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Research has shown that fine-grained consonantal phonetic information can be gradiently integrated during spoken word recognition in the L1. However, the way listeners categorize vocalic phonetic information has not been investigated as thoroughly. Furthermore, second language (L2) listeners’ processing of fine-grained information is not as well known as L1 processing. L1 Canadian French (CF) listeners and L2 listeners (native English) were tested in an eye tracking paradigm with words containing partially nasalized (CVN) and fully nasal (CṼ) vowels. Stimuli were designed to have variable nasalization duration on the vowel, and sometimes include a short nasal consonant word-finally. The main goals were to determine how nasalization duration influences word recognition in an L1 and an L2, and if variations in phonetic details are gradiently or categorically integrated. Results show that L1 listeners gradiently were able to identify the stimuli when they contained mismatching phonetic cues, while L2 listeners display more categorical patterns of recognition. When stimuli do not have conflicting phonetic cues, L1 listeners mostly identify words as CṼ, except when the vowel is not nasalized. For L2 listeners, the pattern was similar, but the rate of stimuli identification as phonological nasal (CṼ) was lower due to L1 transfer. These results support the hypothesis that L1 listeners have phonological representations that include fine-grained phonetic information and that they consider it when recognizing words. On the other hand, L2 listeners who have less experience in the L2 display more categorical recognition patterns, probably because their representations include coarser phonetic information or because they cannot access fine-grained representations, given the cognitive demands of L2 processing. When words do not contain conflicting phonetic cues, patterns of recognition of both L1 and L2 listeners seem more categorical, even though L2 listeners displayed lower rates of identification than L1 listeners overall. This uncertainty can also be due to less detailed phonological representations or to their inability to access all the necessary information to recognize words. Overall, these results suggest that fine-grained phonetic information gradiently impacts word recognition, that it is part of phono-lexical representations, and that L2 processing is qualitatively and quantitatively different from L1 processing.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-28T13:39:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) roberta_silva_santos.pdf: 2546081 bytes, checksum: 6714b8b3e84a0d5ab86af88cac890fb7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-29T13:16:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) roberta_silva_santos.pdf: 2546081 bytes, checksum: 6714b8b3e84a0d5ab86af88cac890fb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T13:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) roberta_silva_santos.pdf: 2546081 bytes, checksum: 6714b8b3e84a0d5ab86af88cac890fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O presente estudo consiste em identificar em que condi??es s?o trabalhados os aspectos fon?ticos-fonol?gicos da l?ngua inglesa durante o processo de forma??o docente do curso de Letras Portugu?s Ingl?s da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Dentre esses aspectos, lan?a-se um olhar para os preceitos discutidos no N?cleo de L?ngua Franca, bem como ? orienta??o para o uso dos s?mbolos fon?ticos e da articula??o dos sons. Almeida Filho (2004) afirma que, para o docente de l?ngua estrangeira, h? cinco compet?ncias necess?rias, a serem adquiridas durante a forma??o; dentre elas, o autor destaca as compet?ncias lingu?sticocomunicativa e a impl?cita. Esta pesquisa entende que, al?m dessas, a compet?ncia te?rica tamb?m merece destaque, uma vez que ela ? respons?vel por unir e articular a teoria com a pr?tica. Nesse sentido, considerando a atual posi??o do ingl?s como l?ngua internacional e a necessidade de se obter uma pron?ncia intelig?vel, o estudo te?rico dos aspectos fon?ticos e fonol?gicos do ingl?s, segundo Mussalim (2001), s?o essenciais para reconhecer a estrutura da l?ngua e entender o funcionamento do sistema fonol?gico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da linguagem. Em fun??o dessa vertente comunicativista, rompe-se com o par?metro de buscar uma pron?ncia igual ? de um nativo e desenvolve-se a perspectiva da comunica??o intelig?vel. Assim, o referencial te?rico desta disserta??o apresenta autores como Kenworthy (1987), Jenkins (2000), Rajagopalan (2004), Seidlhofer (2005), bem como Leffa (2001), Almeida Filho (2004), Gimenez (2004), dentre outros, que valorizam as