OCS fluxes. Our results confirmed H1 and H2. We also confirmed that soil CO2 fluxes and the associated CA activity were positively correlated with phototrophic communities abundance (H3), while soil OCS uptake and the associated CA activity seemed driven by fungal abundance (H4). These findings are now being incorporated into a model of soil CA activity worldwide that will allow robust estimates of photosynthesis and respiration at large scales from the atmospheric budgets of OCS and CO18O.

Ce travail de thèse a porté sur l'élimination d'un pesticide, l'imazalil, en phase aqueuse par trois procédés de dégradation (UV/TiO2, UV/TiO2/K2S2O8 et UV/K2S2O8) en mettant en oeuvre les outils analytiques nécessaires pour identifier les photoproduits de dégradation, suivre leur cinétique de formation et la minéralisation. L'ajout de K2S2O8 est bénéfique pour la dégradation et la minéralisation car il produit des radicaux sulfates qui sont des espèces oxydantes puissantes. Par ailleurs, le rôle des espèces radicalaires a été mis en évidence dans les trois systèmes de dégradation par des inhibiteurs de radicaux tels que les alcools (inhibiteurs des radicaux OH•). Dans une première partie, la dégradation de l'imazalil a été réalisée dans le système UV/TiO2 et les principaux photoproduits ont été identifiés par LC/MS/MS, leurs cinétiques ont été tracées. La minéralisation a été suivie et un mécanisme de dégradation a été proposé. La dégradation se déroule selon deux voies, par l'attaque des radicaux OH• ou par les trous. Dans une deuxième partie, la méthodologie de plans d'expériences a été établie dans le système UV/TiO2/K2S2O8 afin i) d'identifier les paramètres les plus influents et leurs interactions et ii) de déterminer les conditions expérimentales les plus favorables à la dégradation. Enfin, la dégradation de l'imazalil a été comparée dans les trois systèmes de dégradation en utilisant différentes concentrations de persulfate et différents pH. Il est apparu que la dégradation dans UV/TiO2, est plus efficace en milieu basique alors le pH acide est plus favorable à la dégradation de l'imazalil dans le système UV/TiO2/K2S2O8. Par contre, le pH ne joue pas un rôle important dans le système UV/K2S2O8 / The aim of this thesis was the degradation of the pesticide imazalil in water in three different systems of degradation (UV/TiO2, UV/TiO2/K2S2O8 and UV/K2S2O8). Analytical techniques were used to identify photoproducts, to follow their kinetics and mineralization. The addition of K2S2O8 is beneficial for the degradation and mineralization because it produces sulfate radicals that are powerful oxidizing species. In addition, the role of radical species has been highlighted in the three systems of degradation by using scavengers of these radicals such as alcohols (hydroxyl radical scavenger). In the first part, the degradation of imazalil was performed in the system UV/TiO2 and the main photoproducts were identified by LC/MS/MS also their kinetics were plotted. Furthermore, mineralization was followed and degradation mechanism was proposed. The degradation of imazalil could happen in two ways, by the attack of OH• radicals or by holes. In the second part, the methodology of experimental design was established in the system UV/TiO2/K2S2O8 to identify the most influential parameters also their interactions and to determine the experimental conditions that are most favorable to the degradation. Finally, the degradation of imazalil was compared in the three degradation systems using different concentrations of persulfate and different pH. It appears that the degradation in UV/TiO2 is more efficient in alkaline medium while the acidic pH is more favorable to the degradation of imazalil in the system UV/TiO2/K2S2O8. On the other hand, the pH does not play an important role in the system UV/K2S2O8

Ce travail de recherche porte sur la réalisation de dispositifs électroniques spécifiques et originaux (Transistors à effet de champ à microcanaux) dédiés à la détection des espèces chimiques et biochimiques en milieu liquide. Ce dispositif s'appuie sur la technologie des transistors à grille suspendue (SGFET) déjà réalisés à l'IETR, en y apportant une amélioration majeure qui consiste en l'intégration au sein de la structure d'un canal microfluidique. Cette structure, nommée transistor à canal microfluidique intégré, doit permettre de conserver la forte sensibilité de détection du SGFET mais aussi de garantir le passage du liquide testé sous la grille. Cette architecture permet aussi d'augmenter sa robustesse et sa fiabilité tout en ne nécessitant que de très petits volumes de solutions. Des microcanaux avec un bon maintien mécanique ont été réalisés par micro-usinage de surface en utilisant différents matériaux comme couche sacrificielle. Ces canaux ont été intégré dans un FET et leurs accès microfluidiques ont été assurés en réalisant des ouvertures (inlet/outlet) par la face avant. Les tests électriques ont montré un bon fonctionnement de ces capteurs avec une grande sensibilité de mesure du pH mais le passage du liquide est alors majoritairement dû aux phénomènes de capillarité. Une amélioration sur l'architecture de la structure a été faite, en réalisant des ouvertures par la face arrière. Un bon fonctionnement avec une grande sensibilité de mesure de pH ont été présentés. Finalement, une structure hybride contenant une ouverture sur la face avant et une autre sur la face arrière, a été élaborée et les tests d'injection de la solution ont été un succès. / This work presents the achievement of specific and original electronic devices (Field effect transistor with microfluidic channel), dedicated to the detection of chemical and biochemical species in liquid. This device relies on the technologies of suspended gate transistor, developed in IETR, with a major improvement in the structure by adjunction of a microfluidic channel integrated in the structure. This structure named transistor with integrated microfluidic channel must enable to guarantee the flow of liquid under the gate, while keeping the high sensitivity of the SGFET. This architecture also allows increasing its robustness and reliability while requiring only a very small amount of chemicals solutions. Microchannels with good mechanical properties were fabricated by surface micromachining using different materials as a sacrificial layer. These channels have been integrated into a FET and microfluidic accesses (inlet / outlet) were provided by making openings via the front face. Electrical tests showed good functioning of these sensors with high sensitivity of pH measurement. However in this case, liquid flow is mainly achieved by capillarity. An improvement on the architecture of the structure was made with opening on the rear face. A good behaviour with high sensitivity of pH measurement was presented. Finally, a hybrid structure containing one opening access in the front face and one on the rear face was elaborated and the injection of the solution was successful.

Bacillus cereus est une bactérie à coloration de Gram positive capable de s'adapter à un grand nombre de stress tels que les bas pH ou les bas potentiels d'oxydo-réduction (Eh). Si certains des mécanismes d'adaptation de B. cereus à chacun de ces stress sont connus, les intéractions entre ces deux facteurs sur la physiologie bactérienne n'ont jamais été étudiés. Nous nous sommes donc intéressés à l'effet des variations de Eh sur la résistance au stress acide de B. cereus, aux adaptations métaboliques de B. cereus à pH acide et à l'intéraction de cette bactérie avec son environnement redox. Les résultats obtenus ont démontré, dans un premier temps, que la survie de B. cereus au choc acide était légèrement augmentée sous atmosphères à Eh réducteurs par rapport aux atmosphères à Eh oxydants. Nous avons également observé une réorientation majeure du métabolisme de B. cereus exposé à pH acide depuis la fermentation des acides mixtes vers la fermentation butanediolique. Cette réorientation joue vraisemblablement un rôle important dans la résistance au stress acide de B. cereus. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié les intéractions de B. cereus avec son environnement redox et nous avons montré l'importance des groupements thiols exofaciaux dans l'activité réductrice de cette bactérie. L'ensemble de ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre la physiologie de B. cereus confronté à un stress acide et aux variations de Eh et ouvre la voie à de nombreuses pistes de recherches novatrices. / Bacillus cereus is a Gram positive bacterium able to adapt and survive to numerous stress, including acid stress or oxydo-reduction potential (Eh) variations. Some adaptations are documeted for each of these two stress. However, the interaction between Eh and pH on B. cereus physiology was never studied. Here, we focus on the impact of Eh variation on the acid resistance of B. cereus, on the metabolic adaptation of these bacteria under low pH and on the interaction of bacterial cells with their redox environement. Results obtained demonstrate that the acid survival of B. cereus was slighlty higher under reductive Eh than under oxdative Eh. Concerning acid adaptations, we observed a major metabolic adjustement for cells cultivated at low pH with an important shift from mixed acid fermentation to butanediolic fermentation. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of exofacials thiols groups in the reductive abilities of B. cereus. All these conclusions will help to better understand the response of B. cereus exposed to acid stress and Eh.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jair Jose golghetto.pdf: 1005677 bytes, checksum: 3a5dcf7568d4ef3768bfecdd027731d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Cadmium is a heavy metal and the most abundant non-essential elements found in the environment, being widely used in the industry. There is evidence that cadmium can cause cardiovascular injury. Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of water pH in the genesis of cardiovascular injury caused by cadmium poisoning. Methods: For this study, 90 male Wistar rats were used. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n=15): A - cadmium chloride (CdCl2 400 mg / L) in drinking water at a neutral pH of 7.0; B - CdCl2 (400 mg / L) in drinking water at an acidic pH of 5.0; C - CdCl2 (400 mg / L) in drinking water at a basic pH of 8.0; D - water at an acidic pH of 5.0; E - water at a basic pH of 8.0; F - water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0). Animals in all groups were sacrificed after 6 months. We collected the heart and aorta of each rat for microscopic analysis. Results: No microscopic changes were observed in the heart. In aortic, there were fatty streaks in most animals of group A (50%) and B (46%) and in a minority of animals of group C (15.3%), D (0%), and (7%) and C (13.3%) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Cadmium caused the development of fatty streaks in the aorta of animals exposed and exposure of this metal in basic pH decreased the formation of this lesion. / O cádmio é um metal pesado e dos mais abundantes elementos não essenciais encontrados no ambiente, sendo muito utilizado na indústria. Existem evidências que apontam no sentido do cádmio poder provocar efeitos deletérios cardiovasculares. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do pH da água de beber na gênese de lesões cardiovasculares provocadas pela intoxicação por cádmio. Material e métodos: Para este estudo, foram utilizados 90 ratos Wistar, machos. Os animais foram distribuídos em 6 grupos (n=15): A solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água de beber com pH neutro (pH 7,0); B solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água de beber com pH ácido (pH 5,0); C solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água com pH básico (pH 8,0). D água de beber com pH ácido (pH 5,0); E água de beber com pH básico (pH 8,0); F água com pH neutro (pH 7,0). Animais de todos os grupos foram sacrificados após 6 meses. Foi coletado o coração e a aorta de cada rato para análise microscópica. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações microscópicas no coração. Na aorta, se observou estrias de gordura na maioria dos animais dos grupos A (50%) e B (46%) e na minoria dos animais dos grupos C (15,3%), D (0%), E (7,7%) e F (13,3%) (p<0,05). Conclusão: O cádmio provocou o aparecimento de estrias de gordura na aorta dos animais expostos e a exposição deste metal em pH básico diminuiu a formação desta alteração.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jair Jose golghetto.pdf: 1005677 bytes, checksum: 3a5dcf7568d4ef3768bfecdd027731d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Cadmium is a heavy metal and the most abundant non-essential elements found in the environment, being widely used in the industry. There is evidence that cadmium can cause cardiovascular injury. Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of water pH in the genesis of cardiovascular injury caused by cadmium poisoning. Methods: For this study, 90 male Wistar rats were used. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n=15): A - cadmium chloride (CdCl2 400 mg / L) in drinking water at a neutral pH of 7.0; B - CdCl2 (400 mg / L) in drinking water at an acidic pH of 5.0; C - CdCl2 (400 mg / L) in drinking water at a basic pH of 8.0; D - water at an acidic pH of 5.0; E - water at a basic pH of 8.0; F - water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0). Animals in all groups were sacrificed after 6 months. We collected the heart and aorta of each rat for microscopic analysis. Results: No microscopic changes were observed in the heart. In aortic, there were fatty streaks in most animals of group A (50%) and B (46%) and in a minority of animals of group C (15.3%), D (0%), and (7%) and C (13.3%) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Cadmium caused the development of fatty streaks in the aorta of animals exposed and exposure of this metal in basic pH decreased the formation of this lesion. / O cádmio é um metal pesado e dos mais abundantes elementos não essenciais encontrados no ambiente, sendo muito utilizado na indústria. Existem evidências que apontam no sentido do cádmio poder provocar efeitos deletérios cardiovasculares. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do pH da água de beber na gênese de lesões cardiovasculares provocadas pela intoxicação por cádmio. Material e métodos: Para este estudo, foram utilizados 90 ratos Wistar, machos. Os animais foram distribuídos em 6 grupos (n=15): A solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água de beber com pH neutro (pH 7,0); B solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água de beber com pH ácido (pH 5,0); C solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água com pH básico (pH 8,0). D água de beber com pH ácido (pH 5,0); E água de beber com pH básico (pH 8,0); F água com pH neutro (pH 7,0). Animais de todos os grupos foram sacrificados após 6 meses. Foi coletado o coração e a aorta de cada rato para análise microscópica. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações microscópicas no coração. Na aorta, se observou estrias de gordura na maioria dos animais dos grupos A (50%) e B (46%) e na minoria dos animais dos grupos C (15,3%), D (0%), E (7,7%) e F (13,3%) (p<0,05). Conclusão: O cádmio provocou o aparecimento de estrias de gordura na aorta dos animais expostos e a exposição deste metal em pH básico diminuiu a formação desta alteração.