premissas da inteligibilidade e o reflexo de seus princ?pios na forma??o docente. Para responder ? pergunta desta pesquisa, a constru??o da abordagem metodol?gica envolveu o uso da observa??o, an?lise do projeto pol?tico pedag?gico do curso de Letras da universidade investigada e a aplica??o de question?rio misto. Ap?s levantamento dos dados, realizaram-se an?lises qualitativa e quantitativa. Com o resultado, foi poss?vel inferir que as abordagens em rela??o ao sistema fonol?gico do ingl?s encontram-se superficialmente presentes no curso de Letras Portugu?s Ingl?s da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Por isso, espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam colaborar para intensificar o direcionamento em rela??o ? inteligibilidade na pron?ncia do ingl?s, tendo, como alternativa, por exemplo, o N?cleo de L?ngua Franca, proposto por Jenkins (2000). / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The present study consists in identifying the existence of phonetic-phonological features in relation to the pronunciation of the English language in the education course of Letras Portugu?s/Ingl?s of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. One of these features is related to the principles discussed in the Language Franca Core, as well as some orientation about the use of phonetic symbols and the articulation of sounds. Almeida Filho (2004) states that for the foreign-language teachers need to develop five competences during the education process, among these competences; the author emphasizes the linguisticcommunicative and the implicit one. This research understands that besides these, the theoretical competence also deserves to be highlighted, since it is responsible for connecting and articulating theory with practice. In this context, considering the current position of English as an international language and the conception of the intelligible pronunciation, it is necessary to study the theory of phonetic and phonological aspects of English language. According Mussalim (2001) it is essential to recognize the structure of the language and understanding the functioning of the phonological system in the process of teaching language learning. Because of this communicative aspect, it is interesting to break the pragmatic of a pronunciation similar to a native and develop a perspective of intelligible communication. For this reason, the theoretical reference of this dissertation presents authors such as Kenworthy (1987), Jenkins (2000), Rajagopalan (2004), Seidlhofer (2005), as well as Leffa (2001), Almeida Filho (2004), Gimenez (2004), among others. These authors emphasize the principles of intelligibility and the reflection of its ideologies in teacher education. To answer the question of this research, the methodological approach involved the use of observation, analysis of the pedagogical political project of the English education course, and a questionnaire. After data collection, qualitative and quantitative analyzes were implemented. According to the result, it was possible to infer that the approaches regarding the phonological system of English are superficially present in the Letras Portugu?s/Ingl?s course of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study can contribute to intensify the direction of intelligibility in the pronunciation of English, taking as an alternative, Language Franca Core proposed by Jenkins (2000).

The dynamics of Southern Carpathian dialects - abstract The aim of this work is to describe the development of Southern Carpathian dialects in two state entities, in northeastern Slovakia and the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, in the last 70 years. Starting material are recordings of dialectal speech and their transcription obtained in own field research conducted since 2011 within the studied area, especially in villages located close to the Slovak-Ukrainian state border. The focus of this work is a description of the dynamics of the phonetic, morphological and lexical system of the dialects of two villages, Ublya, which was chosen due to the long tradition of dialect research, and Malyi Bereznyi, the nearest neighboring village on the territory of Ukraine. Here until World War II closely related Southern Carpathian dialects had been developing in the same sociolinguistic conditions. After World War II they were separated by the Czechoslovak- Soviet border and came under the influence of different standard languages - Slovak, on the one hand, and Ukrainian and Russian on the other hand. A comparison of older material with the results of our field research enables to observe a dialectal divergence caused by leveling processes oriented to different standard languages. Data obtained in Ublya and Malyi...

This thesis deals with the description of the human voice from the forensic phonetic perspective. At the beginning of the theoretical part, some important cases from the history of this field are mentioned, as well as the attitude of judges to the voice as evidence.The main tasks of forensic phonetics are then briefly presented. The remainder of the theoretical part is devoted to summarizing the existing knowledge from the field of audiovisual perception and comparison of voice description and face description, including several concrete examples of systematic approaches to obtaining these descriptions, both for professional purposes and for the needs of investigators in practise. The aim of the practical part is to compare the initial uninstructed, naive description of the voice of selected speakers, obtained from the respondents in a simulated police questioning, followed by an instructed systematic description according to the interrogation protocol, which uses the layman's formulation of the individual questions instead of the original phonetic terminology, and illustrative sound samples to make it easier for the respondents to understand the protocol and to give a more detailed account of the heard voice. The first part of the results analysis is devoted primarily to the naive testimony of the...

Speech contains certain attributes characteristic for a speaker, so-called idiosyncratic features. This thesis focuses on the form of these features in intentional voice disguise - whether speakers are able to change them in a substantial way, or if they tend to remain stable in spite of intentional speech modifications. It was also investigated whether any general tendencies to similar changes of such features under voice disguise exist among the speakers. The observed features were statistical f0 indicators, f0 contours, vowel formants, long- term formant distributions, spectral characteristics of sibilants, intensity, intensity contours, speech and articulation rate, %V and local articulation rate contours. In f0 median and standard deviation, vowel formants, LTFDs, intensity, articulation rate, and %V, prominent shifts under voice disguise were observed in general; in the majority of these parameters, the shifts differed among speakers. However it was found that the value of %V generally tends to rise under voice disguise. Also, intensity showed an increase in majority of cases. In f0 contours, similar patterns were observed among speakers in normal speech, however, in disguised speech, greater differences appeared among speakers; speakers tend to employ nonstandard dynamic f0 patterns more...

xiii, 123 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The current dissertation investigated clear speech production of Korean stops to examine the proposal that the phonetic targets of phonological categories are more closely approximated in hyperarticulated speech. The investigation also considered a sound change currently underway in Korean stops: younger speakers of the Seoul dialect produce the aspirated and lenis stops differently from older speakers of the same dialect. Hyperarticulated, clear speech provided evidence for difference in the phonetic targets of the stops between the two age groups. Compared with conversational and citation-form speech, younger speakers primarily enhanced the F0 difference between the aspirated and lenis stops in clear speech, with only a small VOT enhancement, whereas older speakers solely enhanced VOT difference between the two stops. These different clear speech enhancement strategies were interpreted to indicate that younger speakers have developed different phonetic targets for stop production than older speakers. The results from a perceptual experiment using re-synthesized stimuli indicated that the production differences between the younger and older speakers are linked to perceptual differences. The perceptual processing of the stops differed between the groups in a manner parallel to the production differences. When identifying aspirated and lenis stops, younger listeners evidenced greater cue weight for F0 than older listeners, whereas older listeners evidenced greater cue weight than younger listeners for VOT and H1-H2. In addition, the results from a perceptual experiment using noise-masked stimuli confirmed an intelligibility improvement effect of clear speech and also indicated that the three speaking styles were on a continuum from the most casual, conversational speech, to the most careful, clear speech, with citation-form speech in the middle. In the final chapter, the different findings of the current study were discussed in view of various theoretical models and hypotheses. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material. / Committee in charge: Susan Guion, Chairperson, Linguistics; Eric Pederson, Member, Linguistics; Melissa Redford, Member, Linguistics; Kaori Idemaru, Outside Member, East Asian Languages & Literature

La présente thèse propose une description et une étude multidimensionnelles (sociolinguistiques, phonologiques et phonétiques) de la variété d'anglais parlée dans le Greater Manchester. Nous offrons une discussion sur les enjeux méthodologiques et épistémologiques de l'étude du changement linguistique et de l'utilisation des corpus en linguistique. Notre travail est mené dans le cadre du programme PAC (Phonologie de l'Anglais Contemporain : usages, variétés et structure) et au sein du projet LVTI (Langue, Ville, Travail, Identité) sur la base du corpus PAC-LVTI Manchester, constitué de données authentiques et récentes récoltées sur le terrain. Notre analyse se concentre notamment sur le phénomène de nivellement dialectal, qui a été l'objet de nombreuses recherches récentes en sociolinguistique anglaise. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à l'hypothèse de l'expansion d'une variété supralocale dans le nord de l'Angleterre. Notre étude concerne essentiellement les voyelles du Greater Manchester, et repose sur une analyse phonético-acoustique de la production des locuteurs de notre corpus. Nous relevons les caractéristiques majeures de la variété mancunienne, telles qu'elles ont pu être décrites dans les quelques travaux publiés jusqu'ici, et étudions leur corrélation avec des facteurs sociolinguistiques classiques comme l'âge, le genre, ou le niveau socio-économique. Nous explorons également la pertinence des facteurs attitudinaux pour l'étude de nos données. Sur la base de nos résultats phonético-acoustiques, nous nous prononçons en faveur de la pertinence de l'opposition de longueur en anglais, repensée en termes de poids vocalique au niveau de la représentation des voyelles, et proposons une modélisation du système phonologique de la variété du Greater Manchester dans le cadre de la phonologie de dépendance. Nous discutons des évolutions du système à la lumière du phénomène de nivellement dialectal, et nous interrogeons sur la pertinence des facteurs internes et externes pour les expliquer. / This thesis offers a multidimensional (sociolinguistic, phonetic, and phonological) description and study of the variety of English spoken in Greater Manchester. We discuss the study of linguistic change and the use of corpora in linguistics from a methodological and epistemological point of view. Our work is conducted in the framework of the PAC programme (Phonology of Contemporary English: usage, varieties and structure) and within the LVTI project (Language, Urban Life, Work, Identity), and based on the PAC-LVTI Manchester corpus, which is composed of authentic and recent fieldwork data. Our analysis notably focuses on the phenomenon of regional dialect levelling, which has been largely documented in recent English sociolinguistic research. In particular, we are interested in the hypothesis of the expansion of a supralocal variety in the north of England. Our study deals mainly with the vowels of Greater Manchester English, and relies on a phonetic-acoustic analysis of our informants' realisations. We describe the major characteristics of the Mancunian variety based on the few studies published so far, and statistically evaluate their correlation with traditional sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender or socio-economic profile. We also explore the relevance of attitudinal factors for the study of our data. On the basis of our phonetic-acoustic results, we speak in favour of the relevance of the opposition of length in English, which we reconsider in terms of vocalic weight in the representation of vowels. We then offer a model of the phonological system of Greater Manchester inspired by Dependency Phonology. We discuss the evolutions of the system in the light of regional dialect levelling, and question the role played by internal and external factors in these linguistic changes.

Submitted by Livia Mayra Rodrigues Roque null (liviaroque@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T19:00:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Autoarquivamento.pdf: 1489452 bytes, checksum: 94f8954d7c302ac7d2f251577a4c8051 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-25T18:09:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 roque_lmr_me_mar.pdf: 1489452 bytes, checksum: 94f8954d7c302ac7d2f251577a4c8051 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 roque_lmr_me_mar.pdf: 1489452 bytes, checksum: 94f8954d7c302ac7d2f251577a4c8051 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo: comparar a acurácia perceptivo-auditiva entre grupos de crianças de diferentes faixas etárias; investigar a existência de uma possível correlação entre a acurácia e a idade das crianças; analisar quais o possível padrão de erro realizado pelas crianças. Métodos: Com base no software Perception Evaluation Auditive & Visuelle (PERCEVAL), avaliou-se o desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de 242 crianças, de 4 a 10 anos de idade (divididas em 4 grupos: GI, GII, GIII e GIV), em uma tarefa de identificação das vogais tônicas do Português Brasileiro. Foram-lhes apresentados estímulos acústico e visual, solicitando-se à criança a escolha de uma gravura correspondente a uma palavra apresentada auditivamente, dentre duas possibilidades de imagens dispostas na tela de um computador. O tempo de apresentação dos estímulos e de reação das crianças foi computado, automaticamente, pelo software. Resultados: o GI apresentou desempenho perceptivo-auditivo inferior quando comparado à acurácia dos grupos de crianças mais velhas (GII, GIII e GIV). Quanto ao tempo de reação, o GI necessitou de mais tempo na tomada de decisão comparativamente aos demais grupos, tanto para acertos quanto para erros. Quanto ao padrão de erro, as regiões mais prejudicadas do espaço vocálico envolviam as vogais médias (altura) e vogais anteriores (direção anteroposterior). Quanto ao sentido dos erros, encontrou-se prevalência deles no sentido menos periférico para o mais periférico. A análise da correlação entre idade e acurácia mostrou-se positiva por parte de todos os grupos. Conclusão: a habilidade perceptivo-auditiva (identificação de contrastes vocálicos) ocorre de forma gradativa e se estabiliza com o aumento da idade. / Objective: Compare the perceptual accuracy between groups of children of different age groups, specifically with regard to the identification of vowel contrasts; investigate the existence of a possible correlation between the accuracy and age of children; analyze the standard of mistakes made by children according to age. Methods: The hearing-perceptual performance of 242 children, between 4 and 10 years old (divided in 4 groups: GI, GII, GIII and GIV) was evaluated with the use of a software named Perception Evaluation Auditive & Visuelle (PERCEVAL), in a task of stressed vowels identification in Brazilian Portuguese. Acoustic and visual stimuli were presented, asking a child to choose the corresponding picture according to the word listened, between two possibilities of images shown on a computer screen. The presentation time of the stimuli and the children’s reaction were calculated, automatically, by the software. Results: The GI presented auditory perception underperformed when compared the accuracy of older groups of children (GII, GIII and GIV). As for the reaction time, the GI required more time in decision-making compared to the other groups, for both the mistakes and successes. As for the standard of mistakes, the most affected regions of the vowel space involved the medium vowels (height) and front vowels (forward/backward direction). The analyzing the mistakes direction within the vocalic space, there was a prevalence of mistakes in the less peripheral direction to the more peripheral one. The analysis of the correlation between age and accuracy was positive by all groups. Conclusion: The hearing-perceptual ability (identification vowel contrasts) occur gradually and stabilizes with increasing age.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:42:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_kchp_dr_assis.pdf: 17423514 bytes, checksum: 5a2ddc3e71ca7722c0a452d6131d37ce (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho observamos e contrastamos as realizações das consoantes chamadas vibrantes, no português e no espanhol, em diferentes contextos fônicos, do ponto de vista acústico. Para tanto, utilizamos o Multi-Speech, programa de análise de fala para Windows, produzido pela Kay Elemetrics, que possibilita o desenvolvimento das análises espectrográficas necessárias neste tipo de investigação. As gravações foram feitas em sala acusticamente isolada, com gravador profissional, no Laboratório de Línguas da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis (UNESP), por informantes da região de Assis (interior de São Paulo) e da cidade de Bogotá (Colômbia). Embora este estudo tenha um caráter primordialmente descritivo, pode, eventualmente, servir de apoio àqueles que se dedicam ao ensino/aprendizagem do português e do espanhol como línguas estrangeiras, pois atesta informações relevantes de natureza contrastiva sobre o componente fônico das duas línguas, no que se refere às consoantes vibrantes. / This dissertation deals with the acoustic analysis of trills and taps, in Portuguese as well as in Spanish. These consonants were spectrographically studied in the different contexts in which they appear in both languages. The physical analysis was made by means of the Kay Elemetrics Multi-Speech for Windows software. With its help we obtained the sound waves and sound spectrograms, necessary to our purposes, namely the acoustical description of the selected sounds in order to elaborate a contrastive description of the r type consonants. Our study was limited to the Portuguese spoken in our city area (Assis SP, Brazil) and to the Spanish spoken in Bogotá (Colombia). The data to be analyzed were recorded in the Language Laboratory of our University Campus (Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis - UNESP). We used a professional cassette recorder within an acoustically isolated room. Although this study has a primarily descriptive character, it may eventually help those people who are devoted to the teaching/learning process of Portuguese and Spanish as foreign languages. In fact it shows contrastive relevant information about the phonetic component properties of both languages, in the very specific area of the so called trills or vibrant consonants